Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2013

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 3661 - 3690 of 17401

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Fearless: Aleksandra Petkova, Aleksandra V. Petkova Sep 2013

Fearless: Aleksandra Petkova, Aleksandra V. Petkova

SURGE

Consistently serving the campus community, conducting new research in psychology, and leading younger students to realizations about their own roles in fighting for social Justice, Aleksandra Petkova ’14 has fearlessly pursued opportunities to promote social change all four of her years here at Gettysburg.

Go to article

Who Will Archive The Archives? Thoughts About The Future Of Web Archiving, Michael L. Nelson, Scott G. Ainsworth, Ahmed Alsum, Justin F. Brunelle, Mat Kelly, Hany Salaheldeen, Michele C. Weigle, Robert Sanderson, Herbert Van De Sompel Sep 2013

Who Will Archive The Archives? Thoughts About The Future Of Web Archiving, Michael L. Nelson, Scott G. Ainsworth, Ahmed Alsum, Justin F. Brunelle, Mat Kelly, Hany Salaheldeen, Michele C. Weigle, Robert Sanderson, Herbert Van De Sompel

Computer Science Presentations

PDF of a powerpoint presentation from the Wolfram Data Summit 2013 in Washington D.C., September 5-6, 2013. Also available on Slideshare.

Go to article

Learning To Recognize Vervet Monkey Calls, Jeremiah Mcghee, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Sep 2013

Learning To Recognize Vervet Monkey Calls, Jeremiah Mcghee, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The use of computers to perform speech recognition on human speech is becoming commonplace in today’s world. Less well known are attempts to use speech recognition on other animal species. Current projects are researching the possibilities of using speech recognition technologies to give insight to the animal communication of dolphins1, elephants2, birds3 and even crickets4. All of these projects are showing very promising results with recognition results approaching 90%. The goal of this project is to apply speech recognition technology to identify the distinct calls of vervet monkeys.

Go to article

An Investigation Into The Processing Mechanisms Guiding Phonemic Restoration, Steven J. Pearson, Dr. Wendy Baker Sep 2013

An Investigation Into The Processing Mechanisms Guiding Phonemic Restoration, Steven J. Pearson, Dr. Wendy Baker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Phonemic restoration (PhR) effects have been well documented since Warren’s 1970 research1 and much work has been done to examine the manners in which properties of a phoneme may be altered without preventing the occurrence of phonemic restoration. However, little work has been done on a broad level to identify the demographic characteristics of participants that may influence PhR, though Warren long ago raised the specific question of the role(s) played by participant’s age.

Go to article

Inventing Tradition: Changes In Local Basket-Making In Two Guatemalan Towns, Amy Maxwell, Dr. Ruth Toulson Sep 2013

Inventing Tradition: Changes In Local Basket-Making In Two Guatemalan Towns, Amy Maxwell, Dr. Ruth Toulson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Guatemala has a rich indigenous heritage which has attracted the attention of researchers for over 75 years. This culture includes 21 indigenous Maya language groups scattered throughout the country. The civil war ended ten years ago and since then, the country has been healing. As the country has welcomed progress, it has also welcomed tourists from around the globe who come for the culture or to study Spanish. In the face of so many national changes, the Mayan culture is shifting and adapting.

Go to article

Establishing An Ethical Entrepreneurship, Scott Hannay, Dr. David P. Crandall Sep 2013

Establishing An Ethical Entrepreneurship, Scott Hannay, Dr. David P. Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Today more than ever, people have a desire to reach out to help others—both internationally and domestically. Technology has brought the world’s problems to the living rooms of the more for-tunate. Unlimited options exist for attempting to mitigate the challenges of addressing hunger, malnutrition, poor education, poverty and inequality. I had the opportunity to research the feasi-bility of establishing an ethical entrepreneurship in a rural tribal village on the edge of the Sahara Desert in Morocco. My research revealed steps to be considered when creating an ethical entre-preneurship and the challenges that may be encountered in the process.

Go to article

Saying One Thing, Doing Another: Is Discrepant Enforcement Of Laws Protecting Women And Girls Related To Discrepant Enactment Of International Law By Nation-State?, Carl Brinton, Dr. Valerie Hudson Sep 2013

Saying One Thing, Doing Another: Is Discrepant Enforcement Of Laws Protecting Women And Girls Related To Discrepant Enactment Of International Law By Nation-State?, Carl Brinton, Dr. Valerie Hudson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In short, the project was a great success. The hypotheses tested all came out with greater statistical significance than we had even hoped for. The implications of our findings have a deep potential impact, and beyond merely presenting the findings at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, we are now in the final stages of editing the paper to submit it to the International Studies Quarterly journal for publication.

