Gerontology Commons^™

江門市居家養老研究報告 = A Research Report On Ageing In Place In Jiangmen City, 嶺南大學-五邑大學居家養老聯合研究創新中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

本研究旨在瞭解江門市”社區居家養老”的狀況及需求，以便當局制定服務，讓長者能在自己最熟悉的地方養老。

硏究採用「量性研究」(Quantitative research method) 的方法，以問卷收集了482位居住在江門市城市、鄉鎮和農村60歲或以上長者的個人狀況和對居家養老的意見。

硏究發現8成以上長者偏好在家養老及覺得其現在居所環境適合養老，但超過一半長者居所的安全性成疑，這包括居所存在鼠患蟲患、住屋光線不足和缺乏維修等。另外，有大約3成認爲社區設施便利性有待提升。

在社交支持方面，超過8成老年人擁有良好的社交支持網絡，出入醫療場所和在生活上遇到難題時能獲得幫忙；少部分無法尋求任何幫助。值得注意的是，尋求正式機構協助的長者不多。

在財務狀況方面，約6成長者主要收入來源為退休金，另外少於半數老年人依靠兒女資助。有部分受訪者依賴存款，政府補貼和勞動收入。受訪者月收入偏低，以1000~4000元爲主，部分沒有任何收人。被訪者的醫療保險覆蓋率接近9成，約有2成人對承擔醫療費用感到吃力。

參與是次研究的受訪者普遍身體狀況和自理能力良好，7成以上滿意當前生活狀態 (包括居所狀況、社會支持、居家安老安排、社區設施及其生活條件)，認爲目前條件能支持他們居家養老。

本研究提出五大建議。第一，雖然目前大部分受訪者滿意當前生活狀態，居家養老服務供給水平仍有改進空間。為應付老年人口急增，政府應加速發展養老業。第二，社區和居家環境需配合長者的身體機能和需要，進行適老化改造，以支持他們在家養老。第三，爲減輕長者醫療費用的負擔，建議政府篩查符合救助標準的長者，提高老年人醫療補貼。第四，為了讓更多老年人能在社區組織中獲得適切的正式服務支持，政府應加大服務購買力度，增加服務名額同時提升服務質素。第五，子女對年長父母的陪伴和依靠是不能缺乏的，但部分子女沒有很好地履行贍養義務。爲增加子女對年老父母的照顧力度，政府應從教育、媒體方面營造社會尊老敬老氛圍。

江門市居家養老需求研究報告 : 城市深度訪談 = The Needs Of Ageing In Place In Jiangmen City : In-Depth Interviews In Urban Area, 嶺南大學-五邑大學居家養老聯合研究創新中心

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

本次研究旨在調查江門市老年人居家養老的現狀，探索服務需要，提升江門市老年人的生活質素。研究採用定性研究方法，對21名城市老人進行了深度訪談，調查日期從2020年7月到2020年9月。在這21名受訪者中，女性是11人，男性是10人；60-74歲的老人有9名，12名老人在75歲以上；與他人同住的老人有10名，11位老人是獨居。

研究檢視了江門市老年人的健康狀況和居家養老方面的需求，包括住房滿意度、社區設施情況、患病者個人護理需要及生活水準、健康資訊獲取方式、社會支援途徑和方式、老年人喜歡的活動、上門服務的選擇情況、社會組織分佈情況、患病老人的經濟狀況、及智能設備使用情況。

根據被訪者的需要，本文從醫療費用、養老中心和活動、可承擔服務、資訊傳遞、智能設備、家用電器及家居維修等六個方面提出了幾點建議，希望可以提升老年人的生活質素，使他們可以在家安享晚年。

The High Street For Elderly : Visiting Japanese Silver Hair Market, Pak Hang, Eric Tang

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

The arising elderly group is slowing transforming our society, bringing both challenges and opportunities simultaneously. There is a new form of economy targeted the elderly consumers.

Financial Preparation And Needs Of Older People, Ting Cao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

When people enter the later phase of their lives, they are prone to have more uncertainties and face unique financial challenges in life. According to a report in 2014 from the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC), there are roughly 10 money-related life events or changes in one’s later life, namely: 1. planning for retirement; 2. changing housing needs; 3. starting another career; 4. coping with illness or disability; 5. converting savings into ongoing income; 6. losing partner; 7. dealing with attempted fraud or financial abuse; 8. caring for spouse or other family members; 9. travelling, and 10. making estate …

From Fear Of Death To Management Of Life : Inspirations From The Life And Death Education, Man Yin, Emily Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Talking about "death" has always been a taboo for most traditionally-minded Chinese. Even though people understand that nobody could escape from death, they rather want to have a discussion on one's "life" instead. However, does not bringing "death" up the table mean that this topic is unimportant and hence negligible?

