Other Physics Commons^™

Fast Super-Resolution With Affine Motion Using An Adaptive Wiener Filter And Its Application To Airborne Imaging, Russell C. Hardie, Kenneth J. Barnard, Raúl Ordóñez

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Fast nonuniform interpolation based super-resolution (SR) has traditionally been limited to applications with translational interframe motion. This is in part because such methods are based on an underlying assumption that the warping and blurring components in the observation model commute. For translational motion this is the case, but it is not true in general. This presents a problem for applications such as airborne imaging where translation may be insufficient. Here we present a new Fourier domain analysis to show that, for many image systems, an affine warping model with limited zoom and shear approximately commutes with the point spread function …

The Singular Perturbation In The Analysis Of Mode I Fracture Based Upon A New Multiscale Theory, Kai-Bin Fu

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

A theory of fracture is presented that is based upon an extension of continuum mechanics to the nanoscale fracture through the incorporation of long-range intermolecular forces which correct bulk material descriptions near interfaces. To be consistent with the literature, constant surface energies are assigned to interfaces. In the analysis of mode I fracture for quasi-brittle material, it is observed that the incorporation of these long-range intermolecular forces predicts sharp fracture tip rather than blunt and avoids stress singularity. The details of the singular perturbation employed in this analysis are also presented.

Reflection Of Waves In Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic Solid, Raj R. Gupta

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The main objective of the present paper is to study the propagation of waves in the transversely isotropic medium in the context of thermoelasticity with GN theory of type-II and III. By imposing the boundary conditions on the components of displacement, stresses and temperature distribution, wave equation have been solved. Numerically simulated results have been plotted graphically with respect to frequency to evince the effect of anisotropy. Keywords: Thermoelasticity, transversely isotropic, reflection, plane wave AMS 2010 No.: 74JXX, 74F, 74B, 80A. 1. Introduction In last three decades, non-classical theories involving finite speed of heat transportation in elastic solids have been …

A New Algorithm For Solving Shortest Path Problem On A Network With Imprecise Edge Weight, Amit Kumar, Manjot Kumar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Nayeem and Pal (Shortest path problem on a network with imprecise edge weight, Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making 4, 293-312, 2005) proposed a new algorithm for solving shortest path problem on a network with imprecise edge weight. In this paper the shortcomings of the existing algorithm, (Nayeem and Pal, 2005) are pointed out and to overcome these shortcomings a new algorithm is proposed. To show the advantages of the proposed algorithm over existing algorithm the numerical examples presented in (Nayeem and Pal, 2005) are solved using the proposed algorithm and obtained results are discussed.

Quantitative Comparison Of Late Effects Following Photon Versus Proton External-Beam Radiation Therapies: To Ward An Evidence-Based Approach To Selecting A Treatment Modality, Rui Zhang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Radiation therapy has been used as an effective treatment for malignancies in pediatric patients. However, in many cases, the side effects of radiation diminish these patients’ quality of life. In order to develop strategies to minimize radiogenic complications, one must first quantitatively estimate pediatric patients’ relative risk for radiogenic late effects, which has not become feasible till recently because of the calculational complexity. The goals of this work were to calculate the dose delivered to tissues and organs in pediatric patients during contemporary photon and proton radiotherapies; to estimate the corresponding risk of radiogenic second cancer and cardiac toxicity based …

Evaluation Of Deformable Image Registration For Improved 4d Ct-Derived Ventilation For Image Guided Radiotherapy, Richard Castillo

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Recent treatment planning studies have demonstrated the use of physiologic images in radiation therapy treatment planning to identify regions for functional avoidance. This image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) strategy may reduce the injury and/or functional loss following thoracic radiotherapy. 4D computed tomography (CT), developed for radiotherapy treatment planning, is a relatively new imaging technique that allows the acquisition of a time-varying sequence of 3D CT images of the patient's lungs through the respiratory cycle. Guerrero et al. developed a method to calculate ventilation imaging from 4D CT, which is potentially better suited and more broadly available for IGRT than the current standard …

Improving The Accuracy Of Radiation Pneumonitis Dose Response Models, Yevgeniy Vinogradskiy

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor. Five year survival rates have been reported to be 15%. Studies have shown that dose escalation to the tumor can lead to better local control and subsequently better overall survival. However, dose to lung tumor is limited by normal tissue toxicity. The most prevalent thoracic toxicity is radiation pneumonitis. In order to determine a safe dose that can be delivered to the healthy lung, researchers have turned to mathematical models predicting the rate of radiation pneumonitis. However, these models rely on simple metrics based on the dose-volume histogram and are not yet …

The Role Of Cell Sterilization In Population Based Studies Of Radiogenic Second Cancers Following Radiation Therapy, Annelise Giebeler

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Advances in radiotherapy have generated increased interest in comparative studies of treatment techniques and their effectiveness. In this respect, pediatric patients are of specific interest because of their sensitivity to radiation induced second cancers. However, due to the rarity of childhood cancers and the long latency of second cancers, large sample sizes are unavailable for the epidemiological study of contemporary radiotherapy treatments. Additionally, when specific treatments are considered, such as proton therapy, sample sizes are further reduced due to the rareness of such treatments. We propose a method to improve statistical power in micro clinical trials. Specifically, we use a …

Development In Physics Simulations With Gpu Architecture: Triumphs And Tribulations, Akito D. Kawamura

Von Braun Symposium Student Posters

No abstract provided.

