Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

The Pocatello Supply Depot, Adolph Zajanc

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The Pocatello Supply Depot is operated by the Division of Wildlife Services, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, a branch of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service--all a part of the Department of Interior. The major purpose of the Supply Depot is to provide rodent and predator control materials not available to the general public, to cooperating Federal, State and private agencies. On occasion materials are also provided to Canada and to South American countries as well as other foreign countries after a review of justification by the Central Office.

Some Vertebrate Pest Problems In Japan, Tatsuo Udagawa

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The wildlife in Japan does more damage in outbreaks in forestry than in agriculture. Hares annually damage in excess of 250 thousand acres. Voles annually damage 50 to 100 thousand acres; in some areas great damage may occur suddenly. The giant flying squirrel damages areas of replanted trees in southern areas of Japan. The Himalayan black bear strips the bark on tree trunks. In agriculture, the sparrow and the duck do an excessive amount of damage in rice fields, and the boar does conspicuous harm in the plowed fields of mountain villages. In Okinawa, sugar cane is attacked by Rattus …

The Role Of The Wildlife Refuge In Relief Of Vertebrate Pest Damage In Agriculture, John B. Cowan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Wildlife Refuges in the upper Sacramento Valley of California carry out a very significant role in the relief of wildlife problems to agriculture. The degree and diversity of vertebrate pest control effort by these refuges vary with local conditions and with environmental and budgetary limitations. Both the California Department of Fish and Game and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service consider the relief of crop damage to agriculture one of their most important functions. This is demonstrated by existing programs at the Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter National Wildlife Refuges and the California Fish and Game Gray Lodge Wildlife …

Bird Damage Problems In Latin America, John W. De Grazio, Jerome F. Besser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

In 1968 and 1969, biologists of the Denver Wildlife Research Center made field surveys in six Latin American countries to obtain information on bird damage problems in agriculture under an agreement with the Agency for International Development. Species of icterids, fringillids, psittids, columbids, and anatids caused most of the damage. Grain sorghum, corn, and rice were damaged most heavily. Other crops such as soybeans, wheat, cacao, and mangoes were also damaged, but seldom seriously.

Reproduction Inhibitors For Bird Control, M. R. Woulfe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Reproduction inhibitors are intended to maintain or control a population at a desired level; toxicants aim at elimination of the population. Azocosterol hydrochloride (SC-12937; 20,25-diazocholestenol dihydrochloride) is a long acting inhibitor of ovulation in the pigeon (Columba liyia) by interfering with cholesterol synthesis and egg yolk formation. Corn impregnated with SC-12937 at the 0.1% level by weight and fed for 10 days has been found to inhibit or diminish reproduction for 5-6 months. Population turnover rate, mortality and longevity of the feral urban pigeon are also discussed.

House Finch (Linnet) Control In California, Thomas K. Palmer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The house finch or linnet, Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say) is a protected migratory nongame bird indigenous to California and found abundantly in all but the northern and mountainous areas. These finches attack more than twenty different crops and damage is demonstrated by fruit pecks, seed removal, and disbudding. When house finches cause agricultural damage control measures must be carried out under the general supervision of a county agricultural commissioner. Control practices involve the use of toxic baits, trap-decoy stations, and bio-acoustical devices. Most importantly, these control methods have been demonstrated to be safe, selective, and successful when employed by persons …

Importation Of Wildlife, Holger S. Larsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The importation of live birds, mammals, reptiles, fish and amphibians into the United States is a growing problem to law enforcement agencies of the Federal and State governments. Importation of the above types of animals into the United States is supervised by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, of the U. S. Department of the Interior. The function is of a regulatory nature: 1. to insure that no prohibited species enter the United States; 2. to enforce compliance with certain Federal Acts such as (a) the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, (b) the Lacey Act, Title 18 USC, Sec. 42, …

Current Work On Bird Hazards To Aircraft, Victor E. F. Solman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Collisions between birds and aircraft have caused loss of human life and millions of dollars worth of property damage. The advent of even larger planes may reduce airframe damage, but it seems doubtful that engine damage will be significantly reduced. Dealing with the problem biologically, involves combating the hazards caused both by birds on or near the ground at airfields, and by birds on mass migrations at altitudes up to several thousand feet above ground. Airports can be designed or altered to minimize their attraction to birds. The chance arrival of a flock of birds must be treated as an …

