Leisure Studies Commons^™

Toward A Sustainable Tourism And Recreation Industry In Montana: An Examination Of Concepts And Industry Perceptions , Stephen F. Mccool, Chuck Burgess, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Addresses the issue of sustainable tourism in Montana in terms of what sustainable tourism means, how to make tourism sustainable, and what tourism should sustain. Literature addresses these questions as well as perceptions by the industry.

Montana Vision Travel Research: 1998, Norma P. Nickerson, Kim Mcmahon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlook for 1998 and Review of 1997.

Leisure And Delinquency: A Comparative Study Of The Link Between Leisure Activities And Delinquency, Patricia L. Brougham

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

For decades policymakers, among others, have assumed that involving juveniles in leisure/recreation somehow prevents them from engaging in misbehavior and/or leisure/recreation has rehabilitative value for delinquents. The belief seems to be that involvement in leisure/recreation changes juveniles so they will be less likely to engage in delinquent behavior in the future. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between delinquency and leisure/recreation by comparing samples of high school students with juveniles who were on probation for delinquent behavior.

There were three statistical comparisons made. First, statistical analyses were used to determine whether there were gender differences. …

Building The Research Foundations Of Outdoor Education, Karen M. Fox, Leo H. Mcavoy, Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 4 is presented by the authors on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

An Integrative Review Of The Literature On Women In The Outdoors, Karla Henderson, Nina Roberts

Research in Outdoor Education

The intent of this integrative re­view was to examine approaches used in the existing literature about women and the outdoors, to determine the status of current research, and to suggest implica­tions for the future.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 1994, 1996 and 1998 Symposia and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition office.

This article …

"A Sense Of Competence." Re-Conceptualizing Issues Of Competence For Women In Outdoor Education, T. A. Loeffler

Research in Outdoor Education

Competence development in outdoor education is a complex process that is shaped by gender-role socialization, learning environments, and by individual differences. Outdoor educators need to further their un­derstanding of this process so they can fully empower themselves and their students. Outdoor programs need to be designed to support the development of both compe­tence in outdoor skills and a sense of com­petence in these skills so program partici­pants will be able to fully participate in out­door activities. This abstract provides an introduction to the issue of competence de­velopment and further discussion of this topic is available in Loeffler (1997).

Self-Efficacy And Adventure Programs: Transferring Outcomes To Everyday Life, Todd Paxton, Leo H. Mcavoy

Research in Outdoor Education

In the field of outdoor education, the be­lief that outdoor adventure programs have the ability to increase the participants' self-efficacy has long been. used to defend program existence and to give more credi­bility to the discipline (Berman & Ber­man, 1994; Cockrell, 1991; Ewert, 1989; Miles & Priest, 1990). Although outdoor adventure programs are based on the as­sumption that a positive effect on indi­viduals' self-efficacy will carry over into the participants' lives after the course, there is little empirical research on this topic. In Hattie, Marsh, Neill, & Richards' (1997) meta-analysis of research on adventure programs, they point out the need …

Factors Affecting The Personal And Social Outcomes Of Organized Camping, Marta K. Moorman

Research in Outdoor Education

Summer camp holds a special place in the minds of children. thoughts of camp bring images of swimming, hiking, laughing and making new friends. According to Dustiri (1989), the secret of organized camping is that camp is on a finite, human scale. Anyone can make a difference in their own comer of the world. Another important aspect of camp (Dustin, 1994) is creating a place for children to be children, not ''minia­ture adults" (p.28). Chenery (1984) sees the essential contribution of camp as. providing children with a space for spiritual development. Many factors could influence what sort of experiences campers …

Outdoor Leader Self Awareness And Its Relationship To Co-Leaders' Perceptions Of Influence, Mark C. Wagstaff

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to ex­amine the relationship between outdoor leader self-awareness and co-leaders' per­ceptions of leader influence. Self­-awareness was based on the concept of self-actualization (Maslow, 1968, 1970, 1971). The construct of influence was operationalized as power (French & Ra­ven, 1959).

