Leisure Studies Commons^™

Nonresident All Year & Four Season Comparison: Visitor Profile, Norma Nickerson, Bethany Sutton, Abby Aronofsky

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Provides a summary of characteristics of nonresident visitors to Montana during all seasons of 2001. This report is a compilation of each season along with full year totals. This short report only provides frequency tables of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior and some expenditures in the state.

An Economic Impact Assessment Of The American Bowling Congress Tournament In Billings, 2002, Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Findings discussed in this report include geographic residences of participants, group size and average length of stay, type of accommodations used, mode of transportation used in travel to Billings, parts of Montana visited outside Billings and participants' spending patterns. It also provides an account of the ABC Tournament's economic impact on Yellowstone County and an assessment of the impact on areas beyond the host city.

The Normative Structures Guiding Surfers' Perceptions About The Environment: An Exploratory Analysis Of Environmental Behavior And Environmental Concern, Jeffrey G. Toussaint

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among surfers and their behaviors and concerns towards the environment. The sample included 94 respondents to a survey posted through the Eastern Surf Association (ESA) website. This study proposed that respondents who reported that surfing was their primary outdoor recreational activity would have more environmental behavior and environmental concern than respondents who did not have surfing as their primary outdoor recreational activity. Demographic and other causal factors, were used to assess the effects on the level of a surfer's environmental behavior and concern. From these hypotheses, several other relationships are …

The Montana Nonresident Visitor: A Comparison Of Glacier, Yellowstone, And Non-Park Visitors, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report provides a profile of nonresident visitors to Montana who visited one or both of the national parks or neither park. It is based on a four-month study period from June through September of 2001 and describes visitors in terms of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior, visitor satisfaction and observation.

Interracial Couples Experience Of Leisure: A Social Network Approach, Dan K. Hibbler Ph.D.

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Faculty and Staff Works

There has been a significant amount of research that has indicated divergent

patterns of leisure participation among African Americans and European Americans;however, there has been a paucity of research that addresses the leisure patterns of interracial couples and families. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the leisure patterns of interracial couples and families, specifically African American and European American couples. A qualitative design was employed to gather in-depth interview data from six couples. The findings indicated that the interracial couples felt socially isolated in various aspects of daily life, including work, family, and leisure. The primary cause …

Nonresident Fall Visitor Profile: A Study Of Fall Visitors To Montana, Norma Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Provides an assessment of characteristics of nonresident fall visitors to Montana during the 2001 fall season. This report describes the fall visitor in terms of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior and expenditures in the state, as well as provides an updated estimate of economic impact of fall travelers in the state.

Analysis Of The Wilderness Experience On Commercially Guided Trips, Norma P. Nickerson, Clint Cook

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to describe commercially guided wilderness visitor experiences and the factors that influence the experience. The Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) was the area chosen for the study. Forty-one clients were interviewed at the trailhead exit immediately following their commercially guided horsepack trip into the BMWC. Five common Experience dimensions emerged from the data.

The Economic Review Of The Travel Industry In Montana: 2002 Biennial Edition, Thale Dillon, Jill Sanderson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This review provides current and historical data of nonresident travel and tourism in Montana, and offers the industry's economic contributions to the state.

We Want To Play Too, Peter J. Titlebaum, Kate Brennan, Tracy Chynoweth

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that persons with disabilities be integrated to the maximum extent possible, and that these persons cannot be excluded from participation. Intramural directors need to be proactive in this area. The benefits of intramural sports are vast, and they help many students become part of the college community.

Forming an alliance with the Disability Services on campus, the first step, is the most vital aspect of making these programs successful. It is important to remember the difference between what can be done and what must be done. Even with the best of intentions, it …

Exploring Tourism Development Potential: Resident Attitudes In Kalispell, Mt , Thale Dillon, Holly C. Praytor

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Results from a Resident Attitude Survey conducted in Kalispell, Montana. Residents were surveyed to determine opinions toward tourism development in their community. The results are compared to a sample of statewide attitudes toward tourism and includes current nonresident visitor profiles. This report is part of the 2001-2002 Community Tourism Assessment Process (CTAP).

