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Articles 1 - 30 of 97
Full-Text Articles in Engineering Physics
Correlating Aerosol Morphology And Optical Properties With Image Blur: An Investigation Of Aerosol-Induced Image Degradation, Patricia A. Byrd
Correlating Aerosol Morphology And Optical Properties With Image Blur: An Investigation Of Aerosol-Induced Image Degradation, Patricia A. Byrd
Theses and Dissertations
Small-angle scattering by relatively large cloud/fog droplets and ice crystals is known to degrade imagery. However, it is not well investigated how much of an impact aerosols, especially the prevalent anthropogenic fine/ultra-fine/coarse particles, have in image degradation. This thesis explores the contribution of aerosols to image blur but focuses on collecting field data with a relatively large variety of ambient aerosol characterization and optical instrumentation. Field experiments were conducted over six days, correlating aerosol measurements (particle counters and nephelometer) with image quality from a visible camera along a 450m path. Image blur was quantified using the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), …
Improving Static Cold Storage Life Of The Human Heart Before Transplant, Juan Sebastian Rodriguez Paez
Improving Static Cold Storage Life Of The Human Heart Before Transplant, Juan Sebastian Rodriguez Paez
Theses and Dissertations
Organ storage and transportation are critical steps for the success of organ transplantation. Static cold storage (SCS) of hearts for heart transplantation (HTx) remains the standard approach. However, SCS may involve damage to the tissue resulting from extended hypothermic preservation, potentially affecting organ viability. More over, the temperature distribution on and within the heart is unknown during heart transplantation. Therefore, there is an interest to study different stages of the heart transplantation process towards determining the 3D temperature distribution on and within the heart. There could be a possibility of having a hypothermic injury in different parts of the heart …
Feasibility Of A Zero-Length Spring Gravimeter For Use In Portal Monitoring, Matthew C. Stone
Feasibility Of A Zero-Length Spring Gravimeter For Use In Portal Monitoring, Matthew C. Stone
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, gravimeters have become sensitive enough to theoretically measure masses of interest at distances relevant for portal monitoring. Characterizing the re[1]sponse of the gravimeter to close range masses across a large solid angle is necessary before attempting to demonstrate a portal-monitoring-like measurement due to this mission being outside the scope of typical gravimeter operations. The characterization of the gravimeter focused on three primary topics. For the position-dependent bias, it is found that the models used overestimate the expected observed gravity when the test mass is closest to the gravimeter in four out of seventeen experiments and under[1]estimate the …
Photoluminescence Of Beryllium-Related Defects In Gallium Nitride, Mykhailo Vorobiov, Mykhailo Vorobiov
Photoluminescence Of Beryllium-Related Defects In Gallium Nitride, Mykhailo Vorobiov, Mykhailo Vorobiov
Theses and Dissertations
This study explores the potential of beryllium (Be) as an alternative dopant to magnesium (Mg) for achieving higher hole concentrations in gallium nitride (GaN). Despite Mg prominence as an acceptor in optoelectronic and high-power devices, its deep acceptor level at 0.22 eV above the valence band limits its effectiveness. By examining Be, this research aims to pave the way to overcoming these limitations and extend the findings to aluminum nitride and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) alloy. Key contributions of this work include. i)Identification of three Be-related luminescence bands in GaN through photoluminescence spectroscopy, improving the understanding needed for further material …
Effect Of Annealing On Photoluminescence From Defects In Gan, Oleksandr Andrieiev
Effect Of Annealing On Photoluminescence From Defects In Gan, Oleksandr Andrieiev
Theses and Dissertations
Annealing is a critical process in modern GaN technology, essential for achieving p-type conductivity by activating the MgGa acceptor, as first demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura in the early 1990s. Despite the omnipresence of hydrogen as an impurity in GaN crystals, the precise mechanisms governing hydrogen diffusion and acceptor passivation remain only partially understood. The presented research investigates the effects of annealing-induced activation and hydrogen passivation on C and Be acceptors in GaN grown by MOCVD, HVPE, and MBE methods. We explored these effects by using several annealing techniques, gas compositions, and thermal regimes. A transient behavior between the C …
Analysis Of Coronal Magnetic Field Parameters During X- And M-Class Solar Flares, Seth H. Garland
Analysis Of Coronal Magnetic Field Parameters During X- And M-Class Solar Flares, Seth H. Garland
Theses and Dissertations
