Description Of A New Species Of Lysiteles Simon From Guizhou Province,China (Araneae: Thomisidae),
2017
TÜBİTAK
Description Of A New Species Of Lysiteles Simon From Guizhou Province,China (Araneae: Thomisidae), Hao Yu, Fengming Li, Zhenyu Jin
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A new species of the genus Lysiteles Simon, 1895, L. bicuspidatus sp. nov., is described from Guizhou Province, China. Detailed morphological characters, a distribution map, photos, and illustrations of the habitus and genital organs are given.
Comparison Of Two Methods For Sampling Orthopterans In Grassland: Differences In Species Representation And Sex Ratios,
2017
TÜBİTAK
Comparison Of Two Methods For Sampling Orthopterans In Grassland: Differences In Species Representation And Sex Ratios, Stanislav Rada
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Orthopterans are convenient indicators for threatened grassland ecosystems. Many sampling methods are known; among them, sweep netting is the most common. This study compares sweep netting with less common pan trapping and quantifies differences in species representation and sex ratio between the two sampling techniques. Sampling took place in the submontane grassland in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic (Central Europe) during July, August, and September 2010. Both sweep netting and pan trapping were used concurrently in 11 meadows. Sampled orthopteran adults were determined to the species level and their sex was noted. Both methods recorded the same pool …
Prolonged Association Between A Pair And A Related Male In Breeding Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus),
2017
TÜBİTAK
Prolonged Association Between A Pair And A Related Male In Breeding Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus), Krzysztof Dudzik, Michal Polakowski, Michal Ciach
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Waterfowl (Anatidae) are a group of birds in which parental care is performed by both parents (a pair) or, less often, by females only. Alternative social systems in this group have been recorded only occasionally. This paper describes three unusual cases of prolonged association between a pair and an additional male (the offspring or sibling of the primary pair) in breeding Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus). In all instances the three birds displayed no antagonistic behaviour towards family members, participated in territorial defence, and bred successfully. These cases are unusual in light of what is currently known about the social system …
Diet Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, And The Tiger Shark, Galeocerdo Cuvier, In The Eastern Pacific Ocean,
2017
TÜBİTAK
Diet Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, And The Tiger Shark, Galeocerdo Cuvier, In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Colombo Estupiñán-Montaño, José F. Estupiñán-Ortiz, Luis G. Cedeño-Figueroa, Felipe Galvan Magaña, Carlos J. Polo-Silva
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study presents information on the diet of two shark species, Carcharhinus leucas and Galeocerdo cuvier, that inhabit the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The stomachs were collected from October 2003 to July 2005 in Ecuador. Stomachs of 41 C. leucas and six G. cuvier were analyzed. According to the index of relative importance (%IRI), the most important prey for C. leucas were fishes: family Ophichthidae (13.41%), Tylosurus pacificus (9.79%), Katsuwonus pelamis (4.54%), and fish remains (44.81%). G. cuvier, for its part, consumed squids: Ancistrocheirus lesueuri (45.14%), Pholidoteuthis boschmaii (7.81%), and Octopoteuthis spp. (5.17%), as well as turtles: Caretta caretta (9.7%), Lepidochelys …
The Indo-Pacific Brachyuran Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) Paucidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Brachyura, Portunidae) In The Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Gerasimos Kondylatos, Thodoros Kampouris, Vasilis Kouloumperis, Maria Corsini Foka
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The occurrence of the alien Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentatus is reported from Santorini Island after repeated underwater surveys carried out in 2014-2015. The findings constitute the first record of an Indo-Pacific brachyuran in the south-central Aegean Sea, showing the successful expansion of this portunid recently introduced into the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?,
2017
Independent Researcher
What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp
Animal Sentience
Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a …
Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour,
2017
University of Alberta
Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found
Animal Sentience
Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly.
Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear,
2017
University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351
Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear, Lesley J. Rogers
Animal Sentience
Measures of vigilance and fear might be more consistently associated if side biases are taken into account, because the right side of the brain is specialised to detect predators and to express fear responses. In species with eyes positioned laterally and with relatively small binocular fields, this brain asymmetry is manifested as eye preferences because each eye sends most of its input to be processed in the opposite side of the brain. Hence, responses elicited by stimuli on the animal’s left side are more likely be associated with fear than are responses to the same stimuli on the animal’s right …
A Histopathological Study On The Freshwater Fish Species Chub(Squalius Cephalus) In The Karasu River, Turkey,
2017
TÜBİTAK
A Histopathological Study On The Freshwater Fish Species Chub(Squalius Cephalus) In The Karasu River, Turkey, Hati̇ce Dane, Turgay Şi̇şman
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study examined the gills and liver histopathology of the freshwater fish chub caught from three different sites (Site A: Aşkale, Site D: Dumlu, and Site S: Serçeme) in the Karasu River. At Site A, the concentrations of some metals such as cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, lead, and manganese exceeded acceptable levels according to the Turkish Standards Institute. Moreover, the concentrations of metals in the liver and gills of the collected fish were determined. The presence of histological alterations was assessed by the degree of tissue change. The quantitative histological assessment indicated that the histological lesions were comparatively most severe …
Updated Checklist Of Odonata Fauna In The Turkish Thrace Region, With Additional Records Of New, Rare, And Threatened Taxa,
2017
TÜBİTAK
Updated Checklist Of Odonata Fauna In The Turkish Thrace Region, With Additional Records Of New, Rare, And Threatened Taxa, Nurten Hacet
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A new record for the Odonata from Turkish Thrace, Lindenia tetraphylla (Vander Linden, 1825), and its heterofamilial heterosexual tandem with a female of Orthetrum albistylum (Selys, 1848) are reported. This finding increases the species number in the region to 56. The current species list of the region based on unpublished records and available literature is presented. Five species are listed at subspecies levels in the region and the controversial subspecies status of some species is summarized. Additional records of rare species based on specimens collected in the region between 2001 and 2015 are provided and their distributions and threat statuses …
A Review Of Subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, With Descriptionof Phrosinella (Asiometopia) Kocaki Sp. Nov. From The Middle East(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini), Yury Verves, Liudmyla Khrokalo
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Phrosinella kocaki Verves & Khrokalo sp. nov. from Israel is described as being new to science. A similar species, Phrosinella kozlovi (Rohdendorf, 1925), is recorded for the first time for Turkey and redescribed. Faunistic and ecological data on 31 species from 3 genera of subtribe Phrosinellina are given: Gymnoprosopa Townsend, 1892 (6 species); Gymnopsidia Shewell, 1987 (1 species); and Phrosinella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (24 species). An original key to the genera and subgenera is presented.
The Effect Of Pistacia Terebinthus Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione,Protein, And Some Enzyme Activities In Tissues Of Rats Undergoing Oxidative Stress, Semra Türkoğlu, Sai̇t Çeli̇k, Serhat Keser, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Ökkeş Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study measures the effects of Pistacia terebinthus flower extract on the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein, glutathione, and enzyme activities in blood. It also measures the effects of the plant extract on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and it arrives at the conclusion that GSH-Px activity significantly increased in the Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide group (P < 0.0001) and SOD activity meaningfully increased in the Pistacia terebinthus (P < 0.05) and Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.0001) groups. It is also found that P. terebinthus extract has protective effects against LPO exerted in the kidney, brain, and lungs (P < 0.0001). The positive effects of P. terebinthus extract are also found on the levels of glutathione and total protein in all organs, except for the level of glutathione in the spleen and brain, and the increase of glutathione and total protein (P < 0.0001). These results are parallel to the effect of the extract used in this study on the LPO levels in tissues and they show that the plant species used in the study has positive effects on the activities of antioxidant molecules as well as protective effects against LPO.
Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records,
2017
TÜBİTAK
Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The soft bottom polychaete community was examined seasonally at eight stations between August 2009 and July 2010. A total of 76 species belonging to 27 families were identified in the Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea), of which 23 species are new records for the Black Sea fauna and 7 species for the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Syllidae was the best represented family in the research area and contributed 15.78% of the total fauna. The most dominant and frequent species were Micronephthys stammeri and Protodorvillea kefersteini in the study area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and seasons; number of …
The Phenology Of Pulvinaria Floccifera Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), A New Invasive Pest On Ornamentals Outdoors In Poland, Bozena Lagowska, Katarzyna Golan, Katarzyna Kmiec, Izabela Kot, Edyta Gorska Drabik, Katarzyna Goliszek
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The phenology of Pulvinaria floccifera infesting common holly was studied from June 2009 to October 2011 in Central Poland. Live specimens were most abundant on the leaves in July and August, while dead individuals were most numerous in winter and early spring each year. The scale completed one generation per year in the field and both the second and third instar nymphs overwintered. Following the spring molting to the 3rd instar or to the young adult females were observed in April and early May. The young adult females were first recorded in the second 10-day period of May. Oviposition occurred …
Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, And Trichoptera Assemblages Of Karst Springs In Relationto Some Environmental Factors: A Case Study In Central Bosnia And Herzegovina, Ana Savic, Dejan Dmitrovic, Vladimir Pesic
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study we analyzed changes of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in 50 springs along the Cvrcka River mainstream in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Springs were divided into 3 groups: rheocrene, rheopsammocrene, and piped springs. The objectives of our survey were to analyze changes in EPT communities in response to some environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. Twenty-eight morphologically distinct taxa were identified. EPT diversity was positively correlated to discharge and areal coverage of sand and stones but negatively correlated with areal coverage of algae. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most important factors in structuring EPT spring assemblages …
Seasonal Changes In Tawny Owl (Strix Aluco) Diet In An Oak Forest In Eastern Ukraine,
2017
TÜBİTAK
Seasonal Changes In Tawny Owl (Strix Aluco) Diet In An Oak Forest In Eastern Ukraine, Yehor Yatsiuk, Yuliya Filatova
Turkish Journal of Zoology
We analyzed seasonal changes in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) diet in a broadleaved forest in Eastern Ukraine over 6 years (2007-2012). Annual seasons were divided as follows: December-mid-April, April-June, July-early October, and late October-November. In total, 1648 pellets were analyzed. The most important prey was the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) (41.9%), but the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) (17.8%) dominated in some seasons. According to trapping results, the bank vole was the most abundant rodent species in the study region. The most diverse diet was in late spring and early summer. Small forest mammals constituted the dominant group in all seasons, …
The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations,
2017
TÜBİTAK
The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Males that present infrequently in parthenogenetic Artemia are commonly called "rare males". By rearing cloned parthenogenetic Artemia in the laboratory, the frequency of rare males was observed for seven Artemia populations with different ploidy compositions. The results showed that the values of the male:female ratio varied from 0.53:1000 to 1.40:1000 in diploids from different populations, and there were significant differences among populations and clones. No rare males were found in any of the 46 polyploid clones (217,197 individuals) observed.
Cautions About Precautions,
2017
Penn State University
Cautions About Precautions, Jay R. Stauffer Jr.
Animal Sentience
Assuming an animal to be sentient in the absence of conclusive evidence to the contrary is an extreme position, hence it should not and could not be the default assumption. Birch explains how the precautionary principle may be used to substantiate decisions to give the animal the benefit of doubt. Although I am reluctant to accept all of his points, Birch has provided an excellent argument for the use of the precautionary principle for the detection of animal sentience. I agree that more research is needed to refine and understand this relationship.
Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific,
2017
Australian National University
Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific, Rachael L. Brown
Animal Sentience
Birch’s formulation is persuasive but not nuanced enough to capture at least one situation where it is reasonable to invoke the precautionary principle (PP): when we have multiple, weak, but convergent, lines of evidence that a species is sentient, but no statistically significant evidence of a single credible indicator of sentience within the order as required by BAR. I respond to the worry that if we include such cases in our framework for applying the PP, we open ourselves to the charge of being “unscientific.”
Testing Alternative Hypotheses For The Cause Of Population Declines: The Case Of The Red-Headed Woodpecker,
2017
Old Dominion University
Testing Alternative Hypotheses For The Cause Of Population Declines: The Case Of The Red-Headed Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Eric L. Walters, Paul G. Rodewald
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) has experienced strong population declines during the past 3 decades. Using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data, we investigated 4 hypotheses that may explain this decline, including: (1) interspecific competition with native Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) and nonnative European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris); (2) predation by Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) and Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus); (3) climate change; and (4) changes in forested area within their range. In analyses of both the breeding and overwintering periods, our results indicated …