The Organisation Of Rabbit Control (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) In Western Australia, A. R. Tomlinson, C. D. Gooding

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

ABSTRACT: Under Western Australian legislation, landholders have an obligation to control rabbits on their properties; local authorities the responsibility to supervise their work whilst the Agriculture Protection Board has a Statewide supervisory and co-ordination role. Prior to 1950 (when the Agriculture Protection Board was formed) the central role was in the hands of a Government department which, through lack of staff and money was unable to provide adequate supervision, and rabbits were in plague proportions. Since 1950, the Board has actively engaged in a vigorous policy aimed at tighter control and supervision. To enable this, the Board has entered into …

Rodenticides - Problems And Current Research, F. P. Rowe, J. H. Greaves, R. Redfern, A. D. Martin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Regarded from both the economic and health aspects, the control of rodents is a pressing world wide problem. Continued improvements in food storage facilities, crop husbandry and environmental control are likely to do much in the long-term to help reduce rodent populations and damage. Looking ahead again, it is possible that biological control methods involving for example the use of reproduction inhibitors or rodent predators or diseases may ultimately be developed for rodent control purposes. In the immediate future however it is likely that rodent control operations will continue to be based on the use of rodenticides.

A Permanent Type Poison Station For Porcupine Control, William A. Neitro

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

A method has been devised to protect the poison strychnine-salt blocks used in controlling porcupines, Erethizon dorsatum, from the weather, killing of non-target animals and vandalism. An aluminum poison bait station has been developed which is light weight, durable, camouflaged, and safe. These structures are easily constructed and are relatively inexpensive when longevity is considered. Porcupines are controlled effectively and economically using this method

Conference Participants -- 4th Vertebrate Pest Conference,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

The Fourth Vertebrate Pest Conference was the largest ever, with 275 registered participants and an estimated additional 50 to 75 persons who attended portions of the conference but did not register. The attendance was made up of individuals having varying interests in vertebrate pest problems, including foresters, agriculturalists, conservationists, pest control operators, vector control specialists, health officials, wildlife specialists, product distributors and manufacturers, instructors and researchers from twenty nine states plus the District of Columbia. Participants from Canada, England, Germany and Japan provided an international touch which contributed greatly to the success of the conference.

Carbamate Baits Discourage Blackbirds From Using Feedlots, Paul P. Woronecki, Joseph L. Guarino, Jerome F. Besser, John W. De Grazio

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) have been discouraged from using cattle feedlots near Denver, Colorado, by baiting alleys with cracked corn treated with an aversion-producing immobi1izing agent, DRC-736 [4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate]. In three studies, large populations of redwings were reduced 70% - 98% within a few days and protection lasted about a month. In a fourth study, simultaneous baiting of three heavily used feedlots reduced redwing use by more than 90% within hours and was apparently responsible for these birds abandoning their roost and relocating in areas where they caused little trouble. Mortality was low (less than 5% of affected redwings in …

Closing Remarks - Fourth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee, which sponsors these conferences, I wish to thank all of the speakers for their contribution to the program and the session chairmen who kept the meeting moving so smoothly. We would like to extend a special thanks to the speakers and participants who have come from other countries to share with us some of their knowledge concerning vertebrate pest problems and their solutions. Hopefully, the acquaintances made here and the exchange of information with our colleagues from distant places will be the beginning of long-lasting friendships and will foster better communications between …

Surfactants As Blackbird Stressing Agents, Paul W. Lefebvre, John L. Seubert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 4th (1970)

Applications of wetting-agent solutions produce mortality in birds. The exact cause of death is undetermined, but it is believed that destruction of the insulating qualities of the plumage permits ambient cold temperatures and evaporation to lower the body temperature to a lethal level. The original concept of using these materials as bird-control tools was developed in 1958 at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Laurel, Maryland. Early field trials by personnel of the Division of Wildlife Services and the Denver Wildlife Research Center indicated that ground-application techniques had promise, but limitations of the equipment precluded …

Factors Affecting Relocation In Response To Reservoir Development, Rabel J. Burdge, Richard L. Ludtke

KWRRI Research Reports

The focus of this paper is on the question of how rural people anticipate forced moves as a result of flood control projects and how they change their life in accepting separation from familiar surroundings.

