Animal Sciences Commons^™

Nutritional And Management Methods To Decrease Nitrogen Losses From Beef Feedlots, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen losses from open beef feedlots are a concern. Methods that decrease volatilization losses will lead to greater manure N, which is likely to be beneficial in open lot beef operations. Twelve or more pens were dedicated to N research whereby N intake, retention, and excretion were quantified and a mass balance conducted using manure, runoff, soil balance, and loss quantities. The objective was to decrease N volatilization losses or increase manure N or both. Dietary CP affects N excretion and N volatilization losses. Four experiments across 2 yr compared industry average CP (13%) to diets that were phase-fed to …

Evaluation Of In Vitro Gas Production And Rumen Bacterial Populations Fermenting Corn Milling (Co)Products, W. L. Williams, L. O. Tedeschi, Paul J. Kononoff, T. R. Callaway, S. E. Dowd, K. Karges, M. L. Gibson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics of 2 commonly fed corn (co)products in their intact and defatted forms, using the in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique, and to investigate the shifts of the predominant rumen bacterial populations using the 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique. The bTEFAP technique was used to determine the bacterial profile of each fermentation time at 24 and 48 h. Bacterial populations were identified at the species level. Species were grouped by substrate affinities (guilds) for cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch, sugars, protein, lipids, and lactate. The 2 (co)products …

Evaluation Of Protein Fractionation And Ruminal And Intestinal Digestibility Of Corn Milling Co-Products, J. M. Kelzer, Paul J. Kononoff, L. O. Tedeschi, T. C. Jenkins, K. Karges, M. L. Gibson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Novel corn milling co-products developed from technological advancements in ethanol production vary widely in chemical composition and nutrient availability. The objectives of this study were to characterize feed protein fractions and evaluate differences in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and its digestible fraction (dRUP), amino acid concentration, and in vitro gas production of 7 corn milling co-products. The crude protein (CP; % of dry matter) of co-products was 12.7 for germ, 26.9 for dried distillers grains plus solubles that had no heat exposure before fermentation (DDGS1), 45.4 for highprotein dried distillers grains (HPDDG), 12.7 for bran, 30.2 for wet distillers grains plus …

Utilization Of Nitrogen In Cows Consuming Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles In Alfalfa And Corn Silage-Based Dairy Rations, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of forage type on nutrient digestibility, purine derivative excretion, nitrogen utilization, and milk production in dairy cattle consuming rations containing high levels of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Primiparous (n = 8) and multiparous (n = 20) Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Animals were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each 21-d period: 1) CONT-CS, 0% WDGS and high corn silage; 2) CONT-AS, 0% WDGS and high alfalfa silage; 3) WDGS-CS, 25% WDGS and high corn silage; and 4) WDGS-AS, 25% WDGS …

Effect Of Dietary Crude Protein Source On Hormone And Follicle Characteristics In Beef Heifers, J. L. Martin, D. M. Larson, H. L. Stroh, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Ground, raw soybeans (SB), or dried distillers grain plus solubles (DDGS) were utilized in heifer development diets to determine the effect of dietary fat and protein source on hormone and follicle characteristics and ADG. The experiment was conducted over 2 yr with 100 June-born heifers (199 ± 2 kg initial BW, n = 50 per yr). The experimental periods were 157 and 207 d in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Heifers were provided a dietary supplement (DM basis) of 1.23 kg of SB and 0.40 kg of corn or 1.65 kg of DDGS between weaning and breeding. Estrus was synchronized …

Prediction Of Genetic Values For Feed Intake From Individual Body Weight Gain And Total Feed Intake Of The Pen, A. J. Cooper, Calvin Ferrell, Larry V. Cundiff, L. D. Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records of individual feed intake (FI) and BW gain (GN) were obtained from the Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) program at US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Animals were randomly assigned to pens. Only pens with 6 to 9 steers (n = 289) were used for this study (data set 1). Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using data set 1. Estimated genetic values (EGV) for FI were calculated by 5 methods using single and 2-trait analyses: 1) individual FI and individual GN, 2) individual FI alone, 3) 2-trait with individual GN but with FI missing, 4) individual GN and …

High-Throughput Sequencing Of The Dba/2j Mouse Genome, Xusheng Wang, Richa Agarwala, John A. Capra, Zugen Chen, Deanna M. Church, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Zhengsheng Li, Lu Lu, Khyobeni Mozhui, Megan K. Mulligan, Stanley F. Nelson, Katherine S. Pollard, Williams L. Taylor, Donald B. Thomason, Robert W. Williams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The DBA/2J mouse is not only the oldest inbred strain, but also one of the most widely used strains. DBA/2J exhibits many unique anatomical, physiological, and behavior traits. In addition, DBA/2J is one parent of the large BXD family of recombinant inbred strains [1]. The genome of the other parent of this BXD family— C57BL/6J—has been sequenced and serves as the mouse reference genome [2]. We sequenced the genome of DBA/2J using SOLiD and Illumina high throughput short read protocols to generate a comprehensive set of ~5 million sequence variants segregating in the BXD family that ultimately cause developmental, anatomical, …