Paleomagnetism And Investigation Of 40 Ma Lavas, Liverpool Range, New South Whales, Australia, Nathan M. Padilla

Physics

The main focus of this project is the continued study of a reversal of the earth’s magnetic field recorded from lavas in the Liverpool Range of New South Whales, Australia. This reverse-to-normal transition, recently dated at ~40 Ma, was first reported in Nature in 1986. [2] In March 2011 some 200+ cores were drilled from several sections about the volcanic range—Jemmy’s Creek, Bald Hill, Rock Creek, Yarraman, and Coolah Tops Road. Here we focus on paleomagnetic findings from samples drilled from the most extensive section, that being along the trail near Jemmy’s Creek. Results from alternating field demagnetization show the …

A Model Of So-Called "Zebra" Emissions In Solar Flare Radio Burst Continua, R. A. Treumann, R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann

Dartmouth Scholarship

A simple mechanism for the generation of elec- tromagnetic “Zebra” pattern emissions is proposed. “Zebra” bursts are regularly spaced narrow-band radio emissions on the otherwise broadband radio continuum emitted by the ac- tive solar corona. The mechanism is based on the generation of an ion-ring distribution in a magnetic mirror geometry in the presence of a properly directed field-aligned electric po- tential field. Such ion-rings or ion-conics are well known from magnetospheric observations. Under coronal condi- tions they may become weakly relativistic. In this case the ion-cyclotron maser generates a number of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron harmonics which modulate the electron maser …

Ionic Alkalihalides As Pressure Media In Dac Experiments, Julius Monello

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

In Diamond Anvil Cells (DACs), usually a pressure transmitting medium functions to transform the uniaxial pressure supplied by the opposing diamond anvils into uniform hydrostatic pressure acting on the sample. Conventionally, a 4-1 methanol-ethanol solution, or a 16-3-1 methanol-ethanol-water solution is used as pressure transmitting medium. However, these two solutions transform into a glass with high elastic shear strength at pressures around 12-14 GPa and no longer function as hydrostatic medium. Our goal was to determine if liquid ionic alkalihalide alkanolate complexes will provide more uniform pressure in the cell up to 20 GPa. Ruby (Cr-doped AlP,) produces two Cr"+ …

Exploring Methods For Earthquake Prediction: The Effects Of Water On The Flow Of Stress-Activated Electric Currents In Igneous Rocks, Aaron M. Jahoda, Friedemann T. Freund

STAR Program Research Presentations

Much of the devastation and damage of earthquakes can be attributed to the fact that they occur suddenly and without much warning, which limits the ability of people to evacuate and/or properly prepare. One method, however, that might be used to predict seismic events is the generation of electric currents in rocks when stresses are applied. It is observed in this research that the application of direct force onto samples of igneous rock causes the rocks to generate a measurable current, which is attributed to positive-hole charges moving within the oxygen sub-lattice. Because large and changing forces are acted upon …

Dual Energy Computed To Mography For Proton Therapy Treatment Planning, Ming Yang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Proton radiation therapy is gaining popularity because of the unique characteristics of its dose distribution, e.g., high dose-gradient at the distal end of the percentage-depth-dose curve (known as the Bragg peak). The high dose-gradient offers the possibility of delivering high dose to the target while still sparing critical organs distal to the target. However, the high dose-gradient is a double-edged sword: a small shift of the highly conformal high-dose area can cause the target to be substantially under-dosed or the critical organs to be substantially over-dosed. Because of that, large margins are required in treatment planning to ensure adequate dose …

The Development And Implementation Of An Anthropomorphic Head Phantom For The Assessment Of Proton Therapy Treatment Procedures, Paige A. Summers

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Proton therapy has become an increasingly more common method of radiation therapy, with the dose sparing to distal tissue making it an appealing option, particularly for treatment of brain tumors. This study sought to develop a head phantom for the Radiological Physics Center (RPC), the first to be used for credentialing of institutions wishing to participate in clinical trials involving brain tumor treatment of proton therapy. It was hypothesized that a head phantom could be created for the evaluation of proton therapy treatment procedures (treatment simulation, planning, and delivery) to assure agreement between the measured dose and calculated dose within …

