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Articles 901 - 930 of 1356

Full-Text Articles in Other Physics

Momentum And Spin In Entropic Quantum Dynamics, Shahid Nawaz Jan 2014

Momentum And Spin In Entropic Quantum Dynamics, Shahid Nawaz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

We study quantum theory as an example of entropic inference. Our goal is to remove conceptual difficulties that arise in quantum mechanics. Since probability is a common feature of quantum theory and of any inference problem, we briefly introduce probability theory and the entropic methods to update probabilities when new information becomes available. Nelson's stochastic mechanics and Caticha's derivation of quantum theory are discussed in the subsequent chapters. Our first goal is to understand momentum and angular momentum within an entropic dynamics framework and to derive the corresponding uncertainty relations. In this framework momentum is an epistemic concept -- it …

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Observation Of A Quantum Cheshire Cat In A Matter-Wave Interferometer Experiment, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Stephan Sponar, Hartmut Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa Jan 2014

Observation Of A Quantum Cheshire Cat In A Matter-Wave Interferometer Experiment, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Stephan Sponar, Hartmut Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

From its very beginning, quantum theory has been revealing extraordinary and counter-intuitive phenomena, such as wave-particle duality, Schrodinger cats and quantum non-locality. Another paradoxical phenomenon found within the framework of quantum mechanics is the 'quantum Cheshire Cat': if a quantum system is subject to a certain pre- and postselection, it can behave as if a particle and its property are spatially separated. It has been suggested to employ weak measurements in order to explore the Cheshire Cat's nature. Here we report an experiment in which we send neutrons through a perfect silicon crystal interferometer and perform weak measurements to probe …

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Finite Density Qed At Strong Magnetic Field, Paul Lee Springsteen Jan 2014

Finite Density Qed At Strong Magnetic Field, Paul Lee Springsteen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this Thesis we study the effect of a dense medium on the quantum properties of a relativistic electron-positron plasma under a magnetic field. From the calculation of the photon polarization operator depending on temperature, chemical potential, and the magnetic field; we study how the electric susceptibility of the strongly magnetized plasma is charged with temperature and density. In the same manner we study the dependence of the Debye mass with density. Then we investigated the phenomenon of magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking for a dense medium. We found that there exist a critical value of the chemical potential …

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Quantum Non-Locality Vs. Quasi-Local Measurement In The Conditions Of The Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Armen Gulian Jan 2014

Quantum Non-Locality Vs. Quasi-Local Measurement In The Conditions Of The Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Theoretical explanation of the Meissner effect involves proportionality between current density and vector potential, which has many deep consequences. As noticed by de Gennes, superconductors in a magnetic field "find an equilibrium state where the sum of kinetic and magnetic energies is minimum" and this state "corresponds to the expulsion of the magnetic field". This statement still leaves an open question: from which source is the superconducting current acquiring its kinetic energy? A naïve answer, perhaps, is from the energy of the magnetic field. However, one can consider situations (Aharonov-Bohm effect), where the classical magnetic field is locally absent in …

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Quantum Harmonic Oscillator With Superoscillating Initial Datum, Roman V. Buniy, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Daniele C. Struppa Jan 2014

Quantum Harmonic Oscillator With Superoscillating Initial Datum, Roman V. Buniy, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Daniele C. Struppa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this paper, we study the evolution of superoscillating initial data for the quantum driven harmonic oscillator. Our main result shows that superoscillations are amplified by the harmonic potential and that the analytic solution develops a singularity in finite time. We also show that for a large class of solutions of the Schrodinger equation, superoscillating behavior at any given time implies superoscillating behavior at any other time.

