Targeting Of The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway In Cancer Treatment,
2022
University of Louisville
Targeting Of The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway In Cancer Treatment, Andrew J. Hawes
The Cardinal Edge
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a developmental pathway that is highly conserved evolutionarily. While typically only displaying high activity during embryogenesis, overactivation of the Hh pathway in adults has been linked to multiple forms of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, basal-cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adrenal carcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer. The prevalence of Hh activation in many different cancers has made it a prime target for inhibition of these cancers through novel therapies. This literature review sought to assess the current state of cancer treatment through inhibition of Hh signaling. Most current clinical trials involving the pathway …
Investigating The Role Of The Transcriptional Coregulator Cited2 In Regulating Intermediate Progenitor Proliferation And Modulating Behavior,
2022
Syracuse University
Investigating The Role Of The Transcriptional Coregulator Cited2 In Regulating Intermediate Progenitor Proliferation And Modulating Behavior, Nikolaus R. Wagner
Dissertations - ALL
The mammalian neocortex develops from a thin layer of neuroepithelial cells into a robust mosaic of differentiated neurons organized into distinct layers and functional areas. This process requires a complex choreography of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to be spatially and temporally activated in a precise manner. Disruptions in any aspect of this delicate process may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or intellectual disability. One such transcriptional coregulator that is a crucial regulator of neocortical development is Cited2. Previous work demonstrated that forebrain-specific Cited2 loss-of-function causes a reduction in neocortical progenitor proliferation which leads to reduced …
Investigations Into Avian Skeletal Adaptations And Spine Fusion Events,
2022
Clemson University
Investigations Into Avian Skeletal Adaptations And Spine Fusion Events, Tori Huey
All Theses
Avian dinosaurs evolved skeletal adaptations resulting in numerous fused spinal structures, like the synsacrum, present in extant birds. The synsacrum is a highly fused region necessary for stiffening the spine, and it fuses the spine to the pelvic ilium. Conventional wisdom suggests that fusion occurred in ovo during embryonic development via the cartilage matrix that patterns the future vertebrae. We show that post hatch birds have intervertebral discs separating all vertebrae of the spine, leading us to re-examine this notion in chickens up to 10 weeks of age. Intervertebral discs undergo constant remodeling, then degenerate and undergo tissue clearance, followed …
N6-Methyladenosine Rna Modifications In Myogenesis / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
N6-Methyladenosine Rna Modifications In Myogenesis / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Marina Danielle Infantado
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Myogenesis involves skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) that produce and regenerate skeletal muscle during regular growth and repair. However, when this system fails to function normally, it can lead to musculoskeletal diseases like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanisms behind this developmental process in order to seek therapies and solutions for these types of diseases. Our interest lies in the field of epitranscriptomics, which focuses on post-transcriptional ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which involves the addition of a methyl group to the adenosine nucleotide, a process that is mediated by the …
Determination Of The Functional Role Of Rab-Ggt In Physcomitrium Patens.,
2022
University of Louisville
Determination Of The Functional Role Of Rab-Ggt In Physcomitrium Patens., Hyun Jin Jung
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Protein prenylation, a common lipid post-translational modification, is required for growth and development in eukaryotes. Rab geranylgeranylation involves the addition of one or two 20-carbon geranylgeranyl moieties to Rab-GTPase target proteins, which regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking. The reaction is carried out by heterodimeric Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (Rab-GGT), which is composed of two associated α- and β-subunits, with the assistance of an additional protein called Rab escort protein (REP). Loss of function of the Rab-GGT α subunit RGTA1 has not been reported in any plant. While knockout of either of the two β subunits RGTB1 or RGTB2 results in …
The Novel Role Of Dnmbp In Kidney Development,
2022
The Texas Medical Center Library
The Novel Role Of Dnmbp In Kidney Development, Brandy Walker
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) accounts for nearly one-fourth of all birth defects and more than 40% of pediatric end-stage renal disease, yet only 10-20% of CAKUT cases have a known monogenetic cause. Human kidneys are composed of up to a million epithelial tubules called nephrons. Disruption of nephron development is one of the many congenital anomalies that cause CAKUT, often resulting in chronic or end-stage renal disease which requires transplant. During nephron epithelialization, the formation of stable cadherin-mediated adhesion junctions is essential for maintaining cell-cell contacts. To understand the cell behaviors underlying abnormalities in renal …