Using Non-Linear Force Free Field (NLFFF) extrapolation, 3D magnetic fields were modeled from the 12-minute cadence Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) photospheric vector magnetograms, spanning a time period of one hour before through one hour after the start of 18 X-class flares and 12 M-class flares. Several magnetic field parameters were calculated from the modeled fields directly – as well as from the power spectrum of surface maps generated by summing the fields along the vertical axis – for two different regions: areas with photospheric Bz ≥ 300 G (Active Region – AR) and areas above the photosphere with the …
Direct Measurement Of The 114cd(N, Gamma)115cd Cross Section In The 1 Ev To 300 Kev Energy Range, Kofi Tutu Addo Assumin-Gyimah
Direct Measurement Of The 114cd(N, Gamma)115cd Cross Section In The 1 Ev To 300 Kev Energy Range, Kofi Tutu Addo Assumin-Gyimah
Theses and Dissertations
The large thermal cross section of cadmium makes it ideal for many practical applications where screening of thermal neutrons is desired. For example, in non-destructive assay techniques, or for astrophysical studies of the s-process. All such applications require precise knowledge of the neutron-capture cross section on cadmium. Although there are some data on neutron-capture cross sections particularly at thermal energies and at energies relevant for astrophysics, there is very little data at most other energies. Further, the evaluated cross sections from the ENDF and JENDL databases disagree at high energies. Therefore, there is a critical need for precise knowledge of …
Coupling To Quantum Topological Order In Superconducting Qubit Systems, Seth T. Hyra
Coupling To Quantum Topological Order In Superconducting Qubit Systems, Seth T. Hyra
Theses and Dissertations
The coupling of superconducting qubits to non-trivial topological phases offers a means of improving existing quantum computational capabilities in lieu of a fully realized topological quantum computer. I will show that although such systems do not completely avoid the necessary errors associated with an energetic qubit basis, they do provide a potential avenue for decoherence free quantum memory. Further, the physics behind such systems enables exploration of the nature of non-Abelian anyons, as well as the remaining challenges in realization of true topological quantum computation.
Towards An Understanding Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of Crtao4: A Computational Perspective, Tanner B. Gordon
Towards An Understanding Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of Crtao4: A Computational Perspective, Tanner B. Gordon
Theses and Dissertations
Materials that can withstand higher temperatures are paramount for next-generation aircraft design. Hypersonic capabilities and jet-turbine engines operate in extreme environments. Choosing materials that have high thermal stability and oxidation resistance for these applications can increase engine efficiency, reduce size, weight and power (SWaP), and increase the maneuverability of the aircraft. The mixed oxide CrTaO4 has been experimentally observed to significantly contribute to oxidation resistance at high temperatures. However, and despite its significance, its properties remain largely unknown. This work explores the thermal properties of this material from a multi-scale approach, by obtaining an accurate description of the thermodynamics …
Mechanisms Of Emulsion Destabilization: An Investigation Of Surfactant, Stabilizer, And Detergent Based Formulations Using Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy, Jordan N. Nowaczyk
Mechanisms Of Emulsion Destabilization: An Investigation Of Surfactant, Stabilizer, And Detergent Based Formulations Using Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy, Jordan N. Nowaczyk
Theses and Dissertations
Conventional approaches for studying emulsions, such as microscopy and macroscopic phase tracking, present challenges when it comes to establishing detailed mechanistic descriptions of the impact of emulsifier and stabilizer additives. Additionally, while a combination of sizing methods and macroscopic phase tracking can provide insights into droplet size changes and concentration, the use of multiple measurements can be cumbersome and error-prone. It is the focus of this work, to present a new method for studying water in oil (W/O) emulsions that involves using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) to examine the impact of three different surface stabilizing additives at varying concentrations. By …
Efficiency Quantification For Pulsed-Source Digital Holographic Wavefront Sensing, Steven A. Owens
Efficiency Quantification For Pulsed-Source Digital Holographic Wavefront Sensing, Steven A. Owens
Theses and Dissertations
The efficiencies of a digital holography (DH) system in the pulsed configuration and the off-axis image plane recording geometry are analyzed. First, the system efficiencies of an infrared-wavelength DH system in a homodyne-pulsed configuration are measured and compared to those of a visible-wavelength DH system in a homodyne-continuous-wave (CW) configuration. The total-system, excess-reference-noise, shot-noise-limit, and mixing efficiencies of the pulsed-source system were found to be consistent with those of the CW-source system. This indicated no new efficiencies were necessary to characterize pulsed-source systems when no temporal delay exists between the pulses. The consistency of efficiencies also showed infrared DH systems …
Full Pattern Analysis And Comparison Of The Center Fed And Offset Fed Cassegrain Antennas With Large Focal Length To Diameter Ratios For High Power Microwave Transmission, Derek W. Mantzke