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The Spin State Of A Molecular Adsorbate Driven By The Ferroelectric Substrate Polarization†, Xin Zhang, Tatiana Palamarciuc, Jean-François Létard, Patrick Rosa, Eduardo Vega Lozada, Fernand Torres, Luis G. Rosa, Bernard Doudin, Peter A. Dowben Jan 2014

The Spin State Of A Molecular Adsorbate Driven By The Ferroelectric Substrate Polarization†, Xin Zhang, Tatiana Palamarciuc, Jean-François Létard, Patrick Rosa, Eduardo Vega Lozada, Fernand Torres, Luis G. Rosa, Bernard Doudin, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

The spin state of [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(bipy)] thin films is mediated by changes in the electric field at the interface of organic ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene (PVDF–TrFE). Signatures of the molecular crossover transition are evident in changes in the unoccupied states and the related shift from diamagnetic to paramagnetic characteristics. This may point the way to the molecular magneto-electric effect on devices.

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Positive Exchange Bias In Epitaxial Permalloy/Mgo Integrated With Si (100), S. S. Rao, J. T. Prater, Fan Wu, S. Nori, D. Kumar, Lanping Yue, Sy_Hwang Liou, Jagdish Narayan Jan 2014

Positive Exchange Bias In Epitaxial Permalloy/Mgo Integrated With Si (100), S. S. Rao, J. T. Prater, Fan Wu, S. Nori, D. Kumar, Lanping Yue, Sy_Hwang Liou, Jagdish Narayan

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

In magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices, soft magnetic thin film elements such as permalloy (Py) are used as unit cells of information. The epitaxial integration of these elements with the technologically important substrate Si (100) and a thorough understanding of their magnetic properties are critical for CMOS-based magnetic devices. We report on the epitaxial growth of Ni82.5Fe17.5 (permalloy, Py) on Si (100) using a TiN/MgO buffer layer. Initial stages of growth are characterized by the formation of discrete islands that gradually merge into a continuous film as deposition times are extended. Interestingly, we find that the …

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Three‐Dimensional Brain Mri For Dbs Patients Within Ultra‐Low Radiofrequency Power Limits, Subhendra N. Sarkar, Efstathios Papavassiliou, David Hackney, David Alsop, Ananth Madhuranthakam, Ludy Shih, Reed Busse, Susan Laruche, Rafeeque Bhadelia Jan 2014

Three‐Dimensional Brain Mri For Dbs Patients Within Ultra‐Low Radiofrequency Power Limits, Subhendra N. Sarkar, Efstathios Papavassiliou, David Hackney, David Alsop, Ananth Madhuranthakam, Ludy Shih, Reed Busse, Susan Laruche, Rafeeque Bhadelia

Publications and Research

Background: For patients with deep brain stimulators (DBS), local absorbed radiofrequency (RF) power is unknown and is much higher than what the system estimates. We developed a comprehensive, highquality brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for DBS patients utilizing three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance sequences at very low RF power. Methods: Six patients with DBS were imaged (10 sessions) using a transmit/receive head coil at 1.5 Tesla with modified 3D sequences within ultra-low specific absorption rate (SAR) limits (0.1 W/kg) using T2, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1- weighted image contrast. Tissue signal and tissue contrast from the low-SAR images …

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An Investigation Of Nurbs-Based Deformable Image Registration, Travis J. Jacobson Jan 2014

An Investigation Of Nurbs-Based Deformable Image Registration, Travis J. Jacobson

Theses and Dissertations

Deformable image registration (DIR) is an essential tool in medical image processing. It provides a means to combine image datasets, allowing for intra-subject, inter-subject, multi-modality, and multi-instance analysis, as well as motion detection and compensation. One of the most popular DIR algorithms models the displacement vector field (DVF) as B-splines, a sum of piecewise polynomials with coefficients that enable local shape control. B-splines have many advantageous properties in the context of DIR, but they often struggle to adequately model steep local gradients and discontinuities. This dissertation addresses that limitation by proposing the replacement of conventional B-splines with a generalized formulation …

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“Spaghetti” Design For Gravitational Wave Superconducting Antenna, Armen Gulian, J Foreman, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Shmuel Nussinov, Louis Sica, Jeff Tollaksen Jan 2014

“Spaghetti” Design For Gravitational Wave Superconducting Antenna, Armen Gulian, J Foreman, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Shmuel Nussinov, Louis Sica, Jeff Tollaksen

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

A new concept for detectors of gravitational wave radiation is discussed. Estimates suggest that strain sensitivity essentially better than that of the existing devices can be achieved in the wide frequency range. Such sensitivity could be obtained with devices about one meter long. Suggested device consists of multi-billion bimetallic superconducting wires ("spaghettis") and requires cryogenic operational temperatures (~0.3K in the case considered).

