Criminology Commons^™

Mock Juror Perceptions Of Police Shootings: The Effects Of Victim Race And Shooting Justifiability, Jessica Huff, Muaricio J. Alvarez, Monica K. Miller

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Recent police shootings of African Americans have led citizens to question police officers’ use of force. Thus, it is important to determine whether mock jurors can distinguish between justifiable and unjustifiable police shootings—and whether their judgements depend on victim race. Media attention could lead jurors to be more punitive in cases in which an officer shoots an African American (compared to Caucasian) victim. A punitive verdict would reflect society’s opposition to such shootings, as suggested by the bandwagon effect. In a 2 (Shooting: Justified/Unjustified) x 2 (Victim’s race: African American/ Caucasian) experiment, mock jurors read a trial summary involving a …

Financial Barriers And Utilization Of Medical Services In Prison: An Examination Of Co-Payments, Personal Assets, And Individual Characteristics, Brian R. Wyant Phd, Holly M. Harner

Journal for Evidence-based Practice in Correctional Health

Although research has found that requiring incarcerated individuals to pay fees for medical service decreases use, there are still important unanswered questions about this association: 1) Is the copayment fee a barrier to those seeking medical attention? 2) If so, what individual factors are associated with viewing the copayments as the reason to avoid seeing a medical professional? Using 2012 survey data collected from 45 incarcerated persons housed in a maximum security prison on the East Coast, it was discovered that over 70% of the men surveyed reported avoiding medical services at least once in the past three months due …

Cowan, Gilbert, 1903-1969 (Sc 3316), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scans (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3316. Letters, 28 July and 18 November 1931, of Gilbert Cowan, written to his brother Finley Cowan in Cannons Mill, Clinton County, Kentucky, while Gilbert was an inmate at the Kentucky State Reformatory in Frankfort, Kentucky. He asks Finley to help arrange a recommendation for him to the superintendent of the prison school, and doubts that he, unlike other inmates, will be able to apply for a reduced sentence. He also wishes he could attend church with Finley in order to “get me a gal.” The institutional …

When Data Do Not Matter: Exploring Public Perceptions Of Terrorism, Erin M. Kearns, Allison E. Betus, Anthony F. Lemieux

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Public perceptions of terrorism are out of line with reality. How can perceptions be changed? Using a 4 × 2 experimental design with a national sample of U.S. adults, we examine how source of information and details provided impact views of terrorism. Sources, details, and individual-level factors—Islamophobia, trust in media, and trust in science—impact perceived accuracy of terrorism data. Many people updated their views on terrorism after reading factual information, yet only trust in science was related with this change. In short, people can be persuaded by factual information on terrorism, but it is less clear why they change beliefs.

Symbolically Annihilating Female Police Officer Capabilities: Cultivating Gendered Police Use Of Force Expectations, Howard Henderson

Center for Justice Research Reports

This first step cultivation analysis examines the quantity, temporal dynamics, and stance of muni-cipal police officer use of force depictions based on the gender of the officer. The 112 theatri-cally released films that comprise the core cop film genre were systematically identified. Subsequently, a population of 468 police use of force scenes was identified to serve as the units of analysis for this study. Findings revealed male officer use of force scenes appeared across all 40 years of films. Female officer use of force scenes, however, were highly restricted to specific films, years, and often dwarfed by male scenes within …

Who Experiences Violent Victimization And Who Accesses Services? Findings From The National Crime Victimization Survey For Expanding Our Reach, Heather Warnken, Janet Lauritsen

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Research Brief One-Sheet – No. 9: On-Duty Shootings: Police Officers Charged With Murder Or Manslaughter, 2005-2019, Philip M. Stinson, Chloe Wentzlof

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

This research is part of a larger study of police crime—that is, crime committed by nonfederal sworn law enforcement officers with general powers of arrest—across the United States. In 2014, after several fatal on-duty police shootings garnered national media attention, our principal investigator, Philip Stinson, conducted a joint research project with The Washington Post to count the number of police officers charged with murder or manslaughter resulting from an on-duty shooting where the officer shot and killed someone. The results of the joint research project were published in The Washington Post on April 12, 2015, and The Washington Post was …