Go to article

Prosecutor Discretion At The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Chad Losee, Dr. Darren Hawkins Sep 2013

Prosecutor Discretion At The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Chad Losee, Dr. Darren Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Some have argued that, once established, international criminal tribunals, like the one established in Sierra Leone, are not responsive to external influence given their independence and insulation.1 I tested this hypothesis as the null by comparing the discretion granted international prosecutors by court creators with the latitude actually exercised. Are prosecutors really intractable? Or, do prosecutors consider the preferences of external actors when they make their investigative decisions?

Go to article

The Effects Of Air Pollution On Endothelial Function: An Extended Literature Review, Douglas L. Rodermund, Dr. Clive Arden Pope Sep 2013

The Effects Of Air Pollution On Endothelial Function: An Extended Literature Review, Douglas L. Rodermund, Dr. Clive Arden Pope

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Repeated long-term exposure to PM contributes to pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis and increased risk of ischemic heart disease and death.1 Short-term elevated PM exposures and related inflammation may also contribute to acute complications of atherosclerosis by increasing the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, acceleration of acute ischemic events and endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is a layer of thin flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels and is directly involved with regulation of vascular processes. …

Go to article

Family Matters: Income Distribution Effects Of Changing Family Structure; Honors Thesis, Julia Delong, Dr. Clayne Pope Sep 2013

Family Matters: Income Distribution Effects Of Changing Family Structure; Honors Thesis, Julia Delong, Dr. Clayne Pope

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One of the more profound and far-reaching social transformations America went through in the latter half of the twentieth century was the growing replacement of married households by single (never married) and divorced households. While the sociological consequences of this transformation are generally debated, we seldom consider the economic consequences. In my honors thesis I established a connection between the changes in household structure in the United States during the period 1960 – 2000 and the simultaneous increase in income inequality.

Go to article

Sending Children Away: A Case Study Of Boarding Schools In Uganda, Kindra Clemence, Dr. Mikaela Dufur Sep 2013

Sending Children Away: A Case Study Of Boarding Schools In Uganda, Kindra Clemence, Dr. Mikaela Dufur

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Boarding schools are more popular in Africa than in the United States or Europe. In some countries, including Uganda, more than half of all students that finish secondary school spend at least some time in a boarding school. However, there has been almost no academic inquiry into the nature of these institutions. Why are so many children sent away for school? What role do boarding schools play in this society and what perpetuates their existence?

Go to article

Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: What Works And Why, Jonathan Oliver, Dr. Stephen J. Bahr, Dr. Stephen J. Bahr Sep 2013

Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: What Works And Why, Jonathan Oliver, Dr. Stephen J. Bahr, Dr. Stephen J. Bahr

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Substance Abuse has been a problem for several generations and is a major contributor to mental health problems. To address the issue of substance abuse, many treatment programs have been established with intentions to offer guidance and support to those individuals seeking relief from addiction and destructive lifestyles. The programs that exist today have different approaches to substance abuse treatment and may be more effective for some individuals than others. Our hope was to learn more about the programs and publish a paper that would be helpful in identifying which types of treatment were most successful.

Go to article

The Effects Of Anesthesia On Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Stuart Layton, Dr. Scott Steffensen Sep 2013

The Effects Of Anesthesia On Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Stuart Layton, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Consciousness has perplexed neuroscientists for decades. What is consciousness and how is it obstructed by anesthesia? Every year doctors expose thousands of people to general anesthesia. Anesthesia does several things, it prevents the perception of pain, renders a patient unconscious, inhibits the formation of memory, and paralyzes the subject; all of which as desired during a medical procedure. The mechanism by which anesthesia accomplishes these many tasks are unknown, including its ability to render a subject unconscious. The goal of this study was to study the effects of anesthesia on -aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) …

Go to article

Endothelial Dysfunction And Short-Term Exposure To Fine Particulate Pollution From Coal Combustion: Data Collection And Analysis, Matthew Gee, Dr. C. Arden Pope Iii Sep 2013

Endothelial Dysfunction And Short-Term Exposure To Fine Particulate Pollution From Coal Combustion: Data Collection And Analysis, Matthew Gee, Dr. C. Arden Pope Iii

