Dairy Science Commons^™

W150-Using Milk Somatic Cell Count Information, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

The level of mastitis infection in a dairy herd can have a significant impact on herd profitability. Losses due to mastitis include decreased milk production, increased treatment costs, discarded milk, premature culling, death, decreased genetic potential, decreased reproductive performance, load rejection due to violation of somatic cell counts (SCC) or antibiotic residues and loss of milk quality premiums (3, 9, 12). Most producers easily relate clinical mastitis with these losses. However, subclinical (or hidden) mastitis may actually cause more losses in a herd than clinical mastitis. Since the animal does not exhibit typical symptoms of the disease, the problem is …

W149-Bulk Tank Milk Quality, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

Who is responsible for the safety and quality of dairy products? Dairy producers? Processors? Retailers? Consumers? In fact, all of these parties – from farm to fork – share in this responsibility. What starts as a high-quality product on the farm can be ruined somewhere along this chain. However, a poor-quality, inferior raw product leaving the farm cannot be transformed into a safe and high-quality product for the consumer. Despite technical advances in milk processing, the safety and quality of dairy products is still determined on the farm. Pasteurization does provide a certain level of safety, but is not the …

W148-Milk Quality And The Tennessee Quality Milk Initiative, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Animals/Livestock

According to records, in 1995, there were more than 1300 dairy farms in Tennessee. In 2007, the number declined to fewer than 600 dairies (9). There are several reasons for this mass exodus from the dairy industry in Tennessee: low milk prices, shortages of qualified labor, high feed costs, high fertilizer costs, high fuel costs, etc. In addition, many dairy producers in Tennessee and in the Southern Region are at risk of losing their milk market due to below average milk quality. Milk quality continues to be a topic of intense debate in the dairy industry. Dairy producers in the …

Measures Of Weight Distribution Of Dairy Cows To Detect Lameness And The Presence Of Hoof Lesions, M. Pastell, L. Hänninen, A. M. De Passillé, J. Rushen

Farm Animal Welfare Collection

There is increasing interest in automated methods of detecting lame cows. Hoof lesion data and measures of weight distribution from 61 lactating cows were examined in this study. Lame cows were identified with different numerical rating scores (NRS) used as thresholds (NRS >3 and NRS ≥3.5) for lameness. The ratio of weight applied to a pair of legs (LWR) when the cow was standing was calculated using a special weigh scale, and the cows were gait scored using a 1 to 5 NRS. Hoof lesions were scored and the cows placed into 1 of 4 mutually exclusive categories of hoof …

Assessment Of Lameness Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors In Dairy Herds In England And Wales, Z. E. Barker, K. A. Leach, H. R. Whay, N. J. Bell, D. C. J. Main

Farm Animal Welfare Collection

Visits were made to 205 dairy farms in England and Wales between October 2006 and May 2007 by 1 or more of 4 researchers. At each visit, all milking cows were locomotion scored (lameness scored) using a 4-point scale (0 = sound locomotion, 1 = imperfect locomotion, 2 = lame, 3 = severely lame). The mean prevalence of lameness (scores 2 and 3) across the study farms was 36.8% (range = 0–79.2%). On each farm, the presence within the housing and grazing environments of commonly reported risks for increased lameness was recorded. Each farmer was interviewed to gauge the ability …

Culturally Speaking: The Year Of Sodium, Phillip S. Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Protective Properties Of Milk Phospholipids Against Ultraviolet Light Exposure In A Skin Equivalent Model, Ashley Russell, Andrea Laubscher, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, Lily H. Laiho

Dairy Science

Current research on bioactive molecules in milk has documented health advantages of bovine milk and its components. Milk Phospholipids, selected for this study, represent molecules with great potential benefit in human health and nutrition. In this study we used confocal reflectance and multiphoton microscopy to monitor changes in skin morphology upon skin exposure to ultraviolet light and evaluate the potential of milk phospholipids in preventing photodamage to skin equivalent models. The results suggest that milk phospholipids act upon skin cells in a protective manner against the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Similar results were obtained from MTT tissue viability assay …

Dairy Animal Care: Quality Assurance

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance Program

Dairy producers are encouraged to participate in the voluntary Dairy Animal Care and Quality Assurance (DACQA) Certification program. The purpose of this program is to enhance and demonstrate quality animal care practices, which assure food safety, quality and value as well as enhance consumer confidence in the milk and beef products that are harvested from cattle on America’s dairy farms.

