Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Controlling Yellow-Billed Magpies (Pica Nuttalli), Rex Lynda Ii

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

The yellow-billed magpie is a little smaller than the American or black-billed magpie, but the difference in size is very slight. The birds look exactly alike, except one has a black beak and the other has a yellow bill and a bit of yellow skin back of the eye.There are concentrated populations in the Los Banos area, Gustine area, and along the course of the Merced River comprising about 19,100 acres. They are occasionally seen in other areas of the County, but only infrequently observed in the southwestern portion of the County. The heaviest populations are in walnut orchards, dairy …

Mole And Woodrat Control, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

MOLES: In regions where moles thrive, lawns in golf courses, parks, cemeteries and home yards are often made unsightly by dirt mounds and ridges pushed up by the active little animals. In cultivated land, moles may cause consider¬able economic loss through their burrowings. Mole control can be divided into six basic categories: exclusion, repellents, gases, toxic baits, reduction of food supply, and trapping. Un¬changed over the years, trapping is still considered the most reliable of all methods of control, however, under certain conditions or situations, the other methods of control may be extremely useful. WOOD RATS: The native wood rat …

Banquet Address: People, Pests And Some Plans, Daniel G. Aldrich Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

We can probably say that the California way of farming has made California fanners the most over-run hosts to vertebrate pests in the agricultural world. We can certainly say, too, that new pests—and here I don't mean people--are on their way. I'm told that the starlings are just exploring here now. The relatives are coming later. We'll see, and hear, a lot more of them. Our problem is: How do we keep from being such good hosts to our small vertebrate guests? I have been told by experts that right now the vertebrate pest control man is woefully underequipped for …

Control Of Pocket Gophers, Maynard W. Cummings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Pocket gophers occur only in North and Central America but within this vast area few other native rodent groups are more widely distributed (Anthony, 1928). None are more adaptable, either to natural extremes of habitat or to changed conditions brought about by agricultural development and other man-made environmental modifications. They occupy coastal areas, inland plains and valleys, desert and alpine meadow, from sea level to above timber line in a multitude of vegetation and soil types. This practically universal distribution has, of course, led to the recognition by naturalists of many species and subspecies. California alone contains at least 75 …

Methods Of Controlling Starlings And Blackbirds, Adolph Zajanc

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Most people have accepted the fact that all living things can be beneficial to mankind in some way or other. This is especially true of our wild birds, since they provide enjoyment and wholesome recreation for most of us, regardless of whether we live on farms or in the city. But despite the fact that wild birds are for the most part beneficial, at times individuals or populations of certain species can seriously affect man's interests. When such situations occur, some measures of relief are desirable and usually eagerly sought. This report is not intended to answer all the questions …

Control Of Meadow Mice, Kangaroo Rats, Prairie Dogs,, John A. Ludeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Meadow mice, kangaroo rats, prairie dogs and cotton rats are broadly classified as field rodents. The control of their populations have been necessary since man first began to farm and raise livestock within the areas in which these rodents live. The intensity of control has varied with land values and the population fluctuation of the rodents. Rodent control, like other farming practices must be profitable to the land owner, or he cannot afford to undertake a control program. If he is to continue in business his control efforts must be done efficiently and as successfully as possible. To accomplish these …

Vertebrate Pest Control Conference: Contents

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Proceedings of a meeting held at Sacramento, California, February 6-7, 1962. Sponsored by National Pest Control Association, 250 West Jersey Street, Elizabeth, New Jersey, and California Vertebrate Pest Control Technical Committee.
GENERAL CHAIRMAN OF CONFERENCE: Walter E. Howard, Associate Vertebrate Ecologist, Field Station Administration, University of California, Davis, California

Control Methods For Snakes, Elbert M. Brock, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 1st (1962)

Of the various types of wildlife that home owners find undesirable, snakes are probably the leading offenders. Because of much false teaching, many persons have a great dread of even non-venomous snakes; hence control often is practiced when not needed. Nevertheless, very few people are willing to accept the presence of snakes in their gardens or their yards, especially if there is a concern for children playing in the area. For this reason snake control is often desirable about homes and suburban housing areas. Other situations where controls might be justified are recreation areas, farms, bird sanctuaries, duck nesting marshes, …

Stilling Coastal Sand Drifts With Marram Grass, J L. Mcmullan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

DRIFTS in dunes on the coast between Albany and Geraldton may be stabilised by planting marram grass (Ammophila arenaria).