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Short-term elevated PM exposures and related inflammation may contribute to acute complications of atherosclerosis by accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis, and triggering plaque rupture. Empirical evidence (Brook et al. 2002) suggests that endothelial dysfunction promoted by systemic inflammation related to PM exposure may lie at the heart of the problem. Our experiment examines the effect of short-term exposure to elevated PM levels on endothelial function using a non-invasive procedure called peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). Using the Endo-PAT 2000 (Itamar …

Go to article

Generalized Qualitative Response Models, Brad Larsen, Dr. James Mcdonald Sep 2013

Generalized Qualitative Response Models, Brad Larsen, Dr. James Mcdonald

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Qualitative response (QR) models are used by economists, biometricians, epidemiologists, statisticians, and others to estimate the effect of certain variables on a binary (“yes” or “no”) response. For example, economists use QR models to answer the question, “What factors influence a woman’s decision to work? For years, biometricians have used QR models to answer questions such as, “What drug dosage will help a patient survive?”, or, more recently, “What level of magnetic radiation will result in childhood leukemia?” By answering these questions, QR models provide policy-makers, businesses, doctors, and others with valuable information for making decisions.

Go to article

Theoretical Analysis Of Binge Eating Disorder Through The Perspectives Of Self Psychology And Cognitive Theory/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, And An Explanation Of Blending These Perspectives, Llorin M. Edwards Sep 2013

Theoretical Analysis Of Binge Eating Disorder Through The Perspectives Of Self Psychology And Cognitive Theory/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, And An Explanation Of Blending These Perspectives, Llorin M. Edwards

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Binge Eating Disorder (BED), generally defined as a disorder with the central component of recurrent binge eating accompanied by marked distress, and without any accompanying compensatory behaviors to control for weight gain, has recently been formally recognized for the first time in the DSM-5, released in May 2013. This thesis traces the evolution of how BED has been understood and discussed as a DSM diagnosis over the course of about fifty years, after it was first identified not as an eating disorder, but as a phenomenon occurring only among overweight or obese populations seeking weight loss treatment. To contribute to …

Go to article

Mapping Disease At An Approximated Individual Level Using Aggregate Data: A Case Study Of Mapping New Hampshire Birth Defects, Xun Shi, Stephanie Miller, Kevin Mwenda, Akikazu Onda Sep 2013

Mapping Disease At An Approximated Individual Level Using Aggregate Data: A Case Study Of Mapping New Hampshire Birth Defects, Xun Shi, Stephanie Miller, Kevin Mwenda, Akikazu Onda

Dartmouth Scholarship

Limited by data availability, most disease maps in the literature are for relatively large and subjectively-defined areal units, which are subject to problems associated with polygon maps. High resolution maps based on objective spatial units are needed to more precisely detect associations between disease and environmental factors. Method: We propose to use a Restricted and Controlled Monte Carlo (RCMC) process to disaggregate polygon-level location data to achieve mapping aggregate data at an approximated individual level. RCMC assigns a random point location to a polygon-level location, in which the randomization is restricted by the polygon and controlled by the background (e.g., …

Go to article

Mothers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In The First Twelve Months Postpartum : Challenges, Coping Supports, Strengths, And Resilience : A Two-Part Project Based Upon An Investigation At Motherwoman, Hadley Massachusetts, Maria T. Curtin-Mckenna Sep 2013

Mothers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In The First Twelve Months Postpartum : Challenges, Coping Supports, Strengths, And Resilience : A Two-Part Project Based Upon An Investigation At Motherwoman, Hadley Massachusetts, Maria T. Curtin-Mckenna

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This mixed-method study was undertaken to expand the knowledge base about mothers with a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the first twelve months after the birth of a baby. Nine mothers with an ADHD diagnosis and a child under the age of 60 months were interviewed. These mothers were asked to identify experiences with challenges, coping, depression, anxiety, and support in the first year postpartum. Quantitative data contrasting pre-child and postpartum executive functioning was retrieved during the interviews using the ASRS-v1.1© (Kessler et al., 2005). This quantitative data was also retrieved from 57 mothers as one part of a …

Go to article

Amidst A Culture Of Noise Silence Is Still Golden : A Sociocultural Historical Analysis Of The Pathologization Of Introversion, Sara L. Fudjack Sep 2013

Amidst A Culture Of Noise Silence Is Still Golden : A Sociocultural Historical Analysis Of The Pathologization Of Introversion, Sara L. Fudjack