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Viscosity Dependence Of Faraday Wave Formation Thresholds, Lisa Michelle Slaughter Dec 2013

Viscosity Dependence Of Faraday Wave Formation Thresholds, Lisa Michelle Slaughter

Physics

This experiment uses an electromagnetic shaker to produce standing wave patterns on the surface of a vertically oscillating sample of silicon liquid. These surface waves, known as Faraday waves, form shapes such as squares, lines, and hexagons. They are known to be dependent upon the frequency and amplitude of the forcing as well as on the viscosity and depth of the liquid in the dish. At a depth of 4mm and for various silicon liquids having kinematic viscosities of 10, 20, and 38 cSt, we determined the acceleration at which patterns form for frequencies between 10 and 60 Hz. For …

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Dispersion Of A Solute In Hartmann Two-Fluid Flow Between Two Parallel Plates, J. P. Kumar, J. C. Umavathi Dec 2013

Dispersion Of A Solute In Hartmann Two-Fluid Flow Between Two Parallel Plates, J. P. Kumar, J. C. Umavathi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The paper presents an analytical solution for the dispersion of a solute in a conducting immiscible fluid flowing between two parallel plates in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The fluids in both the regions are incompressible, electrically conducting and the transport properties are assumed to be constant. The channel walls are assumed to be electrically insulating. Separate solutions for each fluid are obtained and these solutions are matched at the interface using suitable matching conditions. The results are tabulated for various values of viscosity ratio, pressure gradient and Hartman number on the effective Taylor dispersion coefficient and volumetric …

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Mathematical Modelling Of Blood Flow Through Catheterized Artery Under The Influence Of Body Acceleration With Slip Velocity, S. U. Siddiqui, Sapna Geeta Dec 2013

Mathematical Modelling Of Blood Flow Through Catheterized Artery Under The Influence Of Body Acceleration With Slip Velocity, S. U. Siddiqui, Sapna Geeta

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The flow of blood through stenosed catheterized artery with the effect of external body acceleration has been considered. The pulsatile flow behaviour of blood in an artery subjected to the pulsatile pressure gradient and slip velocity has been studied considering blood as a Newtonian fluid. The non-linear differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the perturbation method. The analytic expressions are derived for the velocity profile, flow rate, wall shear stress and effective viscosity. The computer codes are developed for the analysis of physiological parameters. The effects of various parameters on blood flow are discussed through graphs. It …

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The Underlying Physiology Of Arterial Pulse Wave Morphology In Spatial Domain, Nzerem F. Egenti, Alozie H. Nkechi Dec 2013

The Underlying Physiology Of Arterial Pulse Wave Morphology In Spatial Domain, Nzerem F. Egenti, Alozie H. Nkechi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Cardio-vascular events are among the world’s leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Most postulates suppose that culinary delights can be implicated in incidences of cardio-vascular diseases. This school of thought holds well in many respects. Much as the truistic value of the said school is acknowledged, we conceived of physiological disposition as an endogenous dominant factor in the events being considered, whereas culinary measures constitute an exogenous contributory factor. In this work we aimed at studying the effects of distance (stature) on pulse waveforms. Certain elements of our study showed that pulse wavelength was dominant in prescribing cardio-vascular physiology.