The Economic Effects Of Sorting Cattle By Weight And Time Of Year Into Different Production Systems1, D. R. Adams, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, D. R. Mark, Matt K. Luebbe, W. A. Griffin

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr study using 288 steers each year was conducted to determine the economic effects of sorting and feeding genetically similar cattle in different production systems. Steers were purchased at weaning in November and assigned randomly into sorted or unsorted groups. Unsorted steers were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 production systems: calf-fed steers (enter feedlot after weaning), summer yearling, or fall yearling; n = 48 steers per system yearly. For sorted steers, the heaviest third were calf fed and the remaining steers grazed cornstalks during winter. After winter grazing, the heaviest half of those steers were fed as summer …

Cargo Of Birds To Arkansas, The Hurricanes In 2008 And The Swept Clean Hypothesis, Douglas A. James, Kimberly G. Smith, Joseph C. Neal, John G. Hehr

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Three hurricanes in the hurricane season of 2008 brought to Arkansas several unusual marine and other birds from southerly locations. There were 10 species noted, totaling 44 individual birds. Sooty Terns, numbering 15, were the most numerous. Laughing Gulls were next in abundance. In the mix of birds there was only 1 new species for the state, a Least Grebe. The hurricanes brought vastly different cargos of birds, and two hypotheses relating to how hurricanes transport birds are proposed. The findings supported the "swept clean" hypothesis over the "blown through" hypothesis.

Development Of A New Tacaribearenavirus Infection Model And Its Use To Explore Antiviral Activity Of A Novelaristeromycin Analog, Brian B. Gowen, M. H. Wong, D. Larson, W. Ye, K. H. Jung, E. J. Sefing, Ramona T. Skirpstunas, Donald F. Smee, John D. Morrey, S. W. Schneller

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background

A growing number of arenaviruses can cause a devastating viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome. They pose a public health threat as emerging viruses and because of their potential use as bioterror agents. All of the highly pathogenic New World arenaviruses (NWA) phylogenetically segregate into clade B and require maximum biosafety containment facilities for their study. Tacaribe virus (TCRV) is a nonpathogenic member of clade B that is closely related to the VHF arenaviruses at the amino acid level. Despite this relatedness, TCRV lacks the ability to antagonize the host interferon (IFN) response, which likely contributes to its inability to …

The Differential Roles Of D-Pax2 Variants In Regulating Drosophila Eye And Bristle Development, Colin J. O’Shea

Honors Theses

The ability to appropriately interact with the environment is crucial to an organism’s survival. The establishment of functional sensory systems, such as the bristles and eyes in Drosophila, is a critical event during the development of the organism. The transcription factor D Pax2 is involved in the differentiation of the shaft and glial cells in the developing bristle (Kavaler et al., Dev, 126:2261-2272, 1999) and of the cone and primary pigment cells in the developing eye (Fu and Noll, Genes Dev, 11:389-405, 1997). How D-Pax2 contributes to distinct differentiative pathways in different cell types is not known. Recent work by …

Alterations In Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase And C-Terminal Telopeptide Of Type I Collagen In Experimental Canine Osteotomies Fixed Using 2 Different Techniques, Michail Paskalev, Svetozar Krastev

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to monitor serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen (CTX) over time in canine experimental osteotomies fixed using 2 osteosynthesis techniques, to determine the relevance of both markers in monitoring bone healing, and to investigate the influence of the 2 osteosynthesis techniques on their concentrations. Transperiosteal osteotomy of the diaphyses of the right tibia and fibula was performed in 12 dogs. The dogs were then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1 (6 dogs) underwent osteotomy fixed with intramedullary osteosynthesis (IMO) and group 2 (6 …

Anatomical Study Of The Brain Of The African Ostrich, Ke-Mei Peng, Yueping Feng, Gaoying Zhang, Huazhen Liu, Hui Song

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The anatomical characteristics of the African ostrich brain were investigated in this study. The average weight, length, and width of the total brain are 26.34 g, 59.26 mm, and 42.30 mm, respectively. The cerebellum appears relatively well developed and obviously protrudes dorsally. The posterior superior part of the cerebellar vermis almost forms an angle of 130°. The ostrich brain has many more transverse fissures of the cerebellar vermis than do the brains of domestic fowls. Therefore, the surface area of the African ostrich's cerebellum is larger. The formation of the cerebrum is an obtuse triangle. Its surface is smooth, without …