Separate But Equal? A Look At Michigan Public School Districts, Travis Michalak

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that schools that are separate are inherently unequal and that the desegregation of schools should take effect with “all deliberate speed.” Decades later, there are still schools whose student bodies are comprised of over 90% minority students. The following study aimed to understand the relationship between minority segregated schools and their graduation rates, as well as the relationship between student poverty rates and the racial composition of schools and the resulting effect these variables have on school funding. Using data collected from the Michigan School database, this study …

College Students’ Views On Drug Policy In The United States: The Impact Of Reading Michelle Alexander’S The New Jim Crow, Richard D. Clark, Gloria S. Vaquera, Kenneth S. Chaplin

2019 Faculty Bibliography

Using a quasi-experimental research design to test the “Marshall Hypothesis,” we investigated the effects of reading Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration and the Age of Colorblindness on college students’ views of drug policy in the United States. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate stu- dents at a predominantly white Midwest university took part in this study. Test subjects read the text and took both a pre- and posttest questionnaire, while a control group of students, who did not read the book, was also surveyed concerning their views on drug policies. Additionally, reflective essays written by the test population …

Preparing Police Leaders Of The Future: An Educational Needs Assessment, Laura Huey, Hina Kalyal, Hillary Peladeau

Sociology Publications

Given that there is very little research available – in Canada or elsewhere – on police leadership education and training, and police are being challenged to work in increasingly complex decision and task environments, an empirical analysis in this area is both timely and of significance utility for shaping both public policy and police practice. This study answers the following research questions:

RQ1. What forms of police leader education and training currently exist for Canadian police leaders?

RQ2. Are these courses and/or programs suitable for the needs of police leaders given the demands they face?

To answer these questions, we …

An Absence Of Evidence: Mapping The Evidence/Gaps, Themes And Other Issues With Canadian Research On Missing Persons, Laura Huey

Sociology Publications

No abstract provided.

Ua12/8 Annual Campus Safety & Security Report, Wku Police

WKU Administration Documents

This report is designed to provide students, potential students, parents, facility and staff with crime statistics and information on university services and crime prevention programs.

The Justice System Is Criminal, Raven Delfina Otero-Symphony

2020 Award Winners

No abstract provided.

Poverty To Prison Pipeline, Tishawna Jones

Petersheim Academic Exposition

No abstract provided.

Criminalizing Poverty: How Current Drug Policies Harm Poor Communities, Adrianna Satorski

Petersheim Academic Exposition

No abstract provided.

The Drug Economy And Youth Interventions: An Exploratory Research Project On Working With Young People Involved In The Illegal Drugs Trade, Matt Bowden

Reports

No abstract provided.

Media Effects And Criminal Profiling: How Fiction Influences Perception And Profile Accuracy, Asha Bolton

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation was to investigate whether media and fictional information that is observed daily can influence perception to build a criminal psychological profile. Staggering between a distinguished art and science, the term profiling has been known by several different names – including criminal profiling, psychological profiling, offender profiling and more. Bandura (2009) believed that exposure to television and other media feeds into a socially constructed reality, where the audience is inevitably influenced by the beliefs and cognitions of observed media. The researcher believed that exposure to media can either influence criminal profiling and investigations with increasing accuracy …

การแปลงเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมและความสำเร็จในการกลับคืนสู่สังคม: จากนักโทษสู่นักกีฬาอาชีพ, พรรณวดี คำไชยวงค์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการแปลงเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมและความสำเร็จในการกลับคืนสู่สังคมของผู้เคยเป็นนักโทษสู่การเป็นนักกีฬาอาชีพ ศึกษาแนวทางการใช้กีฬาเพื่อฟื้นฟูผู้กระทำผิดและลดการกระทำผิดซ้ำ ใช้วิธีศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพโดยการค้นคว้าข้อมูลจากเอกสารทางวิชาการที่เกี่ยวข้องและการสัมภาษณ์แบบเจาะลึก เลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างด้วยวิธีการเฉพาะเจาะจง โดยการศึกษาแบบกรณีศึกษา กลุ่มผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญของการศึกษาวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพของการศึกษาวิจัยเรื่องนี้ คือ นักกีฬาอาชีพผู้ซึ่งเคยเป็นนักโทษ ผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิในระดับนโยบาย ผู้บริหารค่าย/สโมสรที่นักกีฬาสังกัดอยู่ และเพื่อนร่วมงานรวมถึงผู้ใกล้ชิด รวมทั้งสิ้น 22 ราย เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลคือแบบสัมภาษณ์ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยพรรณนาเชิงวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการแปลงเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมและความสำเร็จในการกลับคืนสู่สังคม ประกอบด้วย 1) แรงจูงใจ ประกอบด้วย แรงจูงใจภายนอก คือการมีเป้าหมายในความสำเร็จ การได้รับโอกาส การเป็นที่ยอมรับ การได้รับการยกย่องว่าเป็นแบบอย่าง การมีรายได้ที่เพียงพอในการดูแลครอบครัวและใช้จ่ายส่วนตัว และแรงจูงใจภายในประกอบด้วย การรับรู้ในความสามารถตนเอง ความรู้สึกว่ามีคุณค่า และความกลัวที่ต้องกลับไปรับโทษหากกระทำผิดซ้ำ 2) สภาพแวดล้อมที่ดีทางสังคม คือ ครอบครัวและเพื่อน 3) การฟื้นฟูและแก้ไขผู้กระทำผิดจากในเรือนจำ คือ การปรับเปลี่ยนทัศนคติและพฤติกรรมในระหว่างการรับโทษด้วยการใช้กีฬา โดยกรมราชทัณฑ์ได้ใช้กีฬาเพื่อฟื้นฟูผู้กระทำผิดซ้ำ เสริมสร้างสมรรถภาพร่างกาย พัฒนาด้านจิตใจ ส่งเสริมระเบียบวินัย รวมถึงมีการสนับสนุนนักโทษที่มีความสามารถในกีฬาเฉพาะด้าน ให้เข้ารับการแข่งขันในรายการต่าง ๆ ตลอดจนโครงการด้านกีฬาจากภาครัฐและเอกชนที่ให้ความร่วมมือในการสร้างโอกาสในการกลับคืนสู่สังคม

การวิเคราะห์บทบาทและการทำหน้าที่ “คนกลาง” ในกระบวนการยุติธรรมเชิงสมานฉันท์, มณีรัตน์ ชื่นเจริญ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