Validity And Reliability Of The Outdoor Education Practicum Questionnaire, Thomas J. Quinn

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to de­sign a reliable and valid instrument to measure perceived levels of anxiety of students en­rolled in a resident outdoor adventure educa­tion course, and to support a four factor model of perceived levels of anxiety of students in such programs. The four proposed factors or latent variables include: 1) Level of Control, 2) Program Inadequacies, 3) Personal Inade­quacies, and 4) Level of Comfort.

Validating Predictors To Determine Optimal Adventure In Whitewater Kayaking, Chris D. Jones, Steven J. Hollenhurst

Research in Outdoor Education

This study attempts to validate predictors of optimal adventure within an on-site whitewater kayaking setting using a modification of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Based on the flow theory and Martin and Priest's (1986) Adventure Experience Paradigm, it was expected that measures of challenge-skill and risk-competence would be correlated and predict indicators of an optimal or peak adventure experience. Additionally, it was expected that differences would be found in the levels of perceived challenge and risk according to the difficulty of river stages.

Pitfalls To Avoid In Adventure Education Outcome Research, Jim Sibthorp

Research in Outdoor Education

There has been much consensus that adventure education needs more theory building and theory testing, yet the meth­odological problems associated with much of the empirical and quantitative research are making this a daunting task. Future . research endeavors should (a) make com­parisons t}lat make sense, (b) use random assignment to experimental and con­trol/comparison groups, (c) use and report appropriate statistical procedures, ( d) take care to assess validity of research instru­ments for populations under study, (e) be willing to openly discuss project biases and limitations.

Efficacy Of A Tr Self-Esteem Program For Adolescents With Emotional Disturbances In A Treatment Setting, Ramon B. Zabriskie

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a modularized therapeutic recreation self-esteem program (that included outdoor adventure based components) provided for adolescents in a residential treatment center. Data were also collected on demographic variables including age, gender, and ethnicity. Subjects consisted of 112 adolescent patients ranging from ages 12 to 17, with an average length of stay of nine months to one year.

Learning Outdoor Recreation Skills In A Safe Place: Lessons From A Single Sex Program, Deb Jordan

Research in Outdoor Education

The primary intent of this study was to ascertain the reasons women participate in single-sex outdoor recreation workshops to learn outdoor recreation skills. A secondary issue was to identify reasons for participation in outdoor recreation activities.

Evaluating Short Term And Long Term Retention Of Experiences Associated With An Interpretive School Field Trip, Jim Sibthorp, Doug Knapp

Research in Outdoor Education

The strong evidence that an interpre­tive experience can promote initial knowl­edge retention sets up a more difficult ques­tion: how long do these students hold on to . this information? More precisely, what do the students remember one month or more after the initial treatment? Are these memo­ries associated with interpreter-derived pro­gram objectives or tertiary variables such as social or environmental factors? Can the memories from this experience impact a stu­dent's attitude toward the resource site? These are questions that are looked at through this pilot study evaluating short term and long term retention of experiences associated with an interpretive school …

The Future Of Research In Outdoor Education, Simon Priest

Research in Outdoor Education

Editor's Note: The CEO research sym­posia have always included working ses­sions on topics and issues of concern to participants. At the fourth symposium, the topic was no less than "the future of research in our field." Masterfully fa­cilitated by Simon Priest, symposium participants alternated between plenary sessions and smaller working groups and sought to develop agendas and strategies that might advance our field in important ways. Pleased with the re­sults, everyone asked Simon to prepare a summary, which he promptly did and distributed by e-mail. For- the record, we conclude these proceedings by printing Simon Priest's outline-style summary of this …

Controversial Issues In Adventure Education, Tom Potter, Scott Wurdinger

Research in Outdoor Education

The book, Controversial Issues in Adventure Education, will address some of the most controversial topics in the field of adventure education. It will consist of 15 questions set up in a debate format where adventure education professional will present opposing viewpoints on each issue.