A Comparitive Study On Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis And Traumatic Pericarditis In Egyptian Cattle, Mohamed M. Ghanem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out on 15 Holstein cows divided into 3 groups of 5. Group 1 was the control, group 2 had traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP), and group 3 had traumatic pericarditis (TP). Comparison between the groups included clinical, hematological, biochemical, and ultrasonographic changes. TRP cows had arched backs, a sharp decrease in milk yield, and a reluctance to move, with abduction of the fore limbs. TP cows had edema of the brisket and submandibular region, with jugular vein distension and pulsation. TRP cows had a significant increase in PCV, leukocytes, and neutrophils, and a significant decrease in RBC, hemoglobin, …

Identification Of Babesia And Theileria Species In Small Ruminants In Central Anatolia (Turkey) Via Reverse Line Blotting, Abdullah İnci̇, Anil İça, Alparslan Yildirim, Önder Düzlü

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted between January 2006 and September 2008 to identify Babesia and Theileria species in sheep and goats in Central Anatolia via reverse line blotting (RLB). In total, 421 sheep and 152 goats were randomly selected from herds located in Kayseri, Yozgat, and Sivas provinces (all in central Turkey). The amplified hypervariable V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene of ovine piroplasm species, including Theileria lestoquardi, T. ovis, Babesia ovis, B. motasi, and B. crassa, was hybridized against species-specific probes. Theileria ovis and B. ovis were observed in the study animals. Among the 573 small ruminants included in …

The Effect Of A Single Administration Of Parenteral Oxytetracycline And Flunixin Meglumine Combination On The Reproductive Performance Of Dairy Cows With Subclinical Endometritis, Çağatay Tek, Ahmet Sabuncu, Serkan İki̇z, Funda Bağcigi̇l, Mehmet Can Gündüz, M. Ragip Kiliçarslan, Yakut Özgür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study explored the effects of a single administration of flunixin meglumine (acting as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and oxytetracycline combination on the reproductive performance of cows diagnosed with subclinical endometritis during the postpartum period. Cows aged 3 to 9 at 40 to 60 days postpartum were studied. Endometrial samples were collected from cows that had a uterine cornu (middle of the cornu) width of greater than 3.5 cm in the ultrasonographic examination, and 40 cows diagnosed with subclinical endometritis were included in the study. Cows in group 1 (n = 20) received a single dose of 20 mg of …

Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Esterified Glucomannan, Sodium Bentonite, And Humic Acid To Ameliorate The Toxic Effects Of Aflatoxin In Broilers, Hasan Ghahri, Reza Habibian, Mehdi Abdollah Fam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite, and humic acid in counteracting the toxic effects of aflatoxin in a naturally contaminated diet fed to broilers. Seven-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of the 9 dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows: 1) control; 2) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin; 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% humic acid, respectively; 8 and 9) naturally contaminated diet supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite and 0.1% esterified glucomannan, respectively. Compared with the control, the naturally …

Preliminary Findings Of Behavioral Patterns In Captive Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus Sifanicus) And Prospects For Future Conservation, Xiuxiang Meng, Hong Yang, Qisen Yang, Zuojian Feng, Xu Peng, Genevieve C. Perkins

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Captive farming of alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in China has been used for conservation and harvesting of musk since the mid 1950s. Despite this long history, management practices and captive breeding have been primarily based on trial and error due to lack of behavioral and ecological information about this vulnerable species. Understanding behavioral patterns plays a vital part in determining appropriate management systems; hence the aim of this study was to determine the effect of captivity on behavioral patterns of alpine musk deer by comparing wild-caught and the captive-born alpine musk deer. From August 2002 to January 2003, the …

Effect Of Urea And Oregano Oil Supplementation On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Lamb Fed Diets Containing Different Amounts Of Energy And Protein, Önder Canbolat, Ali̇ Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The experiment was carried out using a 4 × 4 factorial design. There were 16 experimental groups. Each group consisted of 3 lambs. The experiment lasted 56 days. During the experiment, the oregano oil (0 and 5 g/kg DM) and urea (0, 6, 12, and 18 g/head per day) were given to lambs consuming low energy/low protein diets (2350 Kcal/kg DM/ 10.80% CP/DM, respectively) and normal energy/normal protein (2600 Kcal/kg DM, 14.97% CP/DM, respectively) diets. Daily body weight gain of lambs consuming normal energy/normal protein diets and supplemented with 6, 12 and 18 g/head per day urea were significantly (P …

First Reported Case Of Chironomid Midge Larva Infestations In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum 1792) Eggs, Şevki̇ Kayiş, İlhan Altinok, Fi̇kri̇ Balta

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Six days after transfer of eyed stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs into an incubator, egg mortality occurred during the winter of 2007. During the outbreak, approximately 30% of the eggs died. Rheocricotopus fuscipes (Kieffer, 1909) and Eukiefferiella claripennis (Lundbeck, 1898) (subfamily Orthocladiinae), Chironomid midge larvae were observed on the eggs by examining the eggs under the microscope. Histological sections of the infested eggs exhibited midge bite marks. This is the first report of Chironomid midges preying on fish eggs.