Evaluation Of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (Imrt) Delivery Error Due To Imrt Treatment Plan Complexity And Improperly Matched Dosimetry Data, Jacqueline R. Tonigan

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a technique that delivers a highly conformal dose distribution to a target volume while attempting to maximally spare the surrounding normal tissues. IMRT is a common treatment modality used for treating head and neck (H&N) cancers, and the presence of many critical structures in this region requires accurate treatment delivery. The Radiological Physics Center (RPC) acts as both a remote and on-site quality assurance agency that credentials institutions participating in clinical trials. To date, about 30% of all IMRT participants have failed the RPC’s remote audit using the IMRT H&N phantom. The purpose …

Super-Resolution For Imagery From Integrated Microgrid Polarimeters, Russell C. Hardie, Daniel A. Lemaster, Bradley M. Ratliff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Imagery from microgrid polarimeters is obtained by using a mosaic of pixel-wise micropolarizers on a focal plane array (FPA). Each distinct polarization image is obtained by subsampling the full FPA image. Thus, the effective pixel pitch for each polarization channel is increased and the sampling frequency is decreased. As a result, aliasing artifacts from such undersampling can corrupt the true polarization content of the scene. Here we present the first multi-channel multi-frame super-resolution (SR) algorithms designed specifically for the problem of image restoration in microgrid polarization imagers. These SR algorithms can be used to address aliasing and other degradations, without …

Variable Renewable Energy In Modeling Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert J. Brecha, Gunnar Luderer, Patrick Sullivan, Eva Schmid, Nico Bauer, Diana Böttger

Physics Faculty Publications

This paper addresses the issue of how to account for short‐term temporal variability of renewable energy sources and power demand in long‐term climate change mitigation scenarios in energy‐economic models. An approach that captures in a stylized way the major challenges to the integration of variable renewable energy sources into power systems has been developed. As a first application this approach has been introduced to REMIND‐D, a hybrid energy‐economy model of Germany. An approximation of the residual load duration curve is implemented. The approximating function endogenously changes depending on the penetration and mix of variable renewable power. The approach can thus …

Saturated Absorption For A Magneto-Optical Atom Trap As A Step Toward Atomic Dipole Traps In A Diffraction Pattern From A Circular Aperture, Andrew Ferdinand

Physics

Neutral atom quantum computing is a promising avenue toward the realization of a physical quantum computer. The diffraction pattern formed by laser light immediately behind a circular aperture can be used as optical atomic dipole traps, and has the potential to be scaled up to create a two dimensional array of individually addressable qubit sites. In working towards experimental demonstration of the dipole traps, we are constructing a MOT. The function of the MOT is to cool and trap ⁸⁷Rb in a localized cloud in our vacuum chamber, which will be used to load the dipole traps. One critical …

Analysis Of Flow Fields In A Flexible Tube With Periodic Constriction, Swati Mukhopadhyay, Prativa R. De, Mani S. Mandal, G. C. Layek

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Numerical techniques based on pressure-velocity formulation have been adopted to solve approximately, the governing equations for viscous flows through a tube (simulating an artery) with a periodic constriction. The effect of the constriction as well as the rigid of the tube, on the flow characteristics, and its consequences for arterial disease is the focus of this investigation. The unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by using the finite-difference technique in staggered grid distribution. The haemodynamic factors like wall shear stress, pressure and velocity are analyzed through their graphical representations. Maximum resistance is attained in case of rigid stenosed tube rather …

Multidimensional Inverse Boundary Value Problem For A System Of Hyperbolic Equations, M. A. Guliev, E. M. El-Hadidi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the paper we investigate the solvability of the inverse multidimensional boundary value problem for the system of hyperbolic type equations. A method is proposed to reduce the considered problem to some non infinite system of differential equations. The proposed method allows one to prove the existence and uniqueness theorems for the multidimensional inverse boundary value problems in the class of the functions with bounded smoothness.

Logistic Curves, Extraction Costs And The Effective Size Of Oil Resources, Robert J. Brecha

Physics Faculty Publications

The size of potential fossil fuel resources is an issue of perennial interest and controversy. Fundamentally, there appears to be a conflict in interpretation of available data for both past and future extraction histories. As fossil-fuel prices rose dramatically over the past several years, the question of resources once again became acute. In this paper we concentrate on conventional and non-conventional oil resources and make four main points, with the overarching theme that one can determine an effective oil resource that represents significantly less availability for consumption than usually posited by tallying resources in place.