Theses and Dissertations
High power microwaves (HPM) have been a topic of research since the Cold War era. This paper will present a comparison between two Cassegrain-type antennas: the axially, or center fed, and the offset fed. Specifically, the 10 GHz operating frequency will be investigated with large focal length to diameter () ratios. Beam patterns which encompass the entire radiation pattern will be included for data validation and optimization. The simulations will follow a design of experiments factorial model to ensure all possible combinations of prescribed parameters are included, including an analysis of variance (ANOVA) study to find parameter influence on the …
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Sporadic-E (Es) occurrence rates from Global Position Satellite radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements have shown to vary by nearly an order of magnitude between studies, motivating a comparison with ground-based measurements. In an attempt to find an accurate GPS-RO technique for detecting Es formation, occurrence rates derived using five previously developed GPS-RO techniques are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight-year period from 2010-2017. GPS-RO measurements within 170 km of a ionosonde site are used to calculate Es occurrence rates and compared to the ground-truth ionosonde measurements. Each technique is compared individually for each ionosonde site and then combined to determine …
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Theses and Dissertations
Topological systems are immune to decoherence and provide a hunting ground for qubits that are fault tolerant. The process of calculating linear operator representations of Majorana fermion exchanges or braids is well known and well documented; however, there is no documented intuition or algorithm which provides the opposite; braids from quantum gates. In this document, all possible linear representations of single, double, triple, and quadruple qubit gates are calculated to find several key patterns which provide crucial insight into the manifestation of qubit gates. A n x n gate will require n + 2 Majoranas with ½n + 1 trivial …
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Theses and Dissertations
This effort models fast burst reactors using the one dimensional, one group neutron diffusion equation to solve for the time eigenvalue, a method for which an analytical solution exists against which the numerical results can be verified. An existing solution method is enhanced by the addition of a second order accurate finite volume discretization, which is then used to model two separate fast burst reactors. The results of these models are then compared to the results of previous work, the analytical solution, and existing experimental burst width data for each of the two reactors.
Spectroscopic Diagnostics For Supersonic Air Microwave Discharges, James E. Caplinger
Spectroscopic Diagnostics For Supersonic Air Microwave Discharges, James E. Caplinger
Theses and Dissertations
Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is an increasingly relevant technique in plasma diagnostics due to its inherent non-invasive nature and simple application relative to other popular techniques. In this work, common OES techniques are combined with novel methods, developed here, in an effort to provide comprehensive OES techniques for stationary and supersonic air microwave discharges. To this end, a detailed collisional-radiative model for strong atomic oxygen lines has been developed and used to identify the importance of often overlooked mechanisms including cascade emission and metastable excitation. Using these results, a combined argon actinometry technique was developed which makes use of the …
Electron Emission And Transport Properties Database For Spacecraft Charging Models, Phil Lundgreen
Electron Emission And Transport Properties Database For Spacecraft Charging Models, Phil Lundgreen
Theses and Dissertations
Modeling the rate and likelihood of spacecraft charging during spacecraft mission is critical to determine mission length, proposed spacecraft attitude, and spacecraft design. The focus of this work is the creation and utilization of a database of secondary electron yield (SEY) measurements for a host of materials to increase accuracy in spacecraft modeling. Traditional methods of SEY data selection for input into spacecraft charging codes typically include the use of compiled materials databases incorporated in charging codes or selecting values from a specific scientific study. The SEY database allows users to select data inputs based upon the details associated with …
Enhanced Brdf Modeling Using Directional Volume Scatter Terms, Michael W. Bishop
Enhanced Brdf Modeling Using Directional Volume Scatter Terms, Michael W. Bishop
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) models provide critical scatter behavior for computer graphics and remote sensing performance. The popular microfacet class of BRDF models is geometric-based and computationally inexpensive compared to wave-optics models. Microfacet models commonly account for surface scatter and Lambertian volume scatter, but not directional volume scatter. This work proposes directional volume scatter modeling for enhanced performance over all observation regions. Five directional volume models are incorporated into the modified Cook-Torrance microfacet model. Additionally, a semi-empirical directional volume term is presented based on the Beckmann microfacet distribution and a modified Fresnel reflection term. High fidelity, low density …