A New Regulatory Environment For The Telecommunication Industry, Jerome Lavigne Delville

LLM Theses and Essays

The idea of information superhighways has been spurred by consumer demand, technological development and political institutions. These advancements and interests require a regulatory framework to control the operation of, and competition within the telecommunications industry. This paper focuses on government regulation of telecommunication carriers, information services (internet), video-programming and wireless telecommunication (spectrum). This paper also highlights the roles of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 as compared to previous laws prior to the 1996 Act.

Relationship Between Television Viewing And Physical Activity Levels Among College Students, Sarah Joan Brummer

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure time physical activity levels and time spent viewing television (including video or computer game play) among college students. Sub-problems included the physical activity profiles of males compared to females and the association between self-reported intensity of physical activity and time spent viewing television. The present study utilized a nonexperimental research design. Specifically, survey methodology using a self-report questionnaire was used as the means of data collection. The self-report questionnaire was designed to measure demographic characteristics, leisure time television viewing, and physical activity behaviors. A total of 789 students …

Montana Communities Explore Tourism Potential: Powder River, Laurel, And Hill Counties, Paul L. Grant, Norma P. Nickerson, Rita J. Black

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

As part of the Community Tourism Assessment Process (CTAP) of 1997, the residents of Powder River County, Laurel, and Hill County were surveyed to determine their opinions toward tourism development in their respective communities. The results were compared to a sample of statewide respondents.

Nonresident Summer Travelers To Montana: Profiles And Characteristics, Josie Parrish, Norma P. Nickerson, Kim Mcmahon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Results from the 1996 summer nonresident travel survey for all visitors as well as characterized by first time/repeat visitors, primary reason for trip to Montana, and type of travel group. Travel group characteristics, purpose of trip to Montana, attractions to Montana, length of stay and types of accommodations, information sources, activity participation, flexibility of travel plans, pre-trip planning, and demographics are provided for each type of traveler.

Nonresident Summer Travelers To Montana: Market Profiles, Josie Parrish, Norma P. Nickerson, Kim Mcmahon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Results from the 1996 summer nonresident travel survey for all visitors, cultural visitors, Canadian visitors, and highway and air travelers. Report provides visitor characteristics based on type of traveler.

The Business Of Agritourism/Recreation In Montana, Rita J. Black, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Presents data from a convenience sample of farms/ranches in Montana that operate recreation businesses. Specific data include agricultural demographic information (e.g., acreage and income), recreation business data (e.g., popularity of activities offered, reasons for operating a recreation business, obstacles), and marketing information (e.g., origin of guests).

Economic Impact Of Convention And Meetings To Montana: Methodological Attempts, Rita J. Black, Paul L. Grant

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlines the attempt to replicate a study in Montana orginally conducted nationally. The study was not completed because of an inability to obtain cooperation from the conference associations and hotel properties. This report explains the methodology and the difficulties encountered during the study attempt.

Montana Vision Travel Research: 1997, Norma P. Nickerson, Kim Mcmahon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlook for 1997 and Review of 1996

Three Communities Explore Tourism: Glacier County, Deer Lodge, And Livingston, Neal A. Christensen, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report covers existing nonresident visitation and expenditures in each community along with statewide comparisons. The report also presents results from resident opinion surveys conducted in each community and statewide.

Comparative Analysis Of Madison River Recreation Use, R. Neil Moisey

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report compares the characteristics of recreation use on the Madison River. This report is one of four separate documents from the 1994-95 Missouri Madison Recreation Survey.

1994-95 Missouri Madison Recreation Survey, R. Neil Moisey, Stephen F. Mccool, Eric Schultz

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Summarizes the results of a year-round recreation survey on a 300 mile section of the Madison and Missouri Rivers from October 1994 to September 1995. About 5,000 visitors completed questionnaires at 100 recreation sites.

Tables Of Visitor Characteristics By Recreation Site, R. Neil Moisey

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report contains tables for the 1994-95 Missouri Madison Recreation Survey by recreation site. This report is one of four separate documents from the study.