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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Engineering Physics
Direct Measurement Of The 114cd(��, ��)115cd Cross Section In The 1 Ev To 300 Kev Energy Range, Kofi Tutu Addo Assumin-Gyimah
Direct Measurement Of The 114cd(��, ��)115cd Cross Section In The 1 Ev To 300 Kev Energy Range, Kofi Tutu Addo Assumin-Gyimah
Theses and Dissertations
The large thermal cross section of cadmium makes it ideal for many practical applications where screening of thermal neutrons is desired. For example, in non-destructive assay techniques, or for astrophysical studies of the s-process. All such applications require precise knowledge of the neutron-capture cross section on cadmium. Although there are some data on neutron-capture cross sections particularly at thermal energies and at energies relevant for astrophysics, there is very little data at most other energies. Further, the evaluated cross sections from the ENDF and JENDL databases disagree at high energies. Therefore, there is a critical need for precise knowledge of …
Mechanisms Of Emulsion Destabilization: An Investigation Of Surfactant, Stabilizer, And Detergent Based Formulations Using Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy, Jordan N. Nowaczyk
Mechanisms Of Emulsion Destabilization: An Investigation Of Surfactant, Stabilizer, And Detergent Based Formulations Using Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy, Jordan N. Nowaczyk
Theses and Dissertations
Conventional approaches for studying emulsions, such as microscopy and macroscopic phase tracking, present challenges when it comes to establishing detailed mechanistic descriptions of the impact of emulsifier and stabilizer additives. Additionally, while a combination of sizing methods and macroscopic phase tracking can provide insights into droplet size changes and concentration, the use of multiple measurements can be cumbersome and error-prone. It is the focus of this work, to present a new method for studying water in oil (W/O) emulsions that involves using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) to examine the impact of three different surface stabilizing additives at varying concentrations. By …
Efficiency Quantification For Pulsed-Source Digital Holographic Wavefront Sensing, Steven A. Owens
Efficiency Quantification For Pulsed-Source Digital Holographic Wavefront Sensing, Steven A. Owens
Theses and Dissertations
The efficiencies of a digital holography (DH) system in the pulsed configuration and the off-axis image plane recording geometry are analyzed. First, the system efficiencies of an infrared-wavelength DH system in a homodyne-pulsed configuration are measured and compared to those of a visible-wavelength DH system in a homodyne-continuous-wave (CW) configuration. The total-system, excess-reference-noise, shot-noise-limit, and mixing efficiencies of the pulsed-source system were found to be consistent with those of the CW-source system. This indicated no new efficiencies were necessary to characterize pulsed-source systems when no temporal delay exists between the pulses. The consistency of efficiencies also showed infrared DH systems …
Full Pattern Analysis And Comparison Of The Center Fed And Offset Fed Cassegrain Antennas With Large Focal Length To Diameter Ratios For High Power Microwave Transmission, Derek W. Mantzke
Theses and Dissertations
High power microwaves (HPM) have been a topic of research since the Cold War era. This paper will present a comparison between two Cassegrain-type antennas: the axially, or center fed, and the offset fed. Specifically, the 10 GHz operating frequency will be investigated with large focal length to diameter () ratios. Beam patterns which encompass the entire radiation pattern will be included for data validation and optimization. The simulations will follow a design of experiments factorial model to ensure all possible combinations of prescribed parameters are included, including an analysis of variance (ANOVA) study to find parameter influence on the …
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Topological Realizations Of Entangling Quantum Gates, Adrian D. Scheppe
Theses and Dissertations
Topological systems are immune to decoherence and provide a hunting ground for qubits that are fault tolerant. The process of calculating linear operator representations of Majorana fermion exchanges or braids is well known and well documented; however, there is no documented intuition or algorithm which provides the opposite; braids from quantum gates. In this document, all possible linear representations of single, double, triple, and quadruple qubit gates are calculated to find several key patterns which provide crucial insight into the manifestation of qubit gates. A n x n gate will require n + 2 Majoranas with ½n + 1 trivial …
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Nonlinear Solution Of The Time Eigenvalue Of A Fast Burst Reactor Using The Finite Volume Method, Stephen H. Baxter
Theses and Dissertations
This effort models fast burst reactors using the one dimensional, one group neutron diffusion equation to solve for the time eigenvalue, a method for which an analytical solution exists against which the numerical results can be verified. An existing solution method is enhanced by the addition of a second order accurate finite volume discretization, which is then used to model two separate fast burst reactors. The results of these models are then compared to the results of previous work, the analytical solution, and existing experimental burst width data for each of the two reactors.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