Targeted Germanium Ion Irradiation Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors, Melanie E. Mace
Targeted Germanium Ion Irradiation Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors, Melanie E. Mace
Theses and Dissertations
Microscale beams of germanium ions were used to target different locations of aluminum galliumnitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to determine location dependent radiation effects. 1.7 MeV Ge ions were targeted at the gap between the gate and the drain to observe displacement damage effects while 47 MeV Ge ions were targeted at the gate to observe ionization damage effects. Electrical data was taken pre, during, and post irradiation. To separate transient from permanent degradation, the devices were characterized after a room temperature anneal for at least 30 days. Optical images were also analyzed pre and post irradiation. …
Effects Of Sinusoidal Phase Modulation On Signal-To-Noise Ratio In A Digital Holography System, Davin Mao
Effects Of Sinusoidal Phase Modulation On Signal-To-Noise Ratio In A Digital Holography System, Davin Mao
Theses and Dissertations
Digital holography (DH) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for tactical applications which involve in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In practice, DH uses a strong reference beam from a local oscillator (LO) to scale SNR, however since DH relies on the interference of a signal beam with a mutually coherent LO, the coherence properties of the master oscillator (MO) can degrade system SNR for long range engagements. In this thesis, a digital holography system in the off-axis image plane recording geometry was assembled and used to measure the effects of the coherence properties of the MO on SNR. …
Variations Of Heavy Ion Abundances Relative To Proton Abundances In Large Solar Energetic Particle Events, Joseph F. Round
Variations Of Heavy Ion Abundances Relative To Proton Abundances In Large Solar Energetic Particle Events, Joseph F. Round
Theses and Dissertations
Past studies of heavy ions (Z>2) in large (E>10 MeV/nuc) gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events have focused on elemental abundances relative to those of a single element, such as Fe or O, and have often neglected ionized H (the primary element used for space weather purposes). This work analyzes SEP abundances in a group of 15 large gradual SEP events from 2000 to 2015 across the energy range of 13.5-50.7 MeV. Hourly flux averages of He, C, O, Mg and Fe from the Advanced Composition Explorer/Solar Isotope Spectrometer (ACE/SIS) are compared to two-hour averages of H flux …
Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed
Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed
Theses and Dissertations
Nanomagnetic devices have been projected as an alternative to transistor-based switching devices due to their non-volatility and potentially superior energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency is enhanced by the use of straintronics which involves the application of a voltage to a piezoelectric layer to generate a strain which is ultimately transferred to an elastically coupled magnetostrictive nanomaget, causing magnetization rotation. The low energy dissipation and non-volatility characteristics make straintronic nanomagnets very attractive for both Boolean and non-Boolean computing applications. There was relatively little research on straintronic switching in devices built with real nanomagnets that invariably have defects and imperfections, or their adaptation …
Electrical Characterization Of Crystalline Uo2, Tho2 And U0.71Th0.29O2, Christina L. Dugan
Electrical Characterization Of Crystalline Uo2, Tho2 And U0.71Th0.29O2, Christina L. Dugan
Theses and Dissertations
Uranium dioxide (UO2), thorium dioxide (ThO2), and UxTh1-xO2 alloys are characterized for suitability in uranium-based neutron detectors. ThO2 was studied for an envisioned UO2/ThO2 heterojunction. A U0.71Th0.29O2 alloy was studied because of its resistance to oxidation and potential use in surface passivation. The U0.71Th0.29O2 effective Debye temperature of 217± 24 K was measured using temperature-dependent x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The specific heat capacity for the U0.71Th0.29O2 alloy was calculated from the Debye …
Improving Detection Of Dim Targets: Optimization Of A Moment-Based Detection Algorithm, Shannon R. Young
Improving Detection Of Dim Targets: Optimization Of A Moment-Based Detection Algorithm, Shannon R. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Wide area motion imagery (WAMI) sensor technology is advancing rapidly. Increases in frame rates and detector array sizes have led to a dramatic increase in the volume of data that can be acquired. Without a corresponding increase in analytical manpower, much of these data remain underutilized. This creates a need for fast, automated, and robust methods for detecting dim, moving signals of interest. Current approaches fall into two categories: detect-before-track (DBT) and track-before-detect (TBD) methods. The DBT methods use thresholding to reduce the quantity of data to be processed, making real time implementation practical but at the cost of the …