จากผลการศึกษาพบว่าสภาพปัญหาและอุปสรรคในการทำหน้าที่ของคนกลางภายในหน่วยงานของกระบวนการยุติธรรมในสังคมไทยนั้นเกิด คนกลางยังขาดความรู้ความเข้าใจในหลักการพื้นฐานของกระบวนการยุติธรรมอย่างแท้จริง ในด้านบุคลากรปฏิบัติงานนั้นพบปัญหาในเรื่องคุณสมบัติ เทคนิค ทักษะ การสมัครใจ และความเป็นกลางของคนกลาง การมีบุคลากรที่ไม่เพียงพอ และค่าตอบแทนของบุคลากรในการปฏิบัติงานยังไม่เหมาะสม ในส่วนของปัญหาและอุปสรรคด้านกระบวนการและการบริหารจัดการในการดำเนินงานนั้นหากคนกลางไม่เตรียมความพร้อมก่อนเข้าสู่กระบวนการและในระหว่างการดำเนินการไม่สามารถควบคุมสถานการณ์ความขัดแย้งที่เกิดขึ้นได้ก็จะทำให้กระบวนการฯ ไม่สำเร็จ ส่วนทางด้านปัญหาและอุปสรรคด้านนโยบายนั้นพบว่าขาดนโยบาย แนวทาง การติดตามประเมินผลและแรงจูงใจในการปฏิบัติงานที่ต่อเนื่อง ส่วนผลการวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบการทำหน้าที่ของคนกลางในกระบวนการยุติธรรมเชิงสมานฉันท์ระหว่างหน่วยงานกระบวนการยุติธรรมของสังคมไทยและหลักการพื้นฐานฯ ขององค์การสหประชาชาติพบว่าการทำหน้าที่ของคนกลางนั้นมีความสอดคล้องกับหลักการพื้นฐานฯ โดยคนกลางจะมีบทบาทและทำหน้าที่เป็นผู้อำนวยความสะดวกในการเตรียมการประชุม ดำเนินการประชุม ทำการประเมินและตอบสนองต่อความต้องการของแต่ละฝ่าย พร้อมทั้งพัฒนาและดำเนินการตามแผนลดความเสี่ยง และปฏิบัติต่อผู้เข้าร่วมอย่างเป็นธรรม บริหารจัดการเวลาให้เพียงพอสำหรับกระบวนการเพื่อให้ประสบความสำเร็จ และมีการติดตามผลทั้งกับผู้กระทำความผิดเพื่อให้มั่นใจว่าได้ปฏิบัติตามข้อตกลงแล้ว และกับผู้เสียหายว่าได้รับการชดใช้เยียวยาตามข้อตกลง ในส่วนของข้อเสนอแนะและแนวทางที่เหมาะสมในการทำหน้าที่คนกลางในกระบวนการยุติธรรมเชิงสมานฉันท์นั้นพบว่าคนกลางควรมีองค์ความรู้และเข้าใจในหลักการอย่างแท้จริง และควรให้มีการเพิ่มบุคลาการปฏิบัติงาน พร้อมทั้งจะต้องผ่านการฝึกอบรม เทคนิค และทักษะ รวมทั้งจะต้องมีนโยบายอย่างต่อเนื่องในการให้ความสำคัญและการใช้กระบวนการยุติธรรมเชิงสมานฉันท์

Women, Domestic Violence Service Providers, And Knowledge Of Technology-Related Abuse, Nadine White

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many victims of domestic violence face continued exposure to abuse through technology because intimate partners may use technology as weapon against them. Some domestic violence service professionals lack necessary information or training to educate victims. The impact on victims has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to assess the impact on women when domestic violence service providers do not provide current information about technology-related abuse to promote safety when providing service to victims. The conceptual framework was the Duluth model of power and control and the feminist perspective on intimate partner violence. The primary …

Certainty Versus Suspicion: Incapacitated Sexual Assault On Campus, Amanda Ellen Quade

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

One in four women experience sexual assault during college. With rates of sexual assault on college campuses continuing to increase, the need for advanced analysis utilizing contemporary variables is justified. The purpose of this quantitative study was to compare two groups of female college-attending students. One group was certain and the other suspected that they were sexually assaulted while incapacitated (independent variables). Dependent variables compared between groups were offender type (interest on offenders with fraternal affiliations), law enforcement reporting decisions, and barriers to reporting sexual assault. Four research questions measured whether there was a statistically significant difference amongst the dependent …

Central California's Juvenile/Dependency And Criminal Courts' Treatment Of Parent-Child Contact, Cheryl Oslinker Spano

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Parties to a legal action of child abuse can be prosecuted criminally as well as charged with allegations within the jurisdiction of juvenile/dependency court. This can lead to seemingly conflicting goals regarding contact and visitation between the two parties (victim and defendant; child and parent). In essence, restraining orders or visitation orders from one court can contradict the case goals of another court. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to (a) determine if there is a pattern of inconsistent goals in cases of concurrent jurisdictional child-abuse cases, (b) evaluate the effect of conflicting court orders on each jurisdiction's …

Perceptions, Lived-Experiences, And Environmental Factors Impacting The Crime-Reporting Practices Of Private College Students, Kelly Lynn Arney

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this study was assessing the perceptions of student's on how the campus climate impacts their likelihood of reporting crime. Victimization studies have been conducted at large universities and community colleges; however, there remains a lack of research regarding private colleges. This study was designed to examine the reasoning behind students' crime-reporting behaviors and the influencers that impact their decisions. Cohen and Felson's routine activity theory along with the collective-efficacy theory were used as frameworks to analyze the crimes that occur to college students as well as to explore the reasons for not reporting some crimes to law …

