Gerontology Commons^™

香港私人營辦安老院的發展趨勢, Chi Yuk, Kenneth Chan

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

引言

八十年代初随着香港的经济起飞，劳动力巿场需要大量人手，而一批来自内地的医务工作者，配合当时经济发展的需要，看准时机创办了私营安老院，为有需要幚助的家庭释放劳动力。私营安老院经过三十年的发展，供应量随着巿场的需求而快速增长，直至目前为止，香港763间安老院当中，有579间属于私营机构营办的院舍，私院数目占全港安老院总数的75.9%，合共提供53,310个宿位。

踏入廿一世纪，香港逐步迈向老龄化社会，医疗科技的进步和完善的公共医疗服务，令香港的长者平均寿命位居世界第二位，长者的寿命延长的同时，对长期护理服务的需求亦相应与日俱增。目前，香港65岁或以上人口有941,312人，长者人数占人口总数的13.3%，而安老院宿位的供应量亦增至75,716个，占长者人口约8%。近年，政府提出多项支援长者社区照顾的措施，未来社会对长者护理服务的需求会更加多元化，而对院舍服务的期望和要求亦会越来越高。

對社會養老模式的思考與探索, Zhiping Gu

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

摘要

根据我国社会老龄化进程加快，社会养老服务需求迅速增长的趋势，提出构建社会养老模式，类比以人为中心的社会养老服务支援系统；结合养老服务的实践，探索社会养老服务支援系统的作用，方法和路子，为高龄病残老人提供优质服务，对提高老年人幸福指数，推动积极老龄化，健康老龄化进程，加快老龄事业科学发展，实现有中国特色的积极老龄化战略思想，具有重要现实意义。

中國醫學在養老護老中的作用, Qixin Sun

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

引言

上海嘉定康福敬养院是一家民办非企社会投资兴建的，采取的经营与投资分离的管理模式。康福敬养院总投资2500万，占地28亩，共有200张床位。成为了集宾馆、医疗、护理、娱乐为一体，「老有所医、老有所养、老有所乐」的老人们的新家。成立9年多来，我院树立了以中医经络养生、中医养老、寓医于食、医食同源的养老特色品牌，采用「三疗」（食疗、茶疗、乐疗） 加精神慰藉对院内老人进行健康调理。现在院内老人平均寿命85 岁，最高寿者104岁，均过着安居乐陶陶的生活。九年多来康福敬养院同时也取得了良好的社会效益和平整运行的经济效益。

Characteristics Of Utban Elderly Care Recepients In Singapore, China And Indonesia, Treena Wu

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

Using large datasets on elderly care in Singapore, China and Indonesia, this paper will describe and compare the char­acteristics of elderly care recipients in an urban setting. The datasets used are the Singapore Informal Caregiver Survey 2011, the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2008 and the Indonesia Family Life Survey 2007. The minimum individual age covered in the Singapore and China datasets is age 75 and individuals observed have at least 1 ADL limi­tation. The minimum individual age covered in the Indonesia dataset is age 60 and individuals observed have at least 1 ADL limitation. We describe the demographics, living …

Ethnographic Studies On The Role Of Caregiver In Providing Care For Older Persons In Citengah Village, Sumedang, West Java And Its Implication Of Care Giving Program, Vita Priantina Dewi

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

Many countries in the world will experience increasingly ageing populations in the 21st century. One of the countries that will have dramatic increase in the number of aged people in its populations is Indonesia. The increasing proportion of older persons in Indonesia also bring an impact on the issue of providing care for older persons especially for older persons who are no longer working. Most of study on elderly people are focused on social activities of the elderly. However, there are limited studies on the providing care for older persons in rural areas in Indonesia. Therefore, the decision to study …

Informal Caregiving Patterns In Korea And European Countries : A Cross-National Comparison, Soong Nang Jang, Mauricio Avendano, Ichiro Kawachi

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

Purpose: This ecological study examined demographic and institutional differences in informal caregiving. We conducted a cross-national study about the characteristics of informal caregivers in 12 European countries and Korea.

Methods: Data were collected from individuals aged 50 years and older participating in the 2004/2005 Survey of Health, Ageing and Re­tirement in Europe (SHARE) and the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). We examined the associations between informal caregiving and macro-level characteristics (GDP, total fertility rates, labour force participation rates, level of women’s empowerment, long-term care resources).