However, it should be anticipated that much of the planted grass will die before an area is finally stabilised.

Light Lands In Western Australia. 2. Their Nature, Distribution And Climate, George Henry Burvill

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

LIGHT land development for agriculture is a major feature in the story of agriculture in Western Australia. Sixty years ago there was less than one million acres of arable land.

The total area planted to all crops was less than 250 thousand acres and the wheat harvest was less than one million bushels.

Winter Management Of Salt Land, T C. Stoneman

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WITH the emergence of crops, many farmers will again be seeing bare patches or thin stands of cereals due to salt accumulation.

Would these areas be better left out of cultivation, or should they have been planted to saltbush and bluebush?

Farm Flora Sancturies, Robert Dunlop Royce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

NOW that several species of native plants have become totally extinct and many more are becoming rare almost to the point of extinction, interest in the scientific and aesthetic potential of the West Australian flora is awakening.

Flooding Of Salt Land, C V. Malcolm

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Many farmers have expressed concern and some have gone to considerable expense in trying to alleviate flooding problems on salt affected land.

Some consideration will be given here to flooding, its causes, effects on salt encroachment, methods of prevention and alleviation.

Palatability Of Forage Plants In North-West Sheep Pastures, R H. Collett

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A DECLINE in carrying capacity has occurred in large areas of the Pilbara district of the North-West, due to the decrease in palatable plants and the increase in unpalatable ones.

The relative palatability of the various species to sheep is therefore a matter of considerable importance to pastoralists.

Fallowing And Soil Conservation, J E. Watson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Soil Conservationists don't always disapprove of fallowing, says Soil Conservation Service adviser J. E. Watson.

They are prepared to compromise, and accept fallowing as a useful practice where it means better pasture establishment or more effective land reclamation.

Reclaiming Salt Land With Bluebush, Stanley Thomas Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

IN Western Australia there are approximately a million acres of salt land, some of which is a serious economic problem to individual farmers, unfortunate enough to have the major portion of their properties affected by salt encroachment.

Wild Life In A Modern Age, Clee Francis Howard Jenkins

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE present human population of the earth is estimated at about 2 1/2 thousand million, and reliable sources consider that this figure will be doubled by the year 2000.

Although the pessimistic forecasts of Malthus have not yet come true, it is obvious that the world's food requirements, must lead to increased exploitation of land and other primary resources, with consequent repercussions on all forms of wild life.

Industrial Wastes: Bio-Assays For Control Of Industrial Effluents, Croswell Henderson, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Waste effluents from many industries are toxic to fish and other aquatic life. The control or treatment of these wastes for safe release into receiving waters presents a problem of consider able magnitude.

Much effort has been expended by some industries to solve this problem, primarily through chemical analysis for possible toxic components and then generally by a search of the literature to find out how toxic a particular component may be. Unfortunately, this approach has not been successful, nor can it be expected to be productive of satisfactory answers.

Stream Pollution- Aquatic Macro-Invertebrate Communities As Indicators Of Organic Pollution In Lytle Creek, Arden R. Gaufin, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Year-round field studies of the com position and ecology of stream communities associated with the purification of organic wastes in streams were initiated on Lytle Creek in October, 1949. This creek, which is located about 45 miles northeast of Cincinnati, Ohio, is a tributary of the Little Miami River. Its drainage basin comprises 27 sq. mi., a third of which is contained within the city limits of Wilmington, Ohio, a city of some 7,412 persons

Industrial Wastes, Charles E. Renn

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This paper presents a summary of experiences with a variety of cyanogenic wastes. The work has attempted to evaluate the interaction of waste bearing waters and the environment in terms of waste disposal design requirements. In this, the approach is somewhat more critical than that commonly taken by fisheries biologists, conservationists, and others who have been concerned with the "preventive" aspects of waste disposal.