A Comparison Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates Using Ionosondes And Gps Radio Occultation Measurements, Rodney A. Carmona Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Sporadic-E (Es) occurrence rates from Global Position Satellite radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements have shown to vary by nearly an order of magnitude between studies, motivating a comparison with ground-based measurements. In an attempt to find an accurate GPS-RO technique for detecting Es formation, occurrence rates derived using five previously developed GPS-RO techniques are compared to ionosonde measurements over an eight-year period from 2010-2017. GPS-RO measurements within 170 km of a ionosonde site are used to calculate Es occurrence rates and compared to the ground-truth ionosonde measurements. Each technique is compared individually for each ionosonde site and then combined to determine …
Spectroscopic Diagnostics For Supersonic Air Microwave Discharges, James E. Caplinger
Spectroscopic Diagnostics For Supersonic Air Microwave Discharges, James E. Caplinger
Theses and Dissertations
Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is an increasingly relevant technique in plasma diagnostics due to its inherent non-invasive nature and simple application relative to other popular techniques. In this work, common OES techniques are combined with novel methods, developed here, in an effort to provide comprehensive OES techniques for stationary and supersonic air microwave discharges. To this end, a detailed collisional-radiative model for strong atomic oxygen lines has been developed and used to identify the importance of often overlooked mechanisms including cascade emission and metastable excitation. Using these results, a combined argon actinometry technique was developed which makes use of the …
Electron Emission And Transport Properties Database For Spacecraft Charging Models, Phil Lundgreen
Electron Emission And Transport Properties Database For Spacecraft Charging Models, Phil Lundgreen
Theses and Dissertations
Modeling the rate and likelihood of spacecraft charging during spacecraft mission is critical to determine mission length, proposed spacecraft attitude, and spacecraft design. The focus of this work is the creation and utilization of a database of secondary electron yield (SEY) measurements for a host of materials to increase accuracy in spacecraft modeling. Traditional methods of SEY data selection for input into spacecraft charging codes typically include the use of compiled materials databases incorporated in charging codes or selecting values from a specific scientific study. The SEY database allows users to select data inputs based upon the details associated with …
Enhanced Brdf Modeling Using Directional Volume Scatter Terms, Michael W. Bishop
Enhanced Brdf Modeling Using Directional Volume Scatter Terms, Michael W. Bishop
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) models provide critical scatter behavior for computer graphics and remote sensing performance. The popular microfacet class of BRDF models is geometric-based and computationally inexpensive compared to wave-optics models. Microfacet models commonly account for surface scatter and Lambertian volume scatter, but not directional volume scatter. This work proposes directional volume scatter modeling for enhanced performance over all observation regions. Five directional volume models are incorporated into the modified Cook-Torrance microfacet model. Additionally, a semi-empirical directional volume term is presented based on the Beckmann microfacet distribution and a modified Fresnel reflection term. High fidelity, low density …
Targeted Germanium Ion Irradiation Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors, Melanie E. Mace
Targeted Germanium Ion Irradiation Of Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors, Melanie E. Mace
Theses and Dissertations
Microscale beams of germanium ions were used to target different locations of aluminum galliumnitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to determine location dependent radiation effects. 1.7 MeV Ge ions were targeted at the gap between the gate and the drain to observe displacement damage effects while 47 MeV Ge ions were targeted at the gate to observe ionization damage effects. Electrical data was taken pre, during, and post irradiation. To separate transient from permanent degradation, the devices were characterized after a room temperature anneal for at least 30 days. Optical images were also analyzed pre and post irradiation. …
Effects Of Sinusoidal Phase Modulation On Signal-To-Noise Ratio In A Digital Holography System, Davin Mao
Effects Of Sinusoidal Phase Modulation On Signal-To-Noise Ratio In A Digital Holography System, Davin Mao
Theses and Dissertations