Results: Korea and some southern European countries (notably Spain and Italy) had high …

Health And Social Care For Older Persons From Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds : Australian Policy And Practice, Helen Bartlett

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

Introduction

In an increasingly globalised world, the challenges of meeting the health and social needs of older people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds is becoming increasingly important, with the World Health Organisation stating that designing for diversity is a primary characteristic of an age friendly city (World Health Organization [WHO], 2007). In Australia, the importance of meeting the needs of CALD older people has been recognised at all levels of government and is one of the features of the current proposed Australian Government aged care reforms (Chenoweth, Jeon, Goff & Burke, 2006; Commonwealth of Australia, 2012; Radermacher, Karunarathna, …

Regional Analysis On The Implementation Of Madrid International Plan On Ageing, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Pui Yee, Phoebe Tang

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

The world’s population is rapidly ageing, are countries all geared up to withstand the impacts brought by the demograph­ical changes? 2002 marked an historical moment for the ageing world, where the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (hereafter ‘MIPAA’) was adopted by 159 countries worldwide at the Second World Assembly on Ageing held in Spain. Countries pledged their commitments to building a society for all ages by means of institutional arrangement, poli­cies and programmes. The document sets out objectives and priority areas in dealing with the ageing population, which serve as guiding principles to policymakers and service providers. 10 …

中國老年照護需求的增長與養老護理人員能力建設, Peng Du

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

摘要

中国大陆60岁及以上老年人口已经接近1.9亿人，伴随着人口老龄化的迅速发展，老年人需要生活照料的比便和人数也在提高，根据测算其中生活不能自理的老年人超过1000万人，对社会和家庭养老护理人员的能力提出了新的挑战。国家十二五规划明确提出了到2015年的发展目标，增强机构养老和社区照顾为老服务的能力，转变政府职能，扩大基本公共服务的提供，政府部门也日益重视家庭的发展。在上述背景下，本文分析了目前需要存在的主要问题和相关政策建议，提出符合资质的养老护理人员需要加大培养力度，形成学校、机构、社区多层次培养教育体系。在体制机制上创新医护和养老护理人员之间的流动体制，提高养老护理人员的队伍稳定性和业务水平。在积极老龄化政策框架下，认识到老年人有家庭照料中发挥的重要作用，并在社区服务中增加对家庭护理人员的支持内容。养老护理人员的能力建设的长远发展，需要政府和社会在老龄社会应对战略、政策法规和具体服务措施三方面得到支撑。

“Growing Demand for Elderly Care and the Capacity Building of Elderly Carers in China”

Abstract

The elderly population of 60 years old or above has nearly reached 190 million, and as the population ages quickly, the proportion and the absolute number of elderly needing care in daily life will also rise. Among these elderly there will be over 10 million of them who cannot take care of themselves, who are bringing new challenges to the capacity and to the elderly carers both in society and in families. The 12th Five-Year-Plan of China has clearly illustrated the development plan …

回顧十一五. 展望十二五, Qingchun Yan

APIAS-TSAO-ILC Symposium for Junior Researchers on Active Ageing 2012

引言

老龄化快速发展，老年人口快速增长，因此养國老服务的需求也在日益增长，我们的养老事业在十一五期间应该说发展很快，无论是养老保障，还是养老服务，老年团体社会管理都取得了显著的成就。特别是人们的观念发生变化，健康老龄化，积极老龄化的理念已经化为国家、社会和老年人群应对人口老龄化的实际行动。全社会尊老敬老的优良传统不断发扬光大，老龄宣传深入人心，老龄意识不断增强。

把老龄事业十一五期间的状况给大家介绍一下：

十一五期间老龄事业发展很快，具体地说，就是十一五时期是我国老龄事业发展中非常重要的五年，我们落实十一五老年事业发展规划、老龄工作的稳步推进，老年人的晚年生活明显改善，老龄事业在国际上的地位和影响力在不断提高。十一五规划的内容基本上完成，为十二五老龄事业快速发展奠定了很好的基础。

Introduction

Rapid ageing causes the demand for eldercare services to increase. Eldercare industry developed fast during the period under the “11^th Five-Year Plan”, both in terms of social security, service, and institute management for the elderly. With a change in people’s attitude, position concepts like healthy ageing and active ageing have turned into actions by all levels to tackle the issue, which helped enforce the tradition of respecting the aged and the understanding of eldercare issues.

