The Role Of Ledgf/P75 In Transcriptional Regulation,
2010
University of Texas at El Paso
The Role Of Ledgf/P75 In Transcriptional Regulation, Jeffrey Ryan Kugelman
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Lens Epithelial Derived Growth Factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a chromatin bound protein whose cellular function is not yet clearly known. A role in transcriptional regulation had been previously proposed based on its interaction with the basal transcriptional machinery and on its effects on the expression of genes involved in the cellular response to environmental stresses. To further elucidate the function of LEDGF/p75, we conducted a global and unbiased evaluation of the role of this protein in gene expression. To that aim, we performed a microarray analysis of cellular gene expression in cells that are severely depleted of LEDGF/p75. To …
Chapter 26 – Multiple Color Single Molecule Tirf Imaging And Tracking Of Maps And Motors,
2010
Washington University in St Louis
Chapter 26 – Multiple Color Single Molecule Tirf Imaging And Tracking Of Maps And Motors, Jennifer L. Ross, Ram Dixit
Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations
Microtubules are part of a complex mechano-chemical network inside cells. In order to understand how the components of these systems work together, careful in vitro experiments must be performed with added complexity. These experiments can ideally image all the interacting species. In order to image these molecules, multiple-color fluorescence imaging can be performed. In this chapter, we describe some methods for performing multiple-color single molecule fluorescence imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We give several specific examples of species of microtubule-associate proteins and motors that can be examined with detailed protocols for labeling, purification, and imaging.
Pattern Recognition In Cytopathology For Papanicolaou Screening,
2010
Technological University Dublin
Pattern Recognition In Cytopathology For Papanicolaou Screening, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitriy Dubovitskiy
Conference papers
A unique space oriented filer is presented in order to detect and isolate the cell of a nucleus for applications in cytopathology. A classification method for nuclei is then considered based on the application of a set of features which includes certain fractal parameters. Segmentation algorithms are considered in which a self-adjustable sharpening filter is designed to enhance object location. Although the methods discussed and the algorithms developed have a range of applications, in this work we focus the engineering of a system for automating a Papanicolaou screening test using standard optical images
Apoptosis Initiation And Angiogenesis Inhibition: Melanoma Targets For Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields,
2010
Old Dominion University
Apoptosis Initiation And Angiogenesis Inhibition: Melanoma Targets For Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields, Xinhua Chen, Juergen F. Kolb, R. James Swanson, Karl H. Schoenbach, Stephen J. Beebe
Bioelectrics Publications
Many effective anti-cancer strategies target apoptosis and angiogenesis mechanisms. Applications of non-ionizing, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) induce apoptosis in vitro and eliminate cancer in vivo; however in vivo mechanisms require closer analysis. These studies investigate nsPEF-induced apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis examined by fluorescent microscopy, immunoblots, and morphology. Six hours after treatment with one hundred 300 ns pulses at 40 kV/cm, cells transiently expressed active caspases indicating that caspase-mediated mechanisms. Three hours after treatment transient peaks in Histone 2AX phosphorylation coincided with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and pyknotic nuclei, suggesting caspase-independent mechanisms on nuclei/DNA. Large …
Phosphorylation Of The Glycine Transporter 1,
2010
University of Texas at El Paso
Phosphorylation Of The Glycine Transporter 1, Javier Vargas Medrano
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter glycine in the brain are tightly regulated by the high-affinity glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) and the clearance of glycine depends on its rate of transport and the levels of cell surface GlyT1. Over the past years, it has been shown that PKC activation diminishes the activity and promoted phosphorylation of several neurotransmitter transporters including the dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine transporters however, its role is unknown for the glycine transporter. To get insights into the role of PKC activation on GlyT1 regulation, we used three N-terminus GlyT1 isoforms stably expressed in porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) …
Chapter 27 – Studying Plus-End Tracking At Single Molecule Resolution Using Tirf Microscopy,
2010
Washington University in St Louis
Chapter 27 – Studying Plus-End Tracking At Single Molecule Resolution Using Tirf Microscopy, Ram Dixit, Jennifer L. Ross
Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations
The highly dynamic microtubule plus-ends are key sites of regulation that impact the organization and function of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Much of this regulation is performed by the microtubule plus-end tracking (+TIP) family of proteins. +TIPs are a structurally diverse group of proteins that bind to and track with growing microtubule plus-ends in cells. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics as well as mediate interactions between microtubule tips and other cellular structures. Most +TIPs can directly bind to microtubules in vitro; however, the mechanisms for their plus-end specificity are not fully understood. Cellular studies of +TIP activity are complicated by the fact …
A Chemical Genetics Approach To Elucidate Mechanisms Of The Fission Yeast Polo Kinase In Cell Division,
2010
Grand Valley State University
A Chemical Genetics Approach To Elucidate Mechanisms Of The Fission Yeast Polo Kinase In Cell Division, Jennifer Phelan, Dawn Clifford Hart
Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts
Cell division is a fundamental biological event that underlies the growth and development of all organisms. Because human and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells divide symmetrically through constriction of the actomyosin ring, fission yeast provides an ideal model system to reveal conserved cell cycle properties. In fission yeast, an evolutionarily conserved protein, Mid1, plays a critical role in organizing the early steps of contractile ring formation. Mid1 functions as a scaffold to bridge the cell cortex with the contractile ring. Cells lacking mid1 form off-centered, highly disorganized ring structures and exhibit severe cell division defects. Our previous research …
Regulatory And Functional Aspects Of Foxo3a Transcription Factor And Their Implications In Prostate Cancer,
