Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Tenderness And Intramuscular Lipid Of Most Major Muscles From Bos Indicus Cattle Are Less Than Bos Taurus Cattle, C.M. Highfill, O.E. Font, Donald H. Kropf, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In semitropical climates in the United States, Bos indicus breeds of cattle, primarily the Brahman breed, are utilized in crossbreeding programs with Bos taurus cattle to improve productivity by increasing disease and insect resistance, heat tolerance, heterosis, and additive genetic variation. About 25% of the U.S. beef population contains some Bos indicus breeding. Numerous published reports show that tenderness of ribeye and strip loin steaks and marbling are significantly reduced in Bos indicus straightbred or crossbred cattle compared to most Bos taurus breeds. One very large study reported that heritability of tenderness and marbling is around 0.4, making it a …

Male Field Crickets Infested By Parasitoid Flies Express Phenotypes That May Benefit The Parasitoids, Oliver M. Beckers, William E. Wagner

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Parasites can cause changes in the phenotypes of their hosts that may benefit the parasite, the host, or both. To understand the evolutionary dynamics of host–parasite interactions it is necessary to first examine the effect of parasitic infestation on the host phenotype and whether the host or parasite benefits from these changes. The fly Ormia ochracea parasitizes the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, and it uses male song to locate hosts for its lethal larvae. Adult flies preferentially orient to male songs with faster and longer chirps. We tested the effect of larval infestation on two types of host traits. …

Reproduction Of Heifers Sired By High Or Low Residual Feed Intake Angus Bulls, E. Blair, Daniel W. Moser, T.T. Marston, Jennifer Bormann

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Residual feed intake (RFI) has gained popularity as a selection tool for improving feed efficiency in beef cattle. RFI is the difference between what an animal consumes and what it is predicted to consume based on size and growth rate. Animals with low or negative RFI eat less than predicted and are more efficient. Although RFI is being used by the industry, research on the impact of selection for RFI on female fertility is lacking. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reproductive performance of heifers that have been selected for RFI.

Is Gnrh Necessary At Cidr Insertion Using A 7-Day Cidr Synchronization Protocol For Beef Heifers?, D.R. Eborn, E.E. Blair, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The EAZI-BREED CIDR is commonly used in estrous synchronization protocols for both beef heifers and cows. The label calls for insertion of a progesterone-impregnated controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 7 consecutive days with an injection of prostaglandin F2αgiven a day before CIDR removal. Animals should display estrus 1 to 3 days after CIDR removal. Modifications to this protocol include administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the time of CIDR insertion and administration of the prostaglandin injection at the time of CIDR removal on day 7. Use of GnRH in conjunction with a CIDR may improve estrous synchronization in beef …

Marination Technique Influences Whole Muscle Beef Jerky Salt Content And Flavor Intensity, G.R. Skaar, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef jerky is a popular meat snack that is simple to recognize and define. The USDA Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book (FSLPB) allows labeling use of the title "jerky" to a product that has been dried to a moisture-to-protein ratio (MPR) of 0.75:1.0 or less, and states the species or kind (such as beef, pork, or venison) in the name. As long as the product is dried to the required MPR and the species of origin is noted, all additional ingredients used, spice applications, and processing procedures are open for interpretation and application. The USDA FSLPB goes on to …

Export Sales Of U.S. Beef Semen Increased Faster Than Domestic Semen Sales, Sandra K. Johnson, Kevin C. Dhuyvetter

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of artificial insemination (AI) in the dairy industry grew tremendously in the 1940s and has since become the industry norm. Adoption of AI in the beef industry has been much slower largely due to the more extensive nature of beef production systems. Improvements in protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation now allow beef producers to achieve high pregnancy rates to AI with no heat detection and value-driven marketing programs have provided more incentive for use of high-accuracy genetics. The 2007 USDA National Animal Health Monitoring Surveillance survey reports the proportion of beef operations that use AI is only …

Forage Selection Preferences Of Experienced Cows And Naïve Heifers Grazing Native Tallgrass Range During Winter, N.A. Aubel, L.N. Edwards, G.J. Eckerle, L.A. Pacheco, K. C. Olson, John R. Jaeger, Dale A. Blasi, Leigh W. Murray