Let me shortly introduce the developments under the “11^th Five-Year Plan” period:

It was the most critical time …

Exploratory Study Of Neglect Among Elderly In Hong Kong : A Family Perspective, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University, The Central Policy Unit, Hong Kong Sar Government

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

Elder neglect, instead of abuse, forms an obvious focus in studying changes before irreversible damages are made to the families over time to examine the family cohesion factors as well as to identify interpersonal or helping relationships among elder parents and adult children, in particular during the time of sickness when an older person requires intensive care. Such occasions reveal the impacts of family dynamic on the vulnerability of elder neglect. It is under this background, Family Council and Central Policy Unit, commissioned the Asia-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies of Lingnan University to undertake the study, in April 2010, with …

Empowerment In The Caritas Federation For Senior Citizens, Kong Sang Lou, Mei Yuk, Doris Yu

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

According to the Hong Kong population projection the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is projected to increase markedly, from 11.7% in 2003 to 27% in 2033. This increase is expected to be gradual between 2003 and 2015 (14.3%) and it will then be followed by a period of rapid growth to 27% in 2033 (Census and Statistics Department, 2004). Concomitant to the rise in elderly population, the demand for community and residential services that meet their specific needs is also expected to increase. The success of meeting these needs depend on the cooperation of various parties: individuals, …

Life-Long Learning Among The Elderly In Hong Kong : The Experience Of Caritas Evergreen College, Hong Kong, Siu Ching, Selina Lo

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

The dynamism in the society we live today has demanded a new approach to life in the dawn of a knowledge society which permeates the entire globe including Hong Kong. The knowledge society has been driven by the advancement in the information communication technology (ICT) in particular which demands new skills and hence is seen as an obstacle to the elderly even in their daily living functions. At the most basic level of daily life, many products including television and washing machines are today computer-aided or chip-based that requires some minimum knowledge about “buttons” and simple operations in order to …

The Elderly In Empty Nests : China’S Challenge, Kong Wei

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

China has the largest elderly population in the world. At present, the older population aged 60 and above is close to 145 million while US had about 46 million people aged 60 or older (U.S. Census Bureau 2001). The older population in China made up about 10.2 percent of the total, with an annual growth of 3%. It is projected that by the middle of this century the figure will reach 400 million. Along with this increase, the number of elderly in empty nests is projected to soar. Among these empty nesters, many are weak and disadvantaged, insecure, unable to …

Elderly Participation And Empowerment : Experiences Of Sage, Kam Lee Lam, Sau Lai, Teresa Lee

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

The Hong Kong Society for the Age (SAGE) established in 1977 is one of the well-known Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in responding to the rapid growing elderly population and the welfare needs of the senior in Hong Kong. Its services include Care and Attention Home, Elderly Hostels, Elderly Centres, Day Care Centres, Home Care Service. etc. The mission of SAGE is to ensure the elderly to have dignity and reasonable comfort in their old age. In 2008, SAGE aims to provide distinctive services to the elderly, i.e. elderly participation and empowerment (Homepage of Sage: http://www.sage.org.hk/eng/ideal.htm). This paper focuses how Sage …

香港視障長者生活質素調査 : 應用手冊, The Hong Kong Society For The Blind 香港盲人輔導會, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心

Manual & Guide 手冊及指引

隨著社會的發展，社會大眾對生活的要求亦日益提高。人們並不滿足於基本的生活程度，而是追求舒適的生活環境，高質素的服務，對身體狀況亦更加關注。

在90年代中期開始，香港的學者開始研究「生活質素」這個課題，並發展出一些適合香港使用的「生活質素」量度工具。社會上不同群體對生活質素的界定及期望，可能和一般市民有所不同，要量度以致改善他們的生活質素，便需要特定的量度工具。

香港盲人輔導會於2008年委託嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心設計了一份有關視障長者生活質素的問卷，並成功訪問了580位55歲以上分別居住在社區及院舍的長者，以便了解他們的生活質素。

是次研究的目標為：

1. 從香港視障長者的角度出發，發展一套量化及可量度視障長者生活質素的工具；

2. 為香港視障長者的生活質素提供一個研究上的參考基數；

3. 以視障長者生活質素量度工具作日後服務管理，為服務提供方向性的指引，並成為本地視障長者服務發展的參考。

本應用手冊將會以深入淺出的方法，向大家闡述如何利用這份「視障長者生活質素調查問卷」評估服務成效及作服務管理。

The Development Of 'Hong Kong Quality Of Life For The Visually Impaired Elderly Scale' (Hkqolvies) : Research Report, The Hong Kong Society For The Blind, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

The project is a pioneer study that focuses on the development of a set of indicators for measuring the quality of life of the visually impaired elders in Hong Kong with the cooperation of Hong Kong Society for the Blind (HKSB). The study simulated the procedures for the development of WHOQoL and have developed and validated the new scale that contains a total of 43 items which grouped into 6 domains, namely, Health, Subjective Well-being, Family and Community Support, Living Condition, Finance and Interpersonal Relationship.