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An Evaluation Of The Consistency Of Imrt Patient-Specific Qa Techniques, Elizabeth M. Mckenzie Dec 2013

An Evaluation Of The Consistency Of Imrt Patient-Specific Qa Techniques, Elizabeth M. Mckenzie

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

To ensure the integrity of an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment, each plan must be validated through a measurement-based quality assurance (QA) procedure, known as patient specific IMRT QA. Many methods of measurement and analysis have evolved for this QA. There is not a standard among clinical institutions, and many devices and action levels are used. Since the acceptance criteria determines if the dosimetric tools’ output passes the patient plan, it is important to see how these parameters influence the performance of the QA device. While analyzing the results of IMRT QA, it is important to understand the variability …

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A More General Diffusion Model For Lightning Radiative Transfer, Elliott Paul Saint-Pierre Dec 2013

A More General Diffusion Model For Lightning Radiative Transfer, Elliott Paul Saint-Pierre

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

A more general diffusion model for lightning radiative transfer is presented. The development is based on the work published by Koshak et al (J. Geo. Phys. Res., vol. 99, (D7), 14361-371, (1994). In this thesis, the diffusion coefficient is allowed to vary as a function of the radial component of the cloud and cylindrical geometry is used. Different approximations in the analysis of the resulting radial equation are provided. The method of Frobenius permits the obtention of a complete solution. Possibilities and means for further development of this research are included.

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Directed Ratchet Transport In Granular Crystals, Vincent Berardi, J. Lydon, P. G. Kevrekidis, C. Daraio, R. Carretero-González Nov 2013

Directed Ratchet Transport In Granular Crystals, Vincent Berardi, J. Lydon, P. G. Kevrekidis, C. Daraio, R. Carretero-González

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Directed-ratchet transport (DRT) in a one-dimensional lattice of spherical beads, which serves as a prototype for granular chains, is investigated. We consider a system where the trajectory of the central bead is prescribed by a biharmonic forcing function with broken time-reversal symmetry. By comparing the mean integrated force of beads equidistant from the forcing bead, two distinct types of directed transport can be observed—spatial and temporal DRT. Based on the value of the frequency of the forcing function relative to the cutoff frequency, the system can be categorized by the presence and magnitude of each type of DRT. Furthermore, we …

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Investigating Fault Structure Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Sara Michelle Monahan Nov 2013

Investigating Fault Structure Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Sara Michelle Monahan

Physics

The resolving power of two-dimensional Direct Current (DC) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is investigated in the context of shallow faults. Subsurface electrical resistivity data was collected perpendicular to a secondary fault scarp of the Los Osos Fault Zone with a Syscal KID Switch 24 resistivity meter and processed with Prosys II and Res2DInv software to produce two-dimensional cross sections of resistivity values via a smoothness-constrained least-squares optimization method. Comparison of ERT inversion results to a trench wall map of the same fault scarp suggest the location and dip direction of faults is resolvable, while detailed fault structure, such as dip …

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Global Fossil Energy Markets And Climate Change Mitigation: An Analysis With Remind, Nico Bauer, Ioanna Mouratiadou, Gunnar Luderer, Lavinia Baumstark, Robert J. Brecha, Ottmar Edenhofer, Elmar Kriegler Oct 2013

Global Fossil Energy Markets And Climate Change Mitigation: An Analysis With Remind, Nico Bauer, Ioanna Mouratiadou, Gunnar Luderer, Lavinia Baumstark, Robert J. Brecha, Ottmar Edenhofer, Elmar Kriegler

Physics Faculty Publications

We analyze the dynamics of global fossil resource markets under different assumptions for the supply of fossil fuel resources, development pathways for energy demand, and climate policy settings. Resource markets, in particular the oil market, are characterized by a large discrepancy between costs of resource extraction and commodity prices on international markets. We explain this observation in terms of (a) the intertemporal scarcity rent, (b) regional price differentials arising from trade and transport costs, (c) heterogeneity and inertia in the extraction sector. These effects are captured by the REMIND model. We use the model to explore economic effects of changes …

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Energization Of Charged Particles In A Time-Dependent Chaotic Magnetic Field, Xiaocan Li Oct 2013

Energization Of Charged Particles In A Time-Dependent Chaotic Magnetic Field, Xiaocan Li

Von Braun Symposium Student Posters

No abstract provided.