Digital holography (DH) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for tactical applications which involve in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In practice, DH uses a strong reference beam from a local oscillator (LO) to scale SNR, however since DH relies on the interference of a signal beam with a mutually coherent LO, the coherence properties of the master oscillator (MO) can degrade system SNR for long range engagements. In this thesis, a digital holography system in the off-axis image plane recording geometry was assembled and used to measure the effects of the coherence properties of the MO on SNR. …
Variations Of Heavy Ion Abundances Relative To Proton Abundances In Large Solar Energetic Particle Events, Joseph F. Round
Variations Of Heavy Ion Abundances Relative To Proton Abundances In Large Solar Energetic Particle Events, Joseph F. Round
Theses and Dissertations
Past studies of heavy ions (Z>2) in large (E>10 MeV/nuc) gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events have focused on elemental abundances relative to those of a single element, such as Fe or O, and have often neglected ionized H (the primary element used for space weather purposes). This work analyzes SEP abundances in a group of 15 large gradual SEP events from 2000 to 2015 across the energy range of 13.5-50.7 MeV. Hourly flux averages of He, C, O, Mg and Fe from the Advanced Composition Explorer/Solar Isotope Spectrometer (ACE/SIS) are compared to two-hour averages of H flux …
Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed
Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed
Theses and Dissertations
Nanomagnetic devices have been projected as an alternative to transistor-based switching devices due to their non-volatility and potentially superior energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency is enhanced by the use of straintronics which involves the application of a voltage to a piezoelectric layer to generate a strain which is ultimately transferred to an elastically coupled magnetostrictive nanomaget, causing magnetization rotation. The low energy dissipation and non-volatility characteristics make straintronic nanomagnets very attractive for both Boolean and non-Boolean computing applications. There was relatively little research on straintronic switching in devices built with real nanomagnets that invariably have defects and imperfections, or their adaptation …
Electrical Characterization Of Crystalline Uo2, Tho2 And U0.71Th0.29O2, Christina L. Dugan
Electrical Characterization Of Crystalline Uo2, Tho2 And U0.71Th0.29O2, Christina L. Dugan
Theses and Dissertations
Uranium dioxide (UO2), thorium dioxide (ThO2), and UxTh1-xO2 alloys are characterized for suitability in uranium-based neutron detectors. ThO2 was studied for an envisioned UO2/ThO2 heterojunction. A U0.71Th0.29O2 alloy was studied because of its resistance to oxidation and potential use in surface passivation. The U0.71Th0.29O2 effective Debye temperature of 217± 24 K was measured using temperature-dependent x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The specific heat capacity for the U0.71Th0.29O2 alloy was calculated from the Debye …
Improving Detection Of Dim Targets: Optimization Of A Moment-Based Detection Algorithm, Shannon R. Young
Improving Detection Of Dim Targets: Optimization Of A Moment-Based Detection Algorithm, Shannon R. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Wide area motion imagery (WAMI) sensor technology is advancing rapidly. Increases in frame rates and detector array sizes have led to a dramatic increase in the volume of data that can be acquired. Without a corresponding increase in analytical manpower, much of these data remain underutilized. This creates a need for fast, automated, and robust methods for detecting dim, moving signals of interest. Current approaches fall into two categories: detect-before-track (DBT) and track-before-detect (TBD) methods. The DBT methods use thresholding to reduce the quantity of data to be processed, making real time implementation practical but at the cost of the …
Evaluation And Quantification Of Diffractive Plenoptic Camera Algorithm Performance, Jack A. Shepherd Iii
Evaluation And Quantification Of Diffractive Plenoptic Camera Algorithm Performance, Jack A. Shepherd Iii
Theses and Dissertations
A diffractive plenoptic camera is a novel approach to the traditional plenoptic camera which replaces the main optic with a Fresnel zone plate making the camera sensitive to wavelength instead of range. However, algorithms are necessary to reconstruct the image produced by plenoptic cameras. While many algorithms exist for traditional plenoptic cameras, their ability to create spectral images in a diffractive plenoptic camera is unknown. This paper evaluates digital refocusing, super resolution, and 3D deconvolution through a Richardson-Lucy algorithm as well as a new Gaussian smoothing algorithm. All of the algorithms worked well near the Fresnel zone plate design wavelength, …
A Comparison Of High Frequency Angle Of Arrival And Ionosonde Data During A Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, Kalen L. Knippling
A Comparison Of High Frequency Angle Of Arrival And Ionosonde Data During A Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, Kalen L. Knippling
Theses and Dissertations