The study also marked the first taking of HKQoLVIES, which will serve as the benchmark …

Intergeneration Perception Toward Happiness In Elderly Life, Yue, Natale Cheung, Chi Wai, Jackie Chan

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

According to the latest statistics released by the Census and Statistics Department, the Hong Kong population aged 65 and over was 829,300 at the end of 2004. The number of persons aged 65 or older is projected to increase by 17.9% to 978,000, representing 13.2% of population in 2013. This increase in the number and proportion of elderly will intensify the challenges of ageing, which will put further pressure on the government and the society at large. In response to Hong Kong's rapid aging population and in line with the concept of active and successful ageing, the question of how …

Life Long Education Experience At Lingnan University, Ying Po Cheung, Chi Ping Kwan, Che Kau Li, Kit Ha Tong, Fat Hing Yip

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

Owing to the advancement of medical technology, food availability, improved environment and health conditions, population ageing is a phenomenon that is occurring both globally and locally. In Hong Kong, the elderly population defined as comprising people aged 65 and over, was 653,700 in 1996 (Census & Statistics Department 2005a). By 2006, it will be 839,600 (Census & Statistics Department 2004), representing a net increase of 33%. During the same period (1996—2006), the increase in the old-old group (aged 75 and over) is 59%. In Hong Kong, the decrease in birth rate coupled with an increase in average life expectancy, and …

Inspiring The Retirees Towards Active Ageing : A Case Study Of The Elderly Shop Project, Kwok Fai, Tony Leung

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

The “elderly shop” project is a project for retired elderly who are commonly identified as recipients of care and assistance, to venture into business. It provides a platform for them to be actively engaged in productive activities. This project is based on the “self-financing” business model. With the elderly as role models other social groups such as housewives and non-engaged/unemployed youths are also enlisted to provide support to this project. Together they form the service team. The transfer of “know how” and consultative support provided by the business community and professionals enable this project to provide services to those who …

Elderly Participation : My Experience As A Retiree, Fan Chun, Peter Tsang

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

Adaptation to life after retirement can be a challenge. In spite of being psychologically prepared, retirees often experience the feelings of idleness and restlessness. In order to be able to adapt, retirees must learn how to make their life more enjoyable and meaningful. Based on my experience, I suggest volunteering which is meaningful to the individual, family and the community at large. Volunteering can also result in personal growth as it is not only a process of giving but also learning as well. In this paper, I would like to share five of the most essential “ingredients” that would make …

An Evolving Practice Model In The Development Of Lifelong Education For Senior Citizens, Wai Chuen Shum

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

Promoting productive and successful aging has gradually become a main concern for society at large, in particular, public policy makers, gerontologists and social workers in ageing societies. In Hong Kong, the population aged 60 years and above has increased from 745,500 (13% of the total population) in 1991 to 1,004,400 (14.8%) in 2001 (Census & Statistics Department 2005). This figure will increase to about 2.2 million representing 27.7% of the population by 2023 within a span of about twenty years (Census & Statistics Department 2004). With this rapid growth of the elderly population, greater efforts are urgently needed to prepare …

An Exploratory Study On The Elders' Needs And Attitudes Towards Radio Programmes, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Kam Wing, Kevin Cheung

APIAS Working Paper 工作論文

Not many studies in the literature were to investigate the positive impacts of radio on health of the elderly in Hong Kong. If listening to radio has a positive impact on older people’s health, there would be important implications to the social services in Hong Kong, with regard to further studies on an in-depth understanding of this issue and policy recommendations for the Hong Kong government to improve social services of the elderly population. In light of the above rationale, the present study was designed to explore the qualitative impacts of listening radio on the well-being of elderly people in …

Exploring The Television Portrayal Of Older People In Hong Kong : A Study Of Two Public Affairs Documentary Series, Caillie Tam

Lingnan Theses

Adopting the contextual social constructionist perspective on social problems, the present study investigates how older people are portrayed in two public affairs television documentaries in Hong Kong over a period of two decades. There were The Hong Kong Connection (produced by the public service broadcaster, Radio Television Hong Kong); and Chasing Current Affairs (produced by a commercial broadcaster, Asia Television Limited). A mixture of research designs was employed in the analysis, namely: (1) content analysis on the documentary episodes, (2) reviews of government documents and (3) in-depth interviews with social workers and the staff engaged in documentary episode productions. A …

「二人三足」鄉郊長者探訪計劃暨鄉郊長者關懷行動 : 鄉郊長者的需要及生活質素調查報告書, Asia-Pacific Institute Of Ageing Studies, Lingnan University 嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Hok Ka, Carol Ma, Yuk Yin Fung