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This theoretical thesis explores the phenomenon of introversion, how it has come to be perceived over time in both the United States and various other countries and cultures, and why. This paper seeks to understand how and why the United States has come to value extroverted personality characteristics over introverted ones, and attempts to discover the creation of this value system through a historical analysis of the creation of the definition and meaning of both introversion and extroversion. This thesis utilizes an extensive review of the literature rooted in psychoanalytic theory in order to trace the creation of the definition …

Go to article

Sin In Therapy : A Cross Disciplinary Approach Toward Working With Religious Clients, Kelli L. Fitzgerald Sep 2013

Sin In Therapy : A Cross Disciplinary Approach Toward Working With Religious Clients, Kelli L. Fitzgerald

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The United States is a remarkably religious nation. It is inevitable that clinical social workers will encounter clients whose self understanding has been shaped, or impacted, troubled and or soothed by their faith. Our religiously minded clients need us to be able to speak to the questions of deep meaning their faiths challenge and answer. Yet, we are not clergy. We have a different and important role. Moreover we may be atheists ourselves. In addition we live in a religiously pluralistic country. There is no single faith language that can accommodate all religious people. Even if a social worker were …

Go to article

What We Teach Our Children : A Content Analysis Of Racism In Second Grade Textbooks, Mary G. Fesperman Sep 2013

What We Teach Our Children : A Content Analysis Of Racism In Second Grade Textbooks, Mary G. Fesperman

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This study was undertaken to examine racial bias and prejudice in current second grade textbooks. Second graders are generally 7-8 years old; an age during which morals and values are developed and racist ideations can be either challenged or solidified. Using the standards of multicultural education as an ideal, textbooks aimed at this population were examined to explore the extent to which racism continues to be reified. The three most widely adopted second grade textbooks in America were assessed in the ways they depict African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and White Americans. Using a method of content …

Go to article

Preferred Methods Of Assessing Suicidality In Youth, Corina L. Fisk Sep 2013

Preferred Methods Of Assessing Suicidality In Youth, Corina L. Fisk

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Literature on youth suicide has identified this phenomenon as a national health problem and one that continues to be on the rise. Moreover, youth suicide has been identified as a serious problem for the last two decades. The purpose of this study was to determine if practice setting, specialized training, and/or graduate education influence both the method and frequency of suicide risk assessment by practicing clinicians who work with adolescents. A descriptive study design using an on-line data collection service was utilized (SurveyMonkey) to reach a non-probability sample of clinicians. The on-line survey was comprised of two sections. The first …

Go to article

Positive Interventions For Children Diagnosed With Learning Disabilities : An Exploration Of Educators' Lived Experiences, Chelsea M. Dann Sep 2013

Positive Interventions For Children Diagnosed With Learning Disabilities : An Exploration Of Educators' Lived Experiences, Chelsea M. Dann

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of the study was to examine the practices used by teachers within the classroom environment that lead learning disability (LD) diagnosed children to a positive learning experience. This study focused on exploring the practices in place that support these children in a positive way in the classroom post-diagnosis. Further, the purpose of this study was to investigate how classroom teachers interact with elementary students ages 7 -12 who have an LD and who are on an IEP. This study explored how educators implemented supportive practices to provide these children with a positive school experience, which in turn, determine …

Go to article

Strengthening The Future Of Haiti : Mental Health Needs Of Children In FonfrèDe, Haiti : A Project Based Upon An Investigation At Capracare, Jaimie A. Colica Sep 2013

Strengthening The Future Of Haiti : Mental Health Needs Of Children In FonfrèDe, Haiti : A Project Based Upon An Investigation At Capracare, Jaimie A. Colica

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The Haitian earthquake of 2010 led to an influx of problems for an already struggling nation. The current study is an exploratory study on the mental health and behavioral needs of children and the supports currently in place in one rural Haitian community approximately 120 miles from Port au Prince. Thirteen adults who had caretaking roles within the community participated in in-depth interviews focused on the needs of children, supports offered and the culture of their community. Most participants pointed to a lack of basic needs being met as the culprit for children's struggles including acting out, sadness and difficulty …

Go to article

Self-Care In The Practice Of Oncology Social Work : A Project Based Upon The Self-Care Practices Of Twelve Oncology Social Workers, Lindsay Cotter Sep 2013

Self-Care In The Practice Of Oncology Social Work : A Project Based Upon The Self-Care Practices Of Twelve Oncology Social Workers, Lindsay Cotter