Exploring Tourism Development Potential: Resident Attitudes In Montana , Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report provides a profile of resident attitudes toward tourism in Montana in the fall of 2001, and summarizes the results of a statewide survey administered in conjunction with the 2001-2002 Community Tourism Assessment Process (CTAP).

Nonresident Summer Visitor Profile: A Study Of Summer Visitors To Montana, Norma Nickerson, Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Provides an assessment of characteristics of nonresident summer visitors to Montana during the 2001 summer season. This report describes the summer visitor in terms of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior and expenditures in the state, as well as provides an updated estimate of economic impact of summer travelers in the state.

Exploring Tourism Development Potential: Resident Attitudes In Phillips County, Mt, Holly Praytor, Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Results from a Resident Attitude Survey conducted in Phillips County, Montana. Residents were surveyed to determine opinions toward tourism development in their community. The results are compared to a sample of statewide attitudes toward tourism and includes current nonresident visitor profiles. This report is part of the 2001-2002 Community Tourism Assessment Process (CTAP).

Nonresident Spring Visitor Profile: A Study Of Spring Visitors To Montana, Norma Nickerson, Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Provides an assessment of characteristics of nonresident spring visitors to Montana during the 2001 spring season. This report describes the spring visitor in terms of demographics, trip characteristics, travel behavior and expenditures in the state, as well as provides an updated estimate of economic impact of spring travelers in the state.

Exploring Tourism Development Potential: Resident Attitudes In Meagher County, Mt , Clint Cook, Thale Dillon

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Results from a Resident Attitude Survey conducted in Meagher County, Montana. Residents were surveyed to determine opinions toward tourism development in their community. The results are compared to a sample of statewide attitudes toward tourism and includes current nonresident visitor profiles. This report is part of the 2001-2002 Community Tourism Assessment Process (CTAP).

Montana Vision Travel Research: 2002, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlook for 2002 and Review of 2001.

Editors' Introduction And Acknowledgements, M. Deborah Bialeschki, Karla A. Henderson, Anderson B. Young, Robert G. Andrejewski

Research in Outdoor Education

An introduction to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 6 is presented by the authors on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these Proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 2002 Symposim and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition office.

This article includes the Editors, …

Milestones In Outdoor Education, Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume is presented by the author on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Reynold E. Carlson: A Distinguished Pioneer In Outdoor Education, Joel Meier

Research in Outdoor Education

A tribute to Reynold E. Carson, a pioneer in outdoor education, is presented by the author.

Effective Practices And Participant Outcomes For Youth: Inclusive Camps And Outdoor Schools, Steve Brannan, Joel Arick, Ann Fullerton

Research in Outdoor Education

This research project investigated resident camp and outdoor school programs and em­ployed validated instrumentation to help deter­mine the effects of inclusive practices on the growth and development of youth with and without disabilities (Brannan, Fullerton, Arick, Robb, and Bender, in press).

Qualitative Outcomes For Youth Who Participate In Inclusive Programs: A Multi-Case Analysis Across 14 Camps And Outdoor Schools, Ann Fullerton, Steve Brannan, Joel Arick

Research in Outdoor Education

As the number of inclusive programs grows, an important question arises: What are the out­comes of participation in an inclusive camp or outdoor school where children live, learn, and play with peers of varying abilities. Residential camps and outdoor schools and their research partners are striving to develop effective meth­ods to examine the outcomes for program par­ticipants (Dworken. 2001). Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to examine outcomes such as changes in skill levels, self-perceptions, attitudes, social interaction, and infonnant or self-reported growth in various ar­eas of development. Qualitative research may help us describe the scope, depth, and …

Leader Integration Competencies And Staff Training, Leo Mcavoy, Jim Roehl, John Rynders

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to test that competencies about inclusion were learned in staff training. Specifically, the study sought to identify the leadership competencies necessary for leaders in integrated outdoor adventure pro­grams and to measure the effectiveness of a staff training addressing one of these competencies (the ability to apply integration strategies). This study was exploratory in nature and centered on one agency, Wilderness Inquiry, Inc. (WI) of Minneapolis, which is recognized as the fore­most integrated outdoor adventure program in the country. The study focused on current staff of Wilderness Inquiry and on the approximately 30 new program …

Using Means-End Theory To Understand The Outdoor Adventure Experience, Marnie Goldenberg, Leo Mcavoy, David Klensosky, Tom Holman

Research in Outdoor Education

According to Ford (1981), outdoor educa­tion is "education in, about, and for the out­doors, implying a place, a topic, and a reason" (p. 14). Another working definition stated that outdoor education is "an experiential method of learning which takes place primarily through sensory involvement with the out-of-doors" (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 17). Priest and Gass also defined outdoor adventure programs as those. that use challenging experiences in the outdoors to promote personal and group devel­opment.