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estimating the nutritive value of a grazing animal's diet is a significant challenge. Description of the botanical composition of a grazed diet is vital in that regard. Microhistological analysis of fecal material has been used for estimating the botanical composition of wild and domestic ungulate diets since first described by Baumgartner and Martin in 1939. Little research has been conducted on the diet selection preferences of multiparous beef cows compared to primiparous beef cows. We hypothesized that foraging strategies change as cows age. To that end, our objective was to characterize differences in diet selection between experienced multiparous and naïve …

Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles To Heavy Yearling Stocker Cattle Grazing Native Tallgrass Pastures During Late Summer And Fall Improves Animal Performance And Carcass Characteristics, A. Stickel, Terry A. Houser, K. C. Olson, B. Gerlach, B. Goehring, A. Pacheco, M. Macek, G. Parsons, K. Miller, L.K. Thompson, S. James

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Grazing stocker cattle on low-quality forages is a common practice in Kansas; however, animal performance typically is modest. Due to the increasing availability of ethanol co-products, producers may be able to use dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a protein source to help increase body weight of stocker cattle grazing native tallgrass pastures during the late summer and fall. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of feeding DDGS to heavy stocker cattle during late summer and fall and to document its effects on animal performance and subsequent carcass characteristics.

Relationship Between Ultrasonically Measured Beef Cow Carcass Traits And Lifetime Productivity, L.A. Pacheco, John R. Jaeger, Jennifer Bormann, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ultrasound is widely used in seed stock production, commercial operations, and in feed yards to predict carcass merit. It also has been used to assess the value of individuals as parents in the seed stock industry. Ultrasound has several advantages as a technique to evaluate body composition: it is relatively inexpensive; it produces results more rapidly compared to progeny testing programs; and data are less prone to selection bias than direct carcass data collection. Ultrasound measures of ribeye area and proportion of intramuscular fat are accurate predictors of their corresponding carcass traits in fed slaughter cattle. Thus, average heritability estimates …

Zilpaterol-Hcl Reduces Urinary Excretion Of N-Tau-Methylhistidine By Finishing Steers, D.W. Brake, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Zilpaterol-HCl is an orally active b-adrenergic agonist that repartitions nutrient use in cattle and has been approved for use during the final 20 to 40 days of the finishing period. Zilpaterol administration to finishing cattle increases average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, and dressing percentage; however, zilpaterol decreases meat tenderness, which is detectable by sensory panelists. Attenuation of zilpaterol's effect on tenderness would improve its benefits to cattle producers. Decreases in tenderness of meat from cattle fed zilpaterol may be closely related to decreases in protein degradation in skeletal muscles. Urinary excretion of N-tau-methylhistidine (NMH) in …

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2010, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists.

Animal Performance And Diet Quality While Grazing Corn Residue, Jennifer A. Gigax

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Grazing cattle on corn residue as a winter feed source has become an integral part of many Nebraska producers’ management plans. Utilizing corn residues extends the grazing season and is often more economical than grazing winter range or dry lot situations. Corn residue is high in OM and NDF, moderate in digestibility, and low in CP. Cattle grazing corn residues may need to be supplemented with a protein source to meet requirements.

The development and application of DNA technology to create new corn hybrids has improved yields with fewer inputs, leading to a continued low cost food supply for consumers. …

Establecimiento De Un Protocolo De Reproducción Ex-Situ De Dendropsophus Labialis Como Estrategia De Manejo Para Su Uso Y Conservación, Oscar Mauricio Ostos Rodrigez, Juan David Ayala Palma

Zootecnia

Colombia es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en el mundo gracias a su posición geográfica, condiciones climáticas, topografía, hidrografía y suelos. Como un claro ejemplo de ello se encuentran los anfibios que ocupan uno de los renglones más importantes dentro de esta gran riqueza biótica, conociéndose hasta la fecha cerca de 733 especies, lo que sitúa al país como uno de los lugares en el mundo con el mayor nùmero de especies de anfibios (Corredor & Uribe, 2007). La rana sabanera (Dendropsophus labialis) que es endémica, y tiene un rango de distribución que ocupa la Sabana de Bogotá, …