National Strategy Against Narcotics, Drug Control Policy, And Law Enforcement Experiences In Kosovo, Ferid Azemi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This research is focused on evaluation of National Strategy Against Narcotics (NSAN) enacted in 2012 in Kosovo. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of NSAN through visualizing data and gaining deeper insight from experiences of antidrug experts. Convergent parallel mixed methods were used to answer the main research questions. The central research questions examined the impact of strategy implementation in juvenile drug arrest reduction, and its effectiveness on Kosovo criminal justice system. Markwood's comprehensive theory of substance abuse prevention (CTSAP) was used to assess and explore the NSAN. Deidentified juvenile arrest rates taken from Kosovo official …

Relationship Between Race, Gender, And Elder Abuse Awareness, James Earl Burrell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lack of elder abuse awareness and underreporting is an increasing problem in the United States in that only 1 in 14 cases of elder abuse is reported. The failure to report incidents of elder abuse and suspected elder abuse allows further abuse of elders and for elder abusers to go unpunished. The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to understand the relationship between race, gender, and elder abuse awareness and fill the gap in elder abuse literature. Research questions tested mean differences between race and gender, respectively, and elder abuse awareness. The theoretical frameworks for this study were the …

Valuation Of Ex-Offender Motivation For Participation In A Restorative Justice Praxis, Kenneth Lang

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Restorative justice (RJ) is an emerging concept of justice in the American penal system that seeks equality for all stakeholders involved. While RJ is vastly under researched--especially concerning RJ and violent offenses--current studies have only focused on determining victims' motivations for participating in RJ. Determining and evaluating offender motivations for participating in RJ remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible motivations of criminal offenders and their willingness to participate in RJ. The social construction framework and the narrative policy framework were employed to understand the social context. A mixed-method approach was used that began with …

Psychological Characteristics Of Sex Offenders, Patrick Mcmunn

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Current therapeutic treatment methods are ineffective in identifying at-risk sex offenders and reducing recidivism of known offenders, likely due to inadequate identification of specific traits of sex offenders. Previous research and prominent theories in the area of sex offender treatment, in terms of the biological foundation of substance abuse, behaviors of sex offenders, and the presence of aggression, helped to guide this research. Data about sex offenders were collected, as reported by mental health professionals who treat them and focused on three characteristics: maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviors, on which the research questions were formed to detect commonality. …

Assessing Perceptions Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among A Cohort Of Noncontracted Rotc Cadets, Stephen P. Gontz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Stigmatization has shown to negatively impact service members with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Published research has shown stigma to significantly affect service members through increased suicide, homicide, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal justice system interaction rates. Additionally, stigma also affects overall readiness and cohesion of the military organization. However, little research has focused on the perceptions of Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets about service members with a combat-related stress disorder in which they will eventually be charged with leading. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure a cohort of ROTC cadets and determine their perceptions about service members …

Psychosocial Differences In Far Right, Far Left, Islamic, And Single Issue Lone Extremists, Tamara Marie Lamontagne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Acts of lone extremism are on the rise, yet little is known about who commits these acts. Research in this area has failed to delineate by extremist subtype. This has led to the misconception these acts and actors present with such variance psychosocially that they cannot be predicted. The purpose of this research was to assess whether statistically significant relationships exist between lone extremist subtypes on the psychosocial variables of mental illness, substance use, and having radicalized friends or family members. The conceptual framework for this study was De La Corte's psychosocial principles of terrorism, which addressed the social and …

Individuals Who Sell Drugs Placed In Treatment: The Perspective Of Their Counselors, Natasha Herbert

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals who sell drugs are often mandated by legal forces to substance abuse treatment because of their criminal offenses and the belief they may have a drug problem. Previous researchers have noted this population may be disruptive in the treatment process, but it has not been explored in depth. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to learn the lived experiences of counselors who work with individuals who report a primary problem of selling drugs, not substance abuse, who are mandated to a substance abuse treatment program. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted with counselors who have worked with individuals …