Retirement Planning : Money Matters, Wai Sun, Derek Chun, Wai Yee, Annie Ng

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Retirement denotes a cut off from monetary income generated from employment, a change of lifestyle, and the emergence of specific healthcare and social needs. A comprehensive retirement plan could be a more feasible approach for pre-retirees and retirees to cope with challenges brought by retirement.

Ageing-In-Place : Home Enhancement To Give Elderly A "Dream Home", Man Yin, Emily Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Everyone has their own definition of "dream home", but there is always something in common - comfort and safety. Seniors prefer to stay in their own house for as long as possible, yet the inevitable decline of their physical functionality in the process of ageing has rendered some to rely on wheelchairs, canes and other aids. The original interior design might pose threats to them, making the house unsuitable for them.

In view of this service gap, collaborated with the Institute of Surveyors Building Surveying Cooperation, the Hong Kong Housing Society launched the "Elderly Safe Living Scheme" to enhance public …

Do You Know What I Want? : Revisiting Women Development Needs, Man Yin, Emily Chan, Wenyu, Angel Gao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Population Ageing continues to intensify in Hong Kong while the "Feminisation" of elderly population has become a prominent trend. Since an elderly's quality of life is closely related to his/her life-course experience, Asia-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies of Lingnan University (APIAS) accepted the Hong Kong Women Development Association's commission to develop the Women Development Index, so as to enable earlier intervention to improve women's later lives.

Must I Retire? : Optional Retirement As A Solution To Ageing Workforce, Wai Yee, Annie Ng, Wai Sun, Derek Chun, Chun Yin, Edwin Fok

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Like many developed societies, Hong Kong is suffering from a rapid ageing population, especially when taking into account the imminent retirement tide of the baby-boomers. According to the Census and Statistics Department, the proportion of the ageing population is projected to rise sharply from 13% in 2011 to 30% in 2041, making Hong Kong a "Hyper-aged Society."

Since most organisations require their older employees to leave the workforce when these employees are reaching retirement age, the experienced, skillful, and still able-to-work manpower will be completely wasted, which severely lower the city's productivity due to a shrinking labour force. In addition, …

婆婆的原宿 : 遊日本看銀髮市場, Pak Hang, Eric Tang

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

伴隨著人口不斷老化的趨勢，長者群組日益龐大，他們在不知不覺間改變著我們的社會。人口老化雖帶來種種挑戰，但也包含商機，有不少人正看準了這個新興市場，建立多姿多彩的銀髮經濟。

長者理財挑戰多 及早教育增保障, Ting Cao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

當人們進入人生的後半段，需要面對更多的不確定性及特別的財務挑戰。據加拿大財務及消費者機構 (FCAC) 在2014年的報告，長者在生命後期，大致要面對十個有關於財務方面的挑戰，分別是：1.為退休作計劃；2.住房改變的需要；3.再就業；4.疾病與殘疾的適應；5.將儲蓄轉變為不間斷收入；6.失去配偶或者同伴；7.處理可能出現的財務詐騙或者財務虐待；8.對親人或伴侶的照顧；9.旅遊；和10.房產安排。

從懼怕死亡到管理生命 : 「晚晴+Ve」殘疾長者生命教育計劃的啟示, Man Yin, Emily Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

傳統中國人視「死亡」為忌諱，即使深明每個人終將難逃一死，很多人仍會本著「只談氐，避談死」的心態，選擇避而不談「死亡」。難道不談，就代表其不重要且可以被忽略？

退休準備 : 豐儉不由人, Wai Sun, Derek Chun, Wai Yee, Annie Ng

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

退休意味著失去固定工作收入，亦標誌著生活方式的轉變，同時也會衍生出一系列的健康及社交需要。因此，應制訂一個全面的退休計劃，讓退休人士和準退休人士可更好地應對退休帶來的挑戰。

家居改善減危險 原址安老樂頤年, Man Yin, Emily Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