Two-Photon Excitation Of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics And Spectroscopy, Ricardo C. Davila
Two-Photon Excitation Of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics And Spectroscopy, Ricardo C. Davila
Theses and Dissertations
Pulsed excitation on the two-photon Cs 62S½ → 72D3/2,5/2 transition results in time-resolved fluorescence at 697 nm and 672 nm. The rates for fine structure mixing between the 72D3/2,5/2 states have been measured for helium and argon rare gas collision partners. The mixing rates are very fast, 1.26 ± 0.05 x 10-9 cm3/(atom sec) for He and 1.52 ± 0.05 x 10-10 cm3 /(atom sec) for Ar, driven by the small energy splitting and large radial distribution for the valence electron. …
A Comparison Of High Frequency Angle Of Arrival And Ionosonde Data During A Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, Kalen L. Knippling
A Comparison Of High Frequency Angle Of Arrival And Ionosonde Data During A Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, Kalen L. Knippling
Theses and Dissertations
High Frequency (HF) geolocation techniques are commonly used to track the source of uncooperative HF emitters. A traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) makes geolocation particularly difficult due to large perturbations in the local ionospheric electron density profile. Angle of Arrival (AoA) and ionosonde virtual height measurements collected at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico in January 2014, are analyzed during a medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbance. TID characteristics are extracted from the measurements, and a comparison between the data sets is per- formed to provide a measure of correlation as a function of distance and time between the ionosonde and AoA …
Total Electron Count Variability And Stratospheric Ozone Effects On Solar Backscatter And Lwir Emissions, John S. Ross
Total Electron Count Variability And Stratospheric Ozone Effects On Solar Backscatter And Lwir Emissions, John S. Ross
Theses and Dissertations
The development of an accurate ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) model is of critical importance to High Frequency (HF) radio wave propagation. However, the TEC is highly variable and is continuously influenced by geomagnetic storms, extreme Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, diurnal variation, and planetary waves. The ability to capture this variability is essential to improve current TEC models. Analysis of the growing body of data involving ionospheric fluctuations and thermal tides has revealed persistent correlation between increases in stratospheric ozone and variability of the TEC. The spectral properties of ozone show that it is a greenhouse gas that alters longwave emissions …
Rbhe Potential Energy Surface Sensitivity Study, Ethan D. Thorp
Rbhe Potential Energy Surface Sensitivity Study, Ethan D. Thorp
Theses and Dissertations
This paper studies how alterations of features of RbHe potential energy surfaces (PES) for a diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) system effect the collisional cross section. The Split-Operator method is used to propagate a wave function along these PES and because they are radially coupled, the wave function can be transmitted from the starting surface to other energy surfaces. This transmittance is encoded in the correlation function. The full Hamiltonian used for propagation consists of the electronic potential, the nuclear kinetic energy, and the Coriolis coupling. The correlation function is used to generate the Scattering Matrix elements. These elements describe …
Quantitative Analysis And Process Of High Speed Live Cell Interferometry Measurements, Daniel Guest
Quantitative Analysis And Process Of High Speed Live Cell Interferometry Measurements, Daniel Guest
Theses and Dissertations
The application of auto focus, using an optical beam deflection technique, to existing live cell interferometry measurements was developed and examined. The benefit to relevant experiments, currently being performed, is shown as well as its performance across various magnifications. Enough information is given so that the system can be reproduced to fit any end users needs.
Evaluation Of Hydrothermally Synthesized Uranium Dioxide For Novel Semiconductor Applications, Christopher M. Young
Evaluation Of Hydrothermally Synthesized Uranium Dioxide For Novel Semiconductor Applications, Christopher M. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Neutron radiation detection is an important part of the national strategy for nonproliferation efforts worldwide. Key to the success of these programs is detector material development which establishes the limits of efficiency, sensitivity, and power usage for a detector of practical use. This research focused upon the study of neutron detection using single crystal actinide compounds, specifically UO2, taking advantage of the successful hydrothermal synthesis of UO2 at the Air Force Research Laboratories. Initial indications are that this material may be of sufficient quality for semiconductor application.