High Frequency (HF) geolocation techniques are commonly used to track the source of uncooperative HF emitters. A traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) makes geolocation particularly difficult due to large perturbations in the local ionospheric electron density profile. Angle of Arrival (AoA) and ionosonde virtual height measurements collected at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico in January 2014, are analyzed during a medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbance. TID characteristics are extracted from the measurements, and a comparison between the data sets is per- formed to provide a measure of correlation as a function of distance and time between the ionosonde and AoA …
Two-Photon Excitation Of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics And Spectroscopy, Ricardo C. Davila
Two-Photon Excitation Of Cesium Alkali Metal Vapor 72D, 82D Kinetics And Spectroscopy, Ricardo C. Davila
Theses and Dissertations
Pulsed excitation on the two-photon Cs 62S½ → 72D3/2,5/2 transition results in time-resolved fluorescence at 697 nm and 672 nm. The rates for fine structure mixing between the 72D3/2,5/2 states have been measured for helium and argon rare gas collision partners. The mixing rates are very fast, 1.26 ± 0.05 x 10-9 cm3/(atom sec) for He and 1.52 ± 0.05 x 10-10 cm3 /(atom sec) for Ar, driven by the small energy splitting and large radial distribution for the valence electron. …
Rbhe Potential Energy Surface Sensitivity Study, Ethan D. Thorp
Rbhe Potential Energy Surface Sensitivity Study, Ethan D. Thorp
Theses and Dissertations
This paper studies how alterations of features of RbHe potential energy surfaces (PES) for a diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) system effect the collisional cross section. The Split-Operator method is used to propagate a wave function along these PES and because they are radially coupled, the wave function can be transmitted from the starting surface to other energy surfaces. This transmittance is encoded in the correlation function. The full Hamiltonian used for propagation consists of the electronic potential, the nuclear kinetic energy, and the Coriolis coupling. The correlation function is used to generate the Scattering Matrix elements. These elements describe …
Total Electron Count Variability And Stratospheric Ozone Effects On Solar Backscatter And Lwir Emissions, John S. Ross
Total Electron Count Variability And Stratospheric Ozone Effects On Solar Backscatter And Lwir Emissions, John S. Ross
Theses and Dissertations
The development of an accurate ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) model is of critical importance to High Frequency (HF) radio wave propagation. However, the TEC is highly variable and is continuously influenced by geomagnetic storms, extreme Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, diurnal variation, and planetary waves. The ability to capture this variability is essential to improve current TEC models. Analysis of the growing body of data involving ionospheric fluctuations and thermal tides has revealed persistent correlation between increases in stratospheric ozone and variability of the TEC. The spectral properties of ozone show that it is a greenhouse gas that alters longwave emissions …
Quantitative Analysis And Process Of High Speed Live Cell Interferometry Measurements, Daniel Guest
Quantitative Analysis And Process Of High Speed Live Cell Interferometry Measurements, Daniel Guest
Theses and Dissertations
The application of auto focus, using an optical beam deflection technique, to existing live cell interferometry measurements was developed and examined. The benefit to relevant experiments, currently being performed, is shown as well as its performance across various magnifications. Enough information is given so that the system can be reproduced to fit any end users needs.
Passively Estimating Index Of Refraction For Specular Reflectors Using Polarimetric Hyperspectral Imaging, Jacob A. Martin
Passively Estimating Index Of Refraction For Specular Reflectors Using Polarimetric Hyperspectral Imaging, Jacob A. Martin
Theses and Dissertations
As off-nadir viewing platforms becoming increasingly prevalent in remote sensing, material classification and ID techniques robust to changing viewing geometries must be developed. Traditionally, either reflectivity or emissivity are used for classification, but these quantities vary with viewing angle. Instead, estimating index of refraction may be advantageous as it is invariant with respect to viewing geometry. This work focuses on estimating index of refraction from LWIR (875-1250 wavenumbers) polarimetric hyperspectral radiance measurements.
Evaluation Of Hydrothermally Synthesized Uranium Dioxide For Novel Semiconductor Applications, Christopher M. Young
Evaluation Of Hydrothermally Synthesized Uranium Dioxide For Novel Semiconductor Applications, Christopher M. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Neutron radiation detection is an important part of the national strategy for nonproliferation efforts worldwide. Key to the success of these programs is detector material development which establishes the limits of efficiency, sensitivity, and power usage for a detector of practical use. This research focused upon the study of neutron detection using single crystal actinide compounds, specifically UO2, taking advantage of the successful hydrothermal synthesis of UO2 at the Air Force Research Laboratories. Initial indications are that this material may be of sufficient quality for semiconductor application.