人人對「安樂窩」的定義都不同，但必定有一個共通元素：必須令人感覺舒適安全。長者普遍希望留在原來的「安樂窩」生活，但隨著年齡增長、身體機能減弱，部分長者失能愈見嚴重，需倚靠輪椅、扶手杖等輔助工具移動。昔日居所室內設計或會變得危機四伏，不再適合他們居住。

有感現時很多居所並不能滿足長者的住屋需要，香港房屋協會與測量師學會建築測量組合作，推出「長者住安心計劃」，藉路演和講座等公眾教育、諮詢服務以及家居評估，提升市民大眾對無障礙家居設計的認識。

子非魚，焉知魚樂乎? : 重訪女性發展需求, Man Yin, Emily Chan, Wenyu, Angel Gao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

香港老龄化情況加劇，而老年人口女性化的趨勢也更加明顯。由於長者群組之生活質素與其生命歷程有著密切的關係，因此嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心就接受香港婦聯的委託，翼透過建立婦女發展指標，儘早介入以助改善女性之晩年生活。

人老就退休? : 以彈性退休解勞動人口老化挑戰, Wai Yee, Annie Ng, Wai Sun, Derek Chun, Chun Yin, Edwin Fok

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

和很多已發展社會一樣，香港人口也在快速老化，特別是大批戰後嬰兒潮的人口日益步入退休年齡，更加劇了香港的老齡化問題。據政府統計處統計數據顯示，香港老齡人口佔總人口數的比率將會由2011年的13%急速增長 到2041年的30%，屆時香港將進入“超老齡社會”。

大部分機構都嚴格規定了僱員的退休年齡，僱員離開熟悉的工作崗位，不僅嚴重浪費了一批有經驗、技術和能力的勞動力，亦因此削弱了整個城市的生產力。再者，在未來幾十年，隨著年長僱員陸續離開勞工市場，他們對於 社會保障以及其他福利的需求將持續增加。

Dialogues - About "U"

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

No abstract provided.

Columnist - Implementing Mediation To Solve Parental Maintenance Conflicts, King Yung, Anna Tang

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

The world has changed. As industrialisation and urbanisation supersede agricultural society and technological innovation is valued more than experience accumulation, and as universal values including freedom, democracy, and human rights flourish, the concept of intergenerational equality has replaced traditional mentality. The function of family has been gradually undermined, rendering the traditional practice of "bringing up children to provide against old age" obsolete. Hong Kong has recently seen the number of elderly neglect, abandonment, violence and abuse incidents skyrocket. It is pitiful that affection amongst family members has become so fragile, and whether our elderly can live a honourable late life …

Asia - Pacific Panaroma - Development Of Pension In China From A Historical Perspective, Ting Cao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Traditionally in Chinese society, raising children to get support in old age had been the social norm and ethical value which people complied. Family took the main responsibility for taking care of older parents, and it was only when family could not afford to do so would society provide help. In a society where agriculture was the basis of economy, individuals would continue to work in the field as long as they could so as to earn a living, which is to say, in most cases, people would not stop working because of reaching a certain age, not to mention …

Training - Hong Kong Elderly Care Service Industry : Human Resources Training And Qualifications Framework Development, Chun Yin Fok

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

In order to facilitate life-long learning, the Hong Kong SAR Government officially launched the Qualifications Framework (QF) in 2008. The aim of QF is to "set clear goals and directions for continuous learning to obtain quality-assured qualifications. In the long run, it will help enhance the overall quality and competitiveness of the local workforce.

The QF used in Hong Kong is a qualification classification system with 7 Generic Levels, covering different interfaces such as academic, vocational and continuing education. Its objective is to provide employees with a clear pathway to further education and development, which allows individuals to draw up …

Highlights

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

No abstract provided.

Trend - Retirement Planning For Quality Retirement Life, Pak Hang Tang

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

The Wong couple is in their 50s now and has a son in secondary school. Earning around HK$30,000 per month, they don't find it too difficult to afford their $10,000 monthly rent and other living expenditures. However, they can't help but give a frown upon their future: After their retirement in 10 years, their living expenses will solely depend on their son whose income is yet unpredictable, yet their personal saving and Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) may not last for long.