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Hydromagnetic Waves In A Compressed Dipole Field Via Field-Aligned Klein-Gordon Equations, Jinlei Zheng Oct 2013

Hydromagnetic Waves In A Compressed Dipole Field Via Field-Aligned Klein-Gordon Equations, Jinlei Zheng

Von Braun Symposium Student Posters

No abstract provided.

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Measurement Of [Special Characters Omitted] (Pp[Special Characters Omitted]Tt) In The[Special Characters Omitted]+ Jets Channel Using 4.7 Fb-1 Of Data From The Atlas Experiment Of The Large Hadron Collider, Anirvan Sircar Oct 2013

Measurement Of [Special Characters Omitted] (Pp[Special Characters Omitted]Tt) In The[Special Characters Omitted]+ Jets Channel Using 4.7 Fb-1 Of Data From The Atlas Experiment Of The Large Hadron Collider, Anirvan Sircar

Doctoral Dissertations

The top quark is the heaviest of the known elementary particles in the Standard Model. Top quark decay can result into various final states; therefore, careful study of its production rate and other properties is very important for particle physics. With the shutdown of the Tevatron, The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the only facility currently capable of studying top quark properties. The data obtained by proton-proton collisions in the LHC is recorded by two general purpose detectors, ATLAS and CMS. The results in the dissertation are from the ATLAS detector. A new measurement is reported of &sgr;(pp [special …

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The Carbon Rent Economics Of Climate Policy, Matthias Kalkuhl, Robert J. Brecha Sep 2013

The Carbon Rent Economics Of Climate Policy, Matthias Kalkuhl, Robert J. Brecha

Physics Faculty Publications

By reducing the demand for fossil fuels, climate policy can reduce scarcity rents for fossil resource owners. As mitigation policies ultimately aim to limit emissions, a new scarcity for “space” in the atmosphere to deposit emissions is created. The associated scarcity rent, or climate rent (that is, for example, directly visible in permit prices under an emission trading scheme) can be higher or lower than the original fossil resource rent. In this paper, we analyze analytically and numerically the impact of mitigation targets, resource availability, backstop costs, discount rates and demand parameters on fossil resource rents and the climate rent. …

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Development Of Correction Algorithm For Pulsed Terahertz Computed Tomography (Thz-Ct), Suman Mukherjee Aug 2013

Development Of Correction Algorithm For Pulsed Terahertz Computed Tomography (Thz-Ct), Suman Mukherjee

Dissertations

For last couple of decades, there has been a considerable improvement in Terahertz (THz) science, technology, and imaging. In particular, the technique of 3-D computed tomography has been adapted to the THz range. However, it has been widely recognized that a fundamental limitation to THz computed tomography imaging is the refractive effects of the sample under study. The finite refractive index of materials in the THz range can severally refract THz beams which probe the internal structure of a sample during the acquisition of tomography data. Refractive effects lead to anomalously high local absorption coefficients in the reconstructed image near …

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Solar Eclipse Observation On May 21, 2012 From Jvla, Shaheda Begum Shaik Aug 2013

Solar Eclipse Observation On May 21, 2012 From Jvla, Shaheda Begum Shaik

Theses

The annular solar eclipse occurred on May 21, 2012 is studied using the radio data from the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA), Sorrocco, Mexico. The eclipse is observed in the solar minimum activity period of solar cycle 24. The centimeter wavelength observation of the Sun's surface during the solar eclipse helps in determining the spatially well resolved features not obtained by the man made advanced technology. Even though, the activity on the Sun is observed to be low in the period of eclipse, the study provides a good opportunity to understand the quiet Sun features in the regions occulted by …