Sdsu Dairy Digest 2010, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

Respiratory Disease In Young Dairy Calves., A. D. Garcia, R. Daly

Dairy Science Publication Database

Respiratory disease is the second leading cause of death losses (scours is the first) in un-weaned heifer calves. Respiratory problems have increased by 34 percent in the last twenty years resulting in nearly 21 percent of all newborn calf losses (NAHMS. 2007). Heifers that survive continue to perform poorly as adult cows. In order to prevent this costly problem it is important to address both determinant and predisposing causes.

Dopaminergic Input To The Equine Pituitary: Seasonal And Estradiol Effects, Sarah Case Clavier

LSU Master's Theses

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of season and estradiol administration on dopaminergic input to the equine adenohypophysis. Experiment 1 began in the spring with 8 mares and 8 stallions and was repeated again in the summer, fall, and winter. Horses were given sulpiride injections of eight incremental doses (0.25 to 32 µg/kg BW). Within each group of 8 horses, half received the sulpiride in an increasing manner, the other half in a decreasing manner. Prolactin concentrations peaked in the first 15 to 30 min in all horses in all seasons. Prolactin areas under the curve increased (P < 0.001) with increasing doses of sulpiride, and were highest (P < 0.05) in March for stallions, but in June for mares. The calculated half-maximum values, which should be proportional to the dopaminergic input to the pituitary, were lowest (P < 0.05) in June and greatest in September. The variation in half-maximum values with season indicated a change in dopaminergic input to the pituitary, with lowest input occurring in June in both sexes. Experiment 2 was designed to determine if the degree of dopaminergic input to the adenohypophysis is altered by estradiol administration. Twelve geldings were used. On day 0, geldings received an i.m. injection of either estradiol cypionate (ECP; n = 6) or vegetable oil (n = 6) at one of two dose volumes (2 vs. 10 mL). On day 6, all geldings received an injection of sulpiride at 0.082 µg/kg BW in saline. Sulpiride injections were repeated every other day with the dose increasing each day, from 0.164 to 100 µg/kg BW. Estradiol pretreatment increased (P < 0.05) the prolactin response to sulpiride at the 2.56 µg/kg dose and higher. However, the half-maximum values for ECP-treated and control geldings did not differ, indicating that the amount of sulpiride needed to counterbalance the amount of dopamine reaching the pituitary was unaltered by estradiol treatment. It was concluded that estradiol likely stimulates prolactin production and secretion after sulpiride directly at the lactotrope level, rather than by decreasing hypothalamic dopamine input to the lactotropes.

Reutilización Del Dib Y Del Implante En Vacas Cebú, Sometidas A Amamantamiento Restringido En Los Llanos Orientales, Leonardo Fabio López Jaime

Zootecnia

La reproducción es el pilar básico en la producción animal, de ella depende en gran parte la explotación ganadera. El retorno al estro post - parto seguido de la concepción, es uno de los elementos más restrictivos en la producción en bovinos de carne en el trópico Colombiano. Como consecuencia a esto, el hombre ha intentado mejorarla durante bastante tiempo a través de la inseminación artificial y de la sincronización de calores con protocolos hormonales, logrando así el control del ciclo reproductivo, eliminando la ardua tarea de la detección de calores, reduciendo el intervalo entre partos y logrando el desarrollo …

Induction Of Ip-10 By Sars-Cov Infection Of Calu-3cells And Balb/C Mice, Y. Kumaki, C. W. Day, K. W. Bailey, M. H. Wong, M. K. Wandersee, R. Madsen, J. S. Madsen, N. M. Nelson, J. D. Hoopes, J. D. Woolcott, Z. T. Mclean, L. M. Blatt, A. M. Salazar, Dale L. Barnard

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Destruction of the architectural and subsequently the functional integrity of the lung following pulmonary viral infections is attributable to both the extent of pathogen replication and to the host-generated inflammation associated with the recruitment of immune responses. The presence of antigenically disparate pulmonary viruses and the emergence of novel viruses assures the recurrence of lung damage with infection and resolution of each primary viral infection. Thus, there is a need to develop safe broad spectrum immunoprophylactic strategies capable of enhancing protective immune responses in the lung but which limits immune-mediated lung damage. The immunoprophylactic strategy described here utilizes a protein …

Development Of A New Tacaribearenavirus Infection Model And Its Use To Explore Antiviral Activity Of A Novelaristeromycin Analog, Brian B. Gowen, M. H. Wong, D. Larson, W. Ye, K. H. Jung, E. J. Sefing, Ramona T. Skirpstunas, Donald F. Smee, John D. Morrey, S. W. Schneller