Many Hong Kong citizens are facing similar situations. With the extending longevity, many have more than 20 years of …

Research - Shall We Talk About Filial Piety?, Man Yin Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Several cases of "parents murdering" have been reported in Hong Kong recently, which raised the alarm that whether teenagers nowadays have no sense of "Filial Piety". So how important is filial piety to the younger generation? To find out, Commission on Youth has commissioned Asis-Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies through Home Affairs Bureau to conduct a research entitled " Views on Filial Piety among Youth in Hong Kong".

Research - Exploring Joint Tcm And Western Treatment In Curing Gynaecological Disease, Man Yin Chan, Chun Kiu, Tony Lai

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Gynaecological diseases can only be found in women, although the state of illness is generally not severe, it is not easy to be "rooted-out". Yet, symptoms as brought by Gynaecological diseases will result in prolonged disturbance to patients' normal livelihood. For example, patients suffering from Anemia often feel dizzy, and women with gynaecological inflammation feel painful from time to time, etc. These illnesses adversely affect patients' quality of life.

People - 40 Years Of Social Work, Life-Long Service To The Community : Mr. Chi-Tong Lai, Bbs, Mh, Chun Kiu, Tony Lai, Man Yin Chan

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Mr. Chi-tong Lai is veteran social worker who worked in the field for over 40 years before retirement. Having been Head of AKA (formerly Aberdeen Kai-fong Welfare Association) for over 3 decades and overseen over 20 service units, involving youth and elderly services, community development and social enterprises, he is particularly expert in organizing regional and territory-wide functions. For nearly half a century, Mr. Lai has not stopped his contribution to the society via voluntary work, that he continued to take up responsibilities of consultancy and other public services, including Honorary Financial Secretary of CIFA as well as Member of …

Feature - From Pupil To Teacher : Macau Overtakes Hong Kong As The Regional Role Model In Ageing Policy, Chun Kiu, Tony Lai

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

Back in the colonial era, the Portuguese Macau Government handled city management less comprehensively in comparison to its British Hong Kong counterpart, such that Macau has mostly looked to Hong Kong for inspiration in policy making, as both cities share a similar culture. Such a trend has basically remained unchanged even after the return of sovereignties of both cities. However, while elderly policy development has stagnated in Hong Kong, Macau has already caught up or even pulled away. What is the next step for Hong Kong? And how has Macau's foresight shown the way forward for Hong Kong's ageing policy?

Recent Development

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

No abstract provided.

留聲區 - 我眼中的「你」

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

No abstract provided.

智者專欄 - 引入調解制度 處理贍養父母糾紛的實踐, King Yung, Anna Tang

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

時代轉變，工業化、城市化取代農耕社會，科技創新遠勝經驗累積；自由、民主、人權等普世價值的興起，兩代平等的概念，逐漸取代了傳統思想。家庭功能漸被削弱|傳統觀念「養兒防老」再也不是天經地義之事。近年香港，疏忽照顧、棄養、爭產、家暴及虐老數字不斷飈升，親情為何變得如此脆弱淡薄令人嘆惜|長者如何能得以善養終老備受關切。

有許多國家、地區，透過賁施稅務、房屋、發展長者產業服務等優惠政策，鼓勵子女與父母同住，但家庭結構、分工、個人價值觀的轉變，兩代取向的差異，出現「同住難」的問題。也有些國家透過立法規範子女必須贍養父母，誠然，立法可以立竿見影，但傳統華人社會一向有「厭訟」、「懼訟」的觀念，有「生不入官府•死不進地獄」的說法。所謂「家醜不可外揚」，做父母的認為到法院向子女追討米飯錢是件丟臉的事，因此要達到令有需要的父母得到有能力的子女給予供養的目的，單靠「高壓」的立法手段，深恐傷害家庭成員的感情。引入調解制度處理贍養父母糾紛可補救對抗制訴訟對家庭成員造成感情的傷害•也可以緩和「同住難」的氛圍。

放眼亞太 - 從歷史發展看中國的退休保障制度, Ting Cao

Asia Pacific Institute of Ageing Studies Newsletter 亞太老年學研究通訊

在傳統中國社會，養兒防老一直是人們所遵從的社會道德規範和倫理價值。贍養父母主要職責在於家庭，只有當家庭由於各種原因而無力承擔養老責任時，社會才會加以援手。而在農業佔主要地位的經濟基礎上，個人只要是能力許可，都會繼續勞動以維持生計，在大多數情況下並不會因到了某一年紀而停止勞作，更未有退休之。