Investigating Conserved Mechanisms For Embryonic Eye Regrowth In Xenopus Laevis,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Investigating Conserved Mechanisms For Embryonic Eye Regrowth In Xenopus Laevis, Cindy Kha
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Regeneration is a complex process to replace or restore tissue after damage. However, animals vary in their ability to regenerate tissue, and humans are limited in their abilities. Understanding how regeneration occurs in highly regenerative vertebrates, such as in Xenopus laevis frogs will lead to defining common regeneration mechanisms. In recent years, eye regeneration research in Xenopus laevis tadpoles provided new promising insight into the mechanisms necessary for repair of damaged eye tissue. Much progress has been made towards understanding the regenerative capability of the complex eye since Xenopus tadpoles can regenerate mature eye tissues, including: the optic nerve, retina, …
Impacts Of Motor Developmental Delay On The Inter-Joint Coordination Using Kinematic Synergies Of Joint Angles During Infant Crawling,
2022
Chongqing University
Impacts Of Motor Developmental Delay On The Inter-Joint Coordination Using Kinematic Synergies Of Joint Angles During Infant Crawling, Li Zhang, Chun F. Deng, Yuan Liu, Lin Chen, Naong Xiao, Sheng J. Zhai, Wen S. Hou, Yu X. Chen, Xiao Y. Wu
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research
Motor developmental delay (MDD) usually affects the inter-joint coordination for limb movement. However, the mechanism between the abnormal inter-joint coordination and MDD is still unclear, which poses a challenge for clinical diagnosis and motor rehabilitation of MDD in infant’s early life. This study aimed to explore whether the joint activities of limbs during infant crawling are represented with kinematic synergies of joint angles, and evaluate the impacts of MDD on the inter-joint coordination using those synergies. 20 typically developing infants, 16 infants at risk of developmental delay, 11 infants at high risk of developmental delay and 13 infants with confirmed …
The Effect Of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva On The Tongue,
2022
University of Connecticut - Storrs
The Effect Of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva On The Tongue, Amy Backal, Amanda Harrop, David J. Goldhamer Dr.
Honors Scholar Theses
FOP is a rare genetic disorder in which skeletal muscle and associated connective tissue progressively turn to bone through a process called heterotopic ossification (HO). The extra skeletal bone growth is cumulative, eventually trapping patients in a second skeleton that eventually leads to death by asphyxiation. The FOP mutation is autosomal dominant that can be inherited or acquired sporadically. Unfortunately, FOP is currently incurable with no therapeutic options to inhibit bone growth or reduce existing bone nodules. My project intends to further our understanding of the cellular mechanisms of the disease within the tongue muscle. A population of cells known …
The Effects Of Aging On Wound Healing And Limb Regeneration In The Axolotl,
2022
University of Massachusetts Boston
The Effects Of Aging On Wound Healing And Limb Regeneration In The Axolotl, Hande Sahin
Graduate Masters Theses
The Mexican axolotl is capable of regenerating various parts of its body and maintains this capacity throughout its entire life. Although this ability is sustained through adulthood, multiple regenerative processes appear to be negatively affected by aging. Here, we focus on evaluating the effect of aging on the rate of wound healing and limb regeneration. We have developed new in vivo, and ex vivo assays to characterize wound healing and identify differences between young and aged animals during this process. We have also characterized morphological features of mature skin from both groups of animals and although there are no obvious …
Save The Frogs,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
Save The Frogs, Mackenzie Johnson, Alison Bohlen, Andie Ellis, Ryan Pinto
Student Work
The species Xenopus laevis is native to sub saharan Africa, but ever since its discovery in effectiveness in pregnancy tests, the frog now lives invasively around the world. Today the Xenopus Laevis is used mostly in laboratories as a model organism for studying developmental biology (Willigan 2001). The commercialized herbicide Atrazine, has been found to interact with this model organism species in an odd way you might not have guessed (Sanders 2010). Atrazine is primarily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has been shown to have neuroendocrine, reproductive, and developmental effects on experimental animals such as Xenopus laevis (ATSDR 2004). …
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus,
2022
William & Mary
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus, Emily Simmons
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
What Uv Is What You Get,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
What Uv Is What You Get, Jaylin Chlosta, Cassidy Mills, Mason Peckar, Nicholas Schaertl
Student Work
Vitamin D deficiency affects people differently and causes multiple health problems. Supplements may help when UV exposure is insufficient to generate Vitamin D in the body.