The first phases of the work were designed to discover the tolerable limits of certain waste components to fresh water fish. This was undertaken in 1950; in the interval the composition of the wastes has been …

Stream Pollution, Ruth Patrick

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This paper discusses the various ways in which aquatic organisms may be of use in solving problems associated with waste disposal. Since many state and federal laws set forth that nothing may be discharged that is deleterious to aquatic life, the most expedient way to determine the effect of an effluent is to study the aquatic organisms themselves.

In every river that has not been adversely affected by pollution there is a great variety of aquatic life. These organisms do not represent a great mass of living things, but rather they are organized into an intricately balance systems, often referred …

It's Time To Take Stock

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Likening colleges and universities to the automobile industry may seem far-fetched, but is it? Each is engaged in fashioning and selling necessary products- one trained men, the other mechanical equipment. Both entered the post-war years with production at low ebb; unable to satisfy pent-up customer demands. Time and high-speed assembly lines have bridged the gap of gas buggy shortage. The impact of selective buying by a discriminating public is now real cause for concern among some of the motor moguls. Rumor has had it that schools teaching wildlife management are overproducing. We decided to gather facts and opinions at the …

Public Health Reports, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Preliminary tests with DDT for the control of mosquitoes, forest insects, and agricultural pests demonstrated that it was toxic to a wide variety of animal life. Because there were indications that the new insecticide would be widely used, apprehension was expressed by some groups that its extensive or indiscriminate use would cause extensive harm to wildlife.

The desirability of carefully controlled use was early recognized by those in charge of extensive programs for the control of insects of public health importance. A joint statement of policy for the use of DDT issued early in 1945 (1) by the Army and …

Observations On The Nighttime Resting And Biting Habits Of Anopheline Mosquitoes In Ddt-Treated And-Untreated Buildings, Clarence M. Tarzwell, Frank W. Fisk

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Laboratory cage tests and controlled experiments in houses have clearly demonstrated that residual-spray deposits of DDT are lethal to mosquitoes for considerable periods. Although these tests valuable information on the durability of DDT residual deposits, they did not give information on the mortality of malaria mosquitoes naturally entering treated dwellings in search of a blood meal. In order to secure a lethal dose of DDT from residual deposits, mosquitoes must actually touch the material and be exposed to it for a considerable period. This period has been shown to vary (1), depending on the temperature, age of treatment, density and …

The Feeding Habits Of Gambusia Affinis Affinis, With Special Reference To The Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Quadrimaculatus, A.D. Hess, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The viviparous top minnow, Gambusia affinis affinis (Baird and Girard), has for many years been considered an important predator of the immature stages of mosquitoes. Various field workers have reported on the value of this species in controlling both anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, but few detailed studies have been made. Probably the most detailed of these has been that of Hildebrand (1925). His investigations were made during the summers of 1921-24 in the vicinity of Augusta, Ga., with the subspecies G. affinis holbrooki. Employing the common dipper method, he compared the densities of anopheline and culicine larvae and pupae in …

An Analysis Of Fishing In The Tva Impoundments During 1939, R. William Eschmeyer, Clarence M. Tarzwell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

An inventory of fishing on Norris, a storage reservoir, was begun in 1938. The following year it was extended to Wheeler, a run-of-the-river reservoir, and to the tailwater area below Wilson Dam. This inventory, therefore, covered each of the three general types of fish habitats created by the TVA dams. This discussion is a summary of the 1939 fishing data, together with recommendations for fish management based on the creel census information. The data collected totaled 34,270 usable fishing records, representing a catch of 98,495 fishes.

Recent Advances In Biological Methods Of Sewage Treatment, H. O. Halvorson, George Savage, Edgar Piret

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Sewer System More Than A Million Years Old, Department Of Library Special Collections

Research Collections

Article about the sewer system in early Bowling Green that used fissures in the limestone as a natural sewer; it then flows out to the river. Henry Jameson is shown and an outcropping of oolitic limestone in Reservoir Hill park.