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative study explores the ways in which oncology social workers employ self-care. Twelve oncology social workers throughout the nation were interviewed and their personal narratives addressed the role that self-care plays in a field with compassion fatigue, death and other intense emotional reactions to patients and families dealing with a cancer diagnosis. A semi-structured interview explored why participants chose the field of oncology as well as self-care practices they found helpful throughout their careers. The interview guide also included a focus on the rewards and challenges of the work and how outlooks on life were impacted as a result …

Go to article

Promoting Posttraumatic Growth Among Oif/Oef Veterans : A Theoretical Exploration Of The Challenges Of Reintegration, Erin E. Clements Sep 2013

Promoting Posttraumatic Growth Among Oif/Oef Veterans : A Theoretical Exploration Of The Challenges Of Reintegration, Erin E. Clements

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Approximately 2.2 million men and women have been deployed in service of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. And veterans are returning to their communities in large numbers, many of them with a range of visible and invisible medical and psychological injuries and needs (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008; Hoge et al., 2004; Hoge, Auchterloni, and Milliken, 2006). The process of veterans re-entering civilian society following a deployment is known as reintegration (Demers, 2011). While the mental health issues and needs of returning OIF/OEF veterans have been widely studied (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008) their experiences and struggles related to reintegration remain …

Go to article

Homemade : An Exploratory Study On The Impact Of Cooking On Family Relationships And Cultural Identity Development, Tammie G. Chen Sep 2013

Homemade : An Exploratory Study On The Impact Of Cooking On Family Relationships And Cultural Identity Development, Tammie G. Chen

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This mixed-method study investigates the role of cooking in family relationships and cultural identity development. Through an online survey, 275 participants assessed the perceived relevance and usefulness of cooking. Participants evaluated both whether or not cooking altered their level of connection to family and culture as well as how family relationships and cultural identity were impacted. The findings demonstrate three primary reasons participants cook: to feed themselves and others, to bring people together, and to show care. The study suggests that cooking can be a vehicle of connection to both family and culture. Participants with a more recent family immigration …

Go to article

Beyond The Office Doors : The Relationship Between Psychotherapists' Disclosures Of Personal Life Events And Their Professional Identity, Alana C. Dipesa Sep 2013

Beyond The Office Doors : The Relationship Between Psychotherapists' Disclosures Of Personal Life Events And Their Professional Identity, Alana C. Dipesa

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Psychotherapist use of self-disclosure is a topic that has been under-researched to date. Stemming from classic psychoanalytic training, the belief that clinicians should strive to be "blank slates" influences many psychotherapists' negative perceptions of their own selfdisclosure. Within this study 12 psychotherapists were interviewed regarding their experiences disclosing personal life events to their clients in order to ascertain what influence, if any, these disclosure experiences had upon their professional identities. Of the personal life events that were described, some were inevitable and unavoidable while others were more intentional in nature; the main types of personal life events that emerged through …

Go to article

Waging The Moral Equivalent Of War: The Political Conditions For Alternative Fuel Reform In The United States And Brazil, Logan Richards Clark, Dr. Kirk Hawkins Sep 2013

Waging The Moral Equivalent Of War: The Political Conditions For Alternative Fuel Reform In The United States And Brazil, Logan Richards Clark, Dr. Kirk Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Energy often plays a central role in both domestic and international conflict. Many scholars, activists and policymakers agree that the environmental, economic, and political costs of the United States’ self-proclaimed “addiction” to oil for its use as transportation fuel, among other functions, are unsustainable, even dangerous. They assert that the industrialized world’s dependence on fossil fuels is perpetuating global warming, leading us to a world wide economic “peak-oil” shock, and setting up massive geopolitical struggles across the globe. If the global community is to avert the potential calamity that a continued dependence on unsustainable energy may incur, a wide-scale effort …

Go to article

Aristotle’S Vision Of God: Moving Beyond The Unmoved Mover, Tyler Stoehr, Dr. Daniel Graham Sep 2013

Aristotle’S Vision Of God: Moving Beyond The Unmoved Mover, Tyler Stoehr, Dr. Daniel Graham

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In Physics VIII and Metaphysics Λ Aristotle paints a portrait of a God that has typically dominated theological discussions in both the philosophical and Christian traditions of the West. This God is form without matter,1 pure actuality,2 pure thought,3 indivisible,4 incorporeal,5 andthe ultimate cause of the universe.6 However, during my research I came across many passages in Aristotle’s works (particularly in the Nicomachean Ethics) that seemed to contradict the portrait of Physics VIII and Metaphysics Λ. For instance, in the Nicomachean Ethics, Book X Chapter 7, Aristotle writes:

Go to article

First Prev Next Last