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background

A growing number of arenaviruses can cause a devastating viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome. They pose a public health threat as emerging viruses and because of their potential use as bioterror agents. All of the highly pathogenic New World arenaviruses (NWA) phylogenetically segregate into clade B and require maximum biosafety containment facilities for their study. Tacaribe virus (TCRV) is a nonpathogenic member of clade B that is closely related to the VHF arenaviruses at the amino acid level. Despite this relatedness, TCRV lacks the ability to antagonize the host interferon (IFN) response, which likely contributes to its inability to …

Estudio De Factibilidad De Un Centro De Acopio De Leche, En La Vereda Monroy, Municipio De Guachetá, Cundinamarca, Maritza Del Carmen Almonacid Ortiz, Gustavo Rodriguez Uribe

Zootecnia

El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un centro de acopio de leche cruda fría en la vereda Monroy en el municipio de Guachetá departamento de Cundinamarca. Este trabajo inició con el reconocimiento del entorno de la región en donde se identificaron aspectos sociales, culturales, económicos, políticos y ambientales que permitieron en primera instancia la viabilidad geográfica del proyecto ya que fue considerada una región principalmente ganadera, con disponibilidad de recursos de mano de obra, insumos y buenas vías de acceso entre otros factores. En segundo lugar se realizó un estudio de …

Enfermedad Respiratoria En Los Terneros Lecheros, Como Prevenirla, A. D. Garcia, A. R. Daly

Dairy Science Publication Database

La enfermedad respiratoria es la segunda causa de muerte (diarrea es la primera) en las terneras lecheras no destetadas. Los problemas respiratorios han aumentado en un 34 por ciento en los últimos 20 años, causando cerca de 21 por ciento de la mortandad de los terneros (NAHMS 2007). Las terneras que sobreviven continúan con un desempeño pobre al convertirse en vacas adultas. Para prevenir este problema, es importante tener en cuenta tanto causas predisponentes como determinantes.

Inclusión En La Dieta De Terneras Prerumiantes Fuente De Proteína De Origen Animal O Vegetal En La Lechería Especializada La Cañada Tuta Boyacá Fase 1, Maria Paola Muncker Alzate

Zootecnia

Para el inicio de este trabajo se analizaron los requerimientos de los animales de cría en las lecherías especializadas obteniendo resultados de déficit proteico, este es uno de los mayores problemas en las explotaciones comerciales lecheras, puesto que es en este momento cuando se deben sentar las bases para un correcto desarrollo del aparato digestivo en los pre-rumiantes hasta lograr las dimensiones y proporciones que tendrán en su vida adulta; siendo fundamental cumplir con los requerimientos nutricionales de su primera etapa de vida, por lo cual el experimento se llevó a cabo en el departamento de Boyacá, municipio de Tuta, …

Control De Poblaciones De E. Coli Y Otros Coliformes A Partir De La Concentración De Ácidos Grasos Volátiles En La Leche Bovina De Raza Holstein Estudio De Caso En La Sabana De Bogotá, Andrés Mauricio Díaz Franco

Zootecnia

Dado que en el campo hay productores que no tienen la tecnología para preservar la leche mientras esta es recogida, se busca un método alternativo de preservar el producto de la proliferación de coliformes totales a partir de la concentración los Ácidos Grasos Volátiles (AGVs), ya que estos se han venido utilizando para combatir otras bacterias de características patogénicas como Salmonella. La investigación se desarrollo tomando muestras de diferentes municipios de la Sabana de Bogotá, después de medir los parámetros básicos del producto como pH y sólidos totales se realizaron micro concentraciones (de 10µ a 1000µ), para determinar por medio …

Bioavailability Of Lysine From Hydroxymethyl Lysine (2010), E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, D.W. Brake, A.M. Nour

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve mature sheep were used as a ruminant model to estimate the bioavailability of lysine in hydroxymethyl lysine (HML) compared with a commercial product of rumen-protected lysine (RPL; LysiPEARL, Kemin Industries, Inc.) with known availability. The sheep were fed a diet with a forage to concentrate ratio similar to that of dairy diets. Following a control period in which plasma lysine was measured when sheep received no supplemental lysine, the sheep were provided 2 of 4 treatments during periods 2 and 3; treatments included RPL to provide 3 or 6 g/day of available lysine (actual amounts of product provided were …