First, looking at oil production …

Projected Pinhole Diffraction, David Moore

Physics

The goal of this experiment was to observe the effects of passing light through a pinhole, more specifically, to observe the interference and diffraction that occurs due to the pinhole and to successfully achieve CCD camera recording of a projected diffraction pattern from a pinhole. This experiment involved the diffraction of a laser incident upon a 100-mm diameter circular aperture. The diffraction pattern is then projected using a 100-mm focal length plano-convex lens. The lens allows for the pattern to be magnified and stretched a few focal lengths past the lens where it can be then viewed using a CCD …

Development Of A Cubesat Instrument For Microgravity Particle Damper Performance Analysis, John Trevor Abel

Master's Theses

Spacecraft pointing accuracy and structural longevity requirements often necessitate auxiliary vibration dissipation mechanisms.  However, temperature sensitivity and material degradation limit the effectiveness of traditional damping techniques in space.  Robust particle damping technology offers a potential solution, driving the need for microgravity characterization.   A 1U cubesat satellite presents a low cost, low risk platform for the acquisition of data needed for this evaluation, but severely restricts available mass, volume, power and bandwidth resources.  This paper details the development of an instrument subject to these constraints that is capable of capturing high resolution frequency response measurements of highly nonlinear particle damper dynamics.

Symbolic Quantum Circuit Simplification In Sympy, Matthew Curry

Physics

In the field of quantum information science, one can design a series of quantum logic operations known as a circuit. Circuits are the basis for quantum computations in quantum computing. As circuits will most likely be designed from a logical standpoint, there could exist mathematical redundancies which will lead to a larger circuit than necessary. These redundancies are computationally expensive, and there is a need for them to be found and eliminated to simplify the circuit. We present our research on finding the rules for simplifying circuits and its implementation in SymPy.

Analysis Of Mueller Matrices Of Metamaterials And Multiferroics, Paul D. Rogers

Dissertations

The optical spectra of complex materials such as magnetic-dielectric media, magnetoelectric and multiferroic crystals, materials with intrinsic chirality, and metamaterials are studied. These media are important both for: (i) their interesting optical effects, such as Negative Index of Refraction (NIR) and impedance matching; and (ii) possible device applications such as switching devices and anti-reflection coatings. Proper characterization of complex materials requires advanced spectroscopic approaches and the development of theoretical models for data analysis. Berreman’s 4´4 matrix formalism is used to derive forward models for the optical spectra of Reflectivity, Transmission, Rotating Analyzer Ellipsometry (RAE), and Mueller Matrices (MM). The forward …

G-Factors For Ternary Crystals Of Groups Iii And V, Liviu Mateescu

Theses

The objective of this thesis is to present a method of calculating the g-factors of ternary crystals of III-V group elements.

There is an increasing interest in knowing the magnetic behavior of different semiconductor materials, due to advances in the domain of spintronics. The g-factors were calculated for the conduction electrons, since they have the greatest contribution to the magnetic properties of the crystal. The thesis presented here proposes a method to calculate the magnetic g-factor of whole families of crystals made of three elements, of the form A_1-xB_xC, for eleven values, x ε {0, 0.1, …

The Quantum Dialectic, Logan Kelley

Pitzer Senior Theses

A philosophic account of quantum physics. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I is dedicated to laying the groundwork of quantum physics, and explaining some of the primary difficulties. Subjects of interest will include the principle of locality, the quantum uncertainty principle, and Einstein's criterion for reality. Quantum dilemmas discussed include the double-slit experiment, observations of spin and polarization, EPR, and Bell's theorem. The first part will argue that mathematical-physical descriptions of the world fall short of explaining the experimental observations of quantum phenomenon. The problem, as will be argued, is framework of the physical descriptive schema. Part …

Prioritizing Investment In Residential Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy: A Case Study For The U.S. Midwest, Robert J. Brecha, Austin Mitchell, Kevin P. Hallinan, J. Kelly Kissock

Physics Faculty Publications

Residential building energy use is an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and in the United States represents about 20% of total energy consumption. A number of previous macro-scale studies of residential energy consumption and energy-efficiency improvements are mainly concerned with national or international aggregate potential savings. In this paper we look into the details of how a collection of specific homes in one region might reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, with particular attention given to some practical limits to what can be achieved by upgrading the existing residential building stock. Using a simple model of residential, single-family home …

Guateca: A Carbon Footprint Viability Analysis, Kyle Reynolds

Physics

This report seeks to analyze the carbon footprint of the Guateca summer school program in 2011 run by Dr. Pete Schwartz. Through use of the listed carbon footprints of various substances in a Materials Engineering database, the CO₂ emissions associated with various technologies and practices to be implemented by Guateca in the village of San Pablo, Guatemala are calculated and compared to estimated emissions of alternative standard practices that are currently in use or might be in the near future. The results are varied, and while many are heavily reliant on how well they can be implemented, most of …