Just Cut It Out,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
Just Cut It Out, Jack Barbosa, Ashley Curcio, Emiliana Martinez-Nobrega, Matthew Robledo
Student Work
Why should we care about trees? Social, Economic, and Environmental benefits.
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures,
2022
University of Connecticut
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures, Mehreen Pasha
University Scholar Projects
While we often perceive disease as negative, there is potential to engineer seemingly negative biological phenomena into therapeutics to treat a variety of human illnesses. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder involving uncontrolled, widespread, extraskeletal bone growth, or heterotopic ossification (HO). In FOP patients, stem cells called fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) follow an abnormal, osteogenic pathway. In the present study, we investigate whether we can adapt these Acvr1 mutant FAPs, which are exceptional at producing bone, to repair bone fractures in otherwise normal patients. The primary aims of this study are (1) to devise and optimize a novel method …
Hyper Stable Variants Of Fgf-1-Fgf-2 Dimer,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Hyper Stable Variants Of Fgf-1-Fgf-2 Dimer, Madison Shields Mcclanahan
Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), including FGF-1 and FGF-2, are proteins that play a crucial role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, and tissue repair. FGF-1 and FGF-2 are useful in accelerating the healing process in the human body; however, these proteins are naturally thermally unstable, resulting in a relatively low half-life in vivo. 1,8 In efforts to improve the stability of this protein, FGF-1 and FGF-2 proteins are engineered by combining the amino acid sequences of the two proteins to form a heterodimer and obtain novel properties. These two FGF variants are chosen for their specific wound healing capabilities. …
Characterization Of Gangliosides And Fatty Acids In Extracellular Vesicles From Human Milk,
2022
Chapman University
Characterization Of Gangliosides And Fatty Acids In Extracellular Vesicles From Human Milk, Aliya Amin
Food Science (MS) Theses
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bioactive components of human milk that may impact functionality to regulate growth, cognitive development, metabolism, and immunity in newborns. The biogenesis of EVs and the mechanism by which EVs elicit biologic effects in vivo have not been characterized entirely. Gangliosides and fatty acids are integral in the formation, release, stability, and functionalities of EVs. Presumably, EV function is related to EV composition and lipids in EVs influence the bioavailability of EV cargo and downstream functions of EVs. The objective of this research was to characterize the fatty acid and ganglioside composition of EVs in human milk. …
Translation Control Tunes Drosophila Oogenesis,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
Translation Control Tunes Drosophila Oogenesis, Elliot T. Martin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The decision of a stem cell to either self-renew or differentiate is controlled by specific cellularpathways that can act at the level of transcription, translation, or post-translation. To study the regulation of these pathways in-vivo, I have used the female Drosophila germline as a model system. Each of the steps from germline stem cell (GSC) to egg require changes in cellular pathways. These changes can occur at the level of transcription, post-transciption, translation, or post-translation . Decades of research has elucidated many of the changes to gene that occur during oogenesis, however, many players in this process still remain mysterious. …
Role Of H3k4 Methylation In Myogenesis, Regeneration, And Muscle Disease / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
Role Of H3k4 Methylation In Myogenesis, Regeneration, And Muscle Disease / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Hannah Emily Shippas
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Muscles are a crucial part of an organism’s wellbeing, as defects in distinct types of muscles can be lethal. Our voluntary muscles, skeletal muscles, go through distinct regeneration phases before reaching maturity. With its own pool of stem cells, muscles have a large potential for regeneration. This potential has led scientists into looking closely at the steps that lead a muscle stem cell into muscle fiber, also known as myogenesis. As a muscle cell moves through myogenesis, genes are led to be turned on/off with different epigenetic mechanisms, one being histone modifications. A methylation modification on the 4th Lysine on …
Structural Formation And Functionality Of The Spoiie Protein In Clostridium Difficile,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Structural Formation And Functionality Of The Spoiie Protein In Clostridium Difficile, Rachel Siebenmorgen
Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses
My research efforts were directed toward the structure and functionality of a protein, designated SpoIIE [11], which previously has been shown to regulate C. difficile peptide utilization in addition to sporulation and toxin release. The SpoIIE protein is found in all spore-forming gram-positive bacteria and is a crucial component in activation of transcription factors and septum formation thus affecting the regulation and timing of spore development [11,12]. A truncated form of the SpoIIE protein named SpoIIE∆TM was used in an effort to determine the structure of an important but uncharacterized linker domain of the protein. If the structure and specific …