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

本計劃期望能促使長者享有一個「積極樂頤年」，以提升其生活質素。計劃會透過連續性的探訪及兩次大型參觀活動，爲長者提供參與社會的機會。在探訪期間，義工會因應自己的才能及長者的興趣，爲長者安排一些學習班，如：英文、魔術及手工藝等，鼓勵他們終身學習。

另外，義工會透過閒聊的方式，了解長者的需要，從而提供相關的轉介；義工同時會關心長者的健康狀況，如：教導長者如何預防流行性感冒、叮囑長期病患者定時覆診等，以保持身體健康。

本計劃的目的可歸納爲以下四個：

• 透過連續性的探訪，爲屯門鄉郊的獨居和雙老長者送上關懷
• 在探訪過程中，利用問卷及閒談方式探討鄉郊長者的需要，並提供適當的支援/轉介
• 爲長者安排參觀嶺南大學及香港國際機場，鼓勵鄉郊長者參與社會
• 通過一系列的探訪和參觀活動，促進長者和青少年(嶺南大學學生義工）的溝通，從而建立跨代支援網絡

是次的調查主要希望

1. 探討鄉郊長者的需要；
2. 量度鄉郊長者的整體生活質素的轉變；
3. 評估長者和青少年的相互觀感的轉變；及
4. 了解他們對區內設施的意見和使用平安鐘的習慣。

An Evaluation Study On The Elderly Housing Initiative In Hong Kong, Cheung Ming, Alfred Chan, Kam Wing, Kevin Cheung

APIAS Working Paper 工作論文

The Hong Kong Housing Society (HKHS) of the Hong Kong Government launched the Senior Citizen Residence Scheme (SEN) in 2001 to provide housing units for the middle-class elders aged 60 and above, who have pre-set limits of asset and guaranteed income (Hong Kong Housing Society, n.d.). As a result, two public estates came into operation one year after in 2002. At present, a total of about 800 elders live in these two estates. The present study is under the auspices of the HKHS to evaluate the satisfaction of the residents in the two estates, to make recommendations on the improvement …

Fear Of Crime Among Older Persons : An Exploratory Qualitative Study In Different Environments In Hong Kong, On Fung Chan

Lingnan Theses

Fear of crime among various groups has long been studied in Western societies. Many studies have concluded that older persons tend to exhibit higher levels of fear of crime than other age groups even though they are generally at a lower risk of being victims of crime. However, there have been relatively few studies on fear of crime and associated reasons amongst older persons in Asian cities and Chinese societies. Moreover, most existing studies have generally utilized quantitative methods to examine the possibly causal relationships between fear of crime and its underlying factors, and subjective evaluations by older people themselves …

Information Technology Usage And Quality Of Life Among Older Persons : A Qualitative Study In Hong Kong, Wing Fung, Chad Chan

Lingnan Theses

INTRODUCTION: In this high technology era, rapid developments in information technology (IT) have the potential to transform the lives of older persons. Ageing tends to be associated with reductions in health status and resources, which can be potentially affect the adoption of new technology. However, the role of IT is becoming ever more influential in our daily living though the digital services such as email, e-banking and e-shopping. Therefore, older persons inevitably come across various IT-related products, especially computers and the Internet, in their everyday lives. Moreover, the quality of life of older persons is important and has been identified …

Ageing Society Issues In Korea, Sung Jao Choi

APIAS Monograph 專題論文

Population ageing is a social phenomenon not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. The rapidity of population ageing in Korea during the past decade epitomizes how rapidly developing countries are ageing compared to developed countries. Rapid population ageing may be recognized as a universal phenomenon, equivalent to globalization (UN, 2002), which continues to influence almost all aspects of social systems and lives of people.

The relatively gradual population ageing rate in developed countries allowed resources to be accumulated to finance various reforms and the creation of social systems, which includes social welfare for the elderly. But developing …

Bridging The 'Generation Gap' : Understanding Cross-Generations' Views Through The Visual Media Of The 1960s, Kit Ling Luk

APIAS Working Paper 工作論文

This working paper is based on the findings of the 2002 film screening cum focus group discussions amongst the young and the old organized by APIAS. Using the visual media: Hong Kong film in the 1960s as a media, the present project intends to explore the family as the social arena in addressing parent and children’s contrasting views on love, marriage and its impact on their parent-child relationships. The project also aims to shed light on ways in promoting intergenerational communications via structured intergenerational programmes.

Project Objectives

1. To explore the ‘gap’ between the young (born in the 1980s) and …