Capturing Atmospheric Effects On 3-D Millimeter Wave Radar Propagation Patterns, Richard D. Cook
Capturing Atmospheric Effects On 3-D Millimeter Wave Radar Propagation Patterns, Richard D. Cook
Theses and Dissertations
The need to model millimeter wave (MMW) radar propagation is imperative to proper design of aeronautical, civil, and military systems. Traditional radar propagation modeling is done using a path transmittance with little to no input for weather and atmospheric conditions. As radar advances into the MMW regime, atmospheric effects, such as attenuation and refraction, become more pronounced than at traditional radar wavelengths. The DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Offices High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), in combination with the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) code, is a powerful tool for simulating laser propagation and effects tied …
Beyond Conventional C-Plane Gan-Based Light Emitting Diodes: A Systematic Exploration Of Leds On Semi-Polar Orientations, Morteza Monavarian
Beyond Conventional C-Plane Gan-Based Light Emitting Diodes: A Systematic Exploration Of Leds On Semi-Polar Orientations, Morteza Monavarian
Theses and Dissertations
Despite enormous efforts and investments, the efficiency of InGaN-based green and yellow-green light emitters remains relatively low, and that limits progress in developing full color display, laser diodes, and bright light sources for general lighting. The low efficiency of light emitting devices in the green-to-yellow spectral range, also known as the “Green Gap”, is considered a global concern in the LED industry. The polar c-plane orientation of GaN, which is the mainstay in the LED industry, suffers from polarization-induced separation of electrons and hole wavefunctions (also known as the “quantum confined Stark effect”) and low indium incorporation efficiency that …
Understanding And Design Of An Arduino-Based Pid Controller, Dinesh Bista
Understanding And Design Of An Arduino-Based Pid Controller, Dinesh Bista
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents research and design of a Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller that uses a microcontroller (Arduino) platform. The research part discusses the structure of a PID algorithm with some motivating work already performed with the Arduino-based PID controller from various fields. An inexpensive Arduino-based PID controller designed in the laboratory to control the temperature, consists of hardware parts: Arduino UNO, thermoelectric cooler, and electronic components while the software portion includes C/C++ programming. The PID parameters for a particular controller are found manually. The role of different PID parameters is discussed with the subsequent comparison between different modes …
Fabricating Superhydrophobic And Superoleophobic Surfaces With Multiscale Roughness Using Airbrush And Electrospray, Karam N. Almilaji
Fabricating Superhydrophobic And Superoleophobic Surfaces With Multiscale Roughness Using Airbrush And Electrospray, Karam N. Almilaji
Theses and Dissertations
Examples of superhydrophobic surfaces found in nature such as self-cleaning property of lotus leaf and walking on water ability of water strider have led to an extensive investigation in this area over the past few decades. When a water droplet rests on a textured surface, it may either form a liquid-solid-vapor composite interface by which the liquid droplet partially sits on air pockets or it may wet the surface in which the water replaces the trapped air depending on the surface roughness and the surface chemistry. Super water repellent surfaces have numerous applications in our daily life such as drag …
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) are a new type of laser that uses alkali metal vapor as a gain medium and a buffer gas to control the line shape and kinetics. While these systems were first demonstrated in 2003 [48] they have just recently been scaled to the kilowatt power levels in 2012 [18]. To achieve these powers, the design of the gain cell relied on a set of incomplete line shape and kinetic data. The current focus areas of DPAL research are the continued power scaling of the systems and basic science research into the rates involved within the …
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research into anisotropic materials has assumed certain properties in order to make the underlying mathematics tractable. One of the assumptions is the alignment of the optical axes with the laboratory frame of reference, such as split-ring resonators lying at on the material plane. This assumption does not hold true for many metamaterials, such as tilted nanorods. Techniques such as ellipsometry are needed to analyze the effective characteristics of these highly anisotropic structures. In this research, tilted nanorods are analyzed using generalized ellipsometry to extract the indices of the optical axes. The underlying physics of ellipsometry is then used to …