2010
Wayne State University
Regulatory And Functional Aspects Of Foxo3a Transcription Factor And Their Implications In Prostate Cancer, Melissa Elise Dobson
Wayne State University Dissertations
The P13K/Akt pathway is a critical mediator of growth factor signaling involving many cellular functions. The deregulation of this pathway has been shown to be involved in the development of various cancers. One of the main targets of this pathway is FoxO3a, a transcription factor whose target genes are involved in important cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle control, and glucose metabolism. FoxO3a is regulated by various post translational modifications including acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation. The transcription factor is directly phosphorylated by Akt on 3 residues: Threonine 32, Serine 253 and Serine 315. Phosphorylation by Akt generates binding sites …
Matriptase/Pdgf D/Beta-Pdgfr Signaling Axis In Human Prostate Cancer: The Role Of Pten In The Regulation Of Pdgf D Expression,
2010
Wayne State University
Matriptase/Pdgf D/Beta-Pdgfr Signaling Axis In Human Prostate Cancer: The Role Of Pten In The Regulation Of Pdgf D Expression, M. Katie Conley-Lacomb
Wayne State University Dissertations
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a family of mesenchymal growth factors that regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Unlike the classic PDGF ligands A and B, which are secreted as active dimers, PDGF D must undergo extracellular proteolytic processing to remove its N-terminal CUB domain from the C-terminal PDGF growth domain before the ligand is able to stimulate its receptor, PDGF receptor beta (?-PDGFR). Importantly, recent clinical studies have shown that ?-PDGFR is upregulated in primary prostate cancer and bone metastases. However, PDGF B, formerly thought to be the sole ligand for ?-PDGFR, is not expressed in clinical prostate …
Induction And Regulation Of Autophagy By Novel Prenylation Inhibitors In Sts-26t Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (Mpnst) Cells,
2010
Wayne State University
Induction And Regulation Of Autophagy By Novel Prenylation Inhibitors In Sts-26t Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (Mpnst) Cells, Komal Madhukar Sane
Wayne State University Dissertations
Prenylation pathways have been targeted via several different compounds that inhibit farnesyl transferase (FTase) and/or geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) enzymes in many cellular and animal models of cancer. Some of these have also been evaluated in clinical trials with limited success. Multiple mechanisms of action have been elucidated for such compounds, including cell cycle arrest, proteasome inhibition, apoptosis and most recently, autophagy. However, there is still an urgent need of effective agents of this class of anti-tumor therapeutics. In this dissertation, I sought to delve into this issue by characterizing our novel prenylation inhibitors and their potential as anti-tumor agents. Novel …
Animal Models Of Alzheimer's Disease,
2010
Case Western Reserve University
Animal Models Of Alzheimer's Disease, Gemma Casadesus, Gary Arendash, Frank Laferla, Mike Mcdonald
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Comparing Models Of Evolution For Ordered And Disordered Proteins,
2010
University of Idaho
Comparing Models Of Evolution For Ordered And Disordered Proteins, Celeste J. Brown, Audra K. Johnson, Gary W. Daughdrill
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
Most models of protein evolution are based upon proteins that form relatively rigid 3D structures. A significant fraction of proteins, the so-called disordered proteins, do not form rigid 3D structures and sample a broad conformational ensemble. Disordered proteins do not typically maintain long-range interactions, so the constraints on their evolution should be different than ordered proteins. To test this hypothesis, we developed and compared models of evolution for disordered and ordered proteins. Substitution matrices were constructed using the sequences of putative homologs for sets of experimentally characterized disordered and ordered proteins. Separate matrices, at three levels of sequence similarity ( …
Impaired M3 And Enhanced M2 Muscarinic Receptor Contractile Function In A Streptozotocin Model Of Mouse Diabetic Urinary Bladder,
2010
University of California, Irvine
Impaired M3 And Enhanced M2 Muscarinic Receptor Contractile Function In A Streptozotocin Model Of Mouse Diabetic Urinary Bladder, K. J. Pak, Rennolds S. Ostrom, M. Matsui, F. J. Ehlert
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
We investigated the contractile roles of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in urinary bladder from streptozotocin-treated mice. Wild-type and M2 muscarinic receptor knockout (M2 KO) mice were given a single injection of vehicle or streptozotocin (125 mg kg−1) 2–24 weeks prior to bladder assays. The effect of forskolin on contractions elicited to the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine-M, was measured in isolated urinary bladder (intact or denuded of urothelium). Denuded urinary bladder from vehicle-treated wild-type and M2 KO mice exhibited similar contractile responses to oxotremorine-M, when contraction was normalized relative to that elicited by KCl (50 mM). Eight to 9 weeks after …
The Wheat Bzip Factor, Taabf1, Mediates Aba-Induced Gene Expression In Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers,
2010
Colby College
The Wheat Bzip Factor, Taabf1, Mediates Aba-Induced Gene Expression In Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers, Benjamin R. Keyser
Honors Theses
The plant hormone Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in maturation and germination in seeds, as well as mediating adaptive responses to abiotic environmental stresses. ABA induces the expression of many genes, including late-embryogenesis-abundant genes such as HVA1. To elucidate the ABA signaling pathway leading to HVA1 expression, we focus on the bZIP factor TaABF1. Analysis of the interplay between ABA and TaABF1 in the aleurone cells of imbibing cereal grains indicated that the two are not additive in their induction of the HVA1 promoter. A synthetic ABA analog, PBI-51, did not specifically inhibit the effect of exogenous ABA …
Flow Cytometric Analyses On The Activation, Proliferation, And Differentiation State Of B Cells In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss),
2010
College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences
Flow Cytometric Analyses On The Activation, Proliferation, And Differentiation State Of B Cells In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Maggie Jeanne Barr
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
The Pax-5 Gene Is Alternatively Spliced In Trout B Cells,
2010
College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences
The Pax-5 Gene Is Alternatively Spliced In Trout B Cells, Raaj Mahendra Talauliker
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