This research developed a better under­standing of the linkages between outdoor adven­ture program (Outward Bound) experiences and outcomes using means-end analysis. Previously the means-end …

Difficulty And Ability: Staff Member Perceptions Of Seasonal Staff Training, Gwynn M. Powell, Robert D. Bixler, Deborah M. Switzer, Karen P. Hurtes

Research in Outdoor Education

The process that camp directors use to plan and implement their staff training and continu­ing education may be affected by understanding seasonal staff-member perceptions of the diffi­culty and ability of camp-specific skills and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate staff perceptions to provide a base­line of information for practice and future re­search.

The Adventure Model: A Replication Study To Determine If Different Adventure Skills Support The Model, Ken Gilbertson, Alan Ewert

Research in Outdoor Education

The Adventure Model uses the theory of specialization (Bryan, 1977; Ditton, Loomis, & Choi, 1992) as a developmental framework by suggesting that participants become specialized in their adventure activities, implying that individuals have differing needs and expectations based on skill and activity type. In addition, as suggested by Scott and. Shafer (2001), speciali­zation implies a developmental process involving behavior, attitudes, and preferences. Thus, the Adventure Model suggests that as partici­pants become more skilled and specialized, a number of attributes, such as frequency of par­ticipation and locus of decision making, change in a predictable manner (Anderson, Anderson, & Young, 2000; Ewert …

Multidimensional Self-Concept And Outdoor Adventure Education With Adolescents, Timothy S. O'Connell

Research in Outdoor Education

This study focused on the changes in self-concept of adolescents enrolled in· out­door adventure education courses offered at a traditional· college preparatory high school and explored how gender influenced changes in specific domains of self-concept.

An Analysis Of Outdoor Leaders' Ethics Guiding Decisions, Denise Mitten

Research in Outdoor Education

Up to 70,000 people a year may participate in wilderness experience programs in the United States (Friese, Hendee, & Kinziger, 1998). Many more people participate in non-wildemess outdoor programs. Over 700 programs offer wilderness opportunities for personal growth in the United States with a predicted increase of 15 percent a year (Ewert & McAvoy, 1999). During these trips, the behavior modeled and the infor­mation shared by the outdoor leaders influences a large number of people, including people with many diverse needs. Garvey (1999) stated that outdoor leaders model what they hold to be the most appropriate behavior in a situation: …

If The Dress Fits, Wear It.: Uncovering Meaning In Gender Stereotyping In An Australian Outdoor Education Program, Katherine J. Pinch

Research in Outdoor Education

This study is part of a larger project that ex­amined the significance of the gender system working within and through an outdoor adven­ture education program for adolescents. Al­though the categories female and male were used to describe the claimed and ascribed identi­ties of the participants, the study was designed to explore the implications of the gender system with reference to agency and empowerment for adolescent girls, not to differentiate between "essential" female and male experiences. The data was not analyzed to make statistical infer­ences about girls and boys as homogeneous groups. It was viewed in terms of how different ranges …

Developing Outdoor Leaders: Paul Petzoldt's Perspective, Mark Wagstaff, Christine Cashel

Research in Outdoor Education

Paul Petzoldt, an early pioneer in outdoor education, saw the need for trained outdoor leaders. Petzoldt spent his professional life edu­cating outdoor leaders to lead safe, enjoyable outdoor adventures without harm to the envi­ronment (Bachert, 1987, Ringholz, 1997). Pet­zoldt, who died in 1999, left a legacy of organi­zations, books, students, and controversy that have helped shaped the outdoor leadership pro­fession. After his death, boxes of papers and handwritten journals were given to the authors to use for research purposes. Some of Petzoldt's unpublished ideas are presented in this paper. Key concepts and meth­ods utilized by Petzoldt to train outdoor leaders …