The Effects Of Feeder Design (Conventional Dry Vs. Wet-Dry) In The Nursery And In The Finisher On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2011), S Nitikanchana, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,296 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337; initially 36 lb) were used in a 102-d study to determine the effects of feeder type (conventional dry vs. wet-dry) on nursery and finishing pig growth performance for pigs reared under commercial conditions. In the nursery, pigs were housed in rooms with either conventional dry or wet-dry feeders. At movement to the finisher, 312 barrows and 336 gilts from a room with conventional dry feeders and an equal number of pigs from a room with wet-dry feeders were randomly selected and distributed to have a similar number of barrows and gilts …

The Effects Of High-Sulfate Water And Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) On Nursery Pig Performance (2011), J R. Flohr, N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 320 nursery pigs (PIC 1050 barrows) were used in a 24-d study to determine the effects of high-sulfate water and dietary natural zeolite on growth performance and fecal consistency of nursery pigs. Eight treatments were arranged as a 2 × 4 factorial with 2 water treatments (control or water with 3,000 ppm sodium sulfate), and 4 dietary zeolite concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%). Water treatments remained the same from d 0 to 24 and all diets were fed in 2 phases, with diets containing zeolite having the same inclusion rate in both phases. Phase 1 diets …

The Effects Of Orally Supplemented Vitamin D3 On Serum 25(Oh)D3 Concentrations And Growth Of Pre-Weaning And Nursery Pigs (2011), J R. Flohr, Michael D. Tokach, Steven C. Henry, M L. Potter, Lisa M. Tokach, J P. Goff, R L. Horst, Jerome C. Nietfeld, D M. Madson, S M. Ensley, J R. Bergstrom, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 270 pigs from 29 litters (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 2 d of age) were used in a 52-d study to determine the effects of oral vitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, and bone mineralization of pre- and postweaning pigs. Vitamin D plays an essential role in maintaining proper Ca and P homeostasis within the body of mammals. Because most swine production occurs in environmentally controlled facilities, direct sunlight is no longer a source of vitamin D for the neonatal pig, which could impact bone growth and muscle function. Experimental treatments consisted of 3 …

Effects Of Increasing Ndf From Either Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles Or Wheat Middlings, Individually Or In Combination, On The Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Carcass Fat Quality In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2011), M D. Asmus, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 288 pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 83.6 lb) were used in an 87-d study to determine the effects of increasing dietary NDF from wheat middlings (midds) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Pens of pigs were randomly allot- ted by initial weight and gender (4 barrows and 4 gilts per pen) to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial plus 2 additional treatments with the main effects of added wheat middlings …

Influence Of Dietary Isoleucine:Lysine Ratio On The Optimal Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio For 13- To 24-Lb Pigs (2011), S Nitikanchana, A L. Chipman, J Usry, J F. Patience, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 475 nursery pigs (initially 13.4 lb and 5 d postweaning) were used to determine the influence of the standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine:lysine ratio on the optimal SID tryptophan:lysine ratio for growth performance of nursery pigs. This experiment was conducted in the all-in, all-out nursery at the Swine Nutrition Farm at Iowa State University. Each treatment had 8 replications with 4 or 5 pigs per pen, with equal numbers of barrows and gilts within block and across treatments. Pens were allotted to 1 of 12 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged as a …

Determining The Effects Of Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio In Diets Containing Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Growth Performance Of Finishing Pigs (2011), S Nitikanchana, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,235 pigs (PIC 1050 × 337; initially 149 lb) were used in a 71-d study to determine the effects of tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 0, 20, or 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of finishing pigs raised in a commercial environment. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 26 to 28 pigs per pen and 7 to 8 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of standardized ileal …

Effects Of Feeding Copper And Feed-Grade Antimicrobials On The Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2011), R G. Amachawadi, N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Harvey Morgan Scott, Joel M. Derouchey, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 240 weanling pigs (34 d of age with an average body weight of 17.1 lb) were used in a 35-d growth trial to compare the growth performance effects of copper (Cu) and feed-grade antimicrobials. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 facto- rial with 2 added Cu levels (basal level of 16.5 ppm or basal + 125 ppm from copper sulfate) and 3 antimicrobial treatments including a control, chlortetracycline (CTC; Alpharma, Fort Lee, NJ) at 500 g/ton (10 mg/kg BW), and tylosin (Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at 100 g/ton. Each treatment …