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Shadows In Time: A Study Of Temporal Metaphysics Through Hard Science Fiction And Its Restrictions On The Past And Future, Lindsey E. Mitchell Aug 2013

Shadows In Time: A Study Of Temporal Metaphysics Through Hard Science Fiction And Its Restrictions On The Past And Future, Lindsey E. Mitchell

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

Through a series of essays, this body of work explores the varying theories concerning the nature of time and how each theory affects the possibility and outcome of time travel. Following these essays, a collection of short stories focuses on what the author considers the most probable theories concerning time and expands on how they might affect a time traveler's decisions and fate.

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Characterization Of The Drilling Via The Vibration Augmenter Of Rotary-Drills And Sound Signal Processing Of Impacted Pipe As A Potential Water Height Assessment Tool, Nicholas Morris Aug 2013

Characterization Of The Drilling Via The Vibration Augmenter Of Rotary-Drills And Sound Signal Processing Of Impacted Pipe As A Potential Water Height Assessment Tool, Nicholas Morris

STAR Program Research Presentations

The focus of the internship has been on two topics: a) Characterize the drilling performance of a novel percussive augmenter – this drill was developed by the JPL’s Advanced Technologies Group and its performance was characterized; and b) Examine the feasibility of striking a pipe as a means of assessing the water height inside the pipe. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the possibility of using a simple method of applying impacts to a pipe wall and determining the water height from the sonic characteristic differences including damping, resonance frequencies, etc. Due to multiple variables that are relevant …

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Adaptive Wiener Filter Super-Resolution Of Color Filter Array Images, Barry K. Karch, Russell C. Hardie Aug 2013

Adaptive Wiener Filter Super-Resolution Of Color Filter Array Images, Barry K. Karch, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Digital color cameras using a single detector array with a Bayer color filter array (CFA) require interpolation or demosaicing to estimate missing color information and provide full-color images. However, demosaicing does not specifically address fundamental undersampling and aliasing inherent in typical camera designs. Fast non-uniform interpolation based super-resolution (SR) is an attractive approach to reduce or eliminate aliasing and its relatively low computational load is amenable to real-time applications. The adaptive Wiener filter (AWF) SR algorithm was initially developed for grayscale imaging and has not previously been applied to color SR demosaicing. Here, we develop a novel fast SR method …

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Use Of Zwitterionic Molecules For Forming A Hole Or Electron Transport Layer, Bernard Doudin, Pierre Braunstein, Lucie Routaboul, Guillaume Dalmas, Zhengzheng Zhang, Peter Dowben Aug 2013

Use Of Zwitterionic Molecules For Forming A Hole Or Electron Transport Layer, Bernard Doudin, Pierre Braunstein, Lucie Routaboul, Guillaume Dalmas, Zhengzheng Zhang, Peter Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

The invention relates to the use of zwitterionic molecules for forming a hole or electron transport layer. The preferred zwitterionic molecules of the invention are derivatives of p-benzoquinonemonoimines. The invention is useful in the field of electronic devices in particular.

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Crystallographic Image Processing With Unambiguous 2d Bravais Lattice Identification On The Basis Of A Geometric Akaike Information Criterion, Taylor Thomas Bilyeu Jul 2013

Crystallographic Image Processing With Unambiguous 2d Bravais Lattice Identification On The Basis Of A Geometric Akaike Information Criterion, Taylor Thomas Bilyeu

Dissertations and Theses

Crystallographic image processing (CIP) is a technique first used to aid in the structure determination of periodic organic complexes imaged with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM). The technique has subsequently been utilized for TEM images of inorganic crystals, scanning TEM images, and even scanning probe microscope (SPM) images of two-dimensional periodic arrays. We have written software specialized for use on such SPM images. A key step in the CIP process requires that an experimental image be classified as one of only 17 possible mathematical plane symmetry groups. The current methods used for making this symmetry determination are not entirely …

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