A model of faced migration is presented which sees the variables of socioeconomic status, knowledge of reservoir projects, vested interests and the degree of identification with place of affected persons as producing differential apprehension over moving. Differential apprehension is then seen as producing different attitudes toward the project which will influence the type of migration plans.

To test this model of forced migration, data were …

Study To Save Block Island, Designer's News, May 19,1969, Students Of Risd, Risd Archives

Ecology and Environment

RISD Landscape Architecture Study to Save Block Island Article from Designer's News, May 19, 1969 student newspaper.

Shed Lambing In The Esperance Environment, T Marshall, F. F. Dixon

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Neonatal lamb mortality is often high in Western Australia and losses as high as 33 per cent, have been recorded on private properties in the Esperance area. Surveys by Western Australian Department of Agriculture officers have indicated that more than threequarters of such lamb deaths occur after birth. About half these deaths result from the combined effects of weather and mismothering.

Work in Victoria has indicated that lamb mortality may be reduced by intensive lambing systems such as shedding and this trial was established to see if shedding could reduce lamb mortality in the Esperance environment.

Overgrazing And Wind Erosion, J R H Riches

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

OVER the last few years wind erosion during the autumn in the wheatbelt districts has become increasingly evident.

This has occurred under normal seasonal conditions and observations in this article are not related to unusual conditions such as the extremely low rainfall during the current season.*

Pasture : Corner-Stone Of Soil Conservation, W J. Burdass

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

LEGUME PASTURE is the basis of prosperity in farming in the agricultural areas of Western Australia.

The livestock industry could not thrive without it and it also maintains fertility and soil structure for the cereal growing industry.

It is, in fact, the comer-stone on which the soil conservation conscious farmer rests his soil management.

Biological Studies Of Selected Reaches And Tributaries Of The Colorado River, Nelson Thomas, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration

Publications (WR)

This report fulfills the request of the Colorado River Basin Project, Denver, Colorado, to determine the effects of municipal and industrial wastes on the aquatic life in selected waters of the Colorado River Basin. These studies were conducted with the assistance of personnel from the Colorado River Basin Project.

Problems Of Pollution: Benefits, Risks And Regulations, Richard E. Pogue, Dean E. Abrahamson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The growing concern of the scientific community and informed segments of the public about the proliferation of untested nuclear power plants demands further evaluation of their environmental impact before irrevocable decisions are mode. This paper considers the problem of low-level radioactive wastes controllable at the source. A brief background is given of the governmental agencies concerned with radiation monitoring and protection. The underlying philosophy behind radiation protection and the guidelines for putting this philosophy into practice are considered. The risk implicit in these guidelines is assessed in terms of the expected increased incidence of specific injuries to human populations.

Biological Aspects Of Heat Pollution, Theodore Olson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The importance of temperature as an environmental factor has long been recognized by the ecologist, and its special impact upon the aquatic ecosystem has been of interest to aquatic biologists since they first began to observe interactions between living things and the physical environment. Interest in water temperatures as an environmental factor has recently become more widespread; and one aspect of the phenomenon, namely "thermal pollution," has attracted special attention.

Discharge Of Radioactive And Thermal Wastes, Richard E. Pogue, Dean E. Abrahamson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A combination of several economic factors, together with growing concern about air pollution associated with conventional, fossil-fuel electric generating facilities, hos contributed to the increase in size and number of nuclear-powered plants. Although these nuclear plants are "clean" from the standpoint of conventional air pollutants, they must dispose of thermal and radioactive wastes. This paper outlines the sources and quantities of these wastes, based on technical data for the boiling-water reactor proposed for Monticello, Minnesota.

West Midlands Development : Farm Planning, G W. Spencer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FARM planning relates to the development and sub-division of a property in such a way that it is possible to obtain the safest, most efficient, and most practical use of every acre of land.

The Ord River Regeneration Project. 2. Dealing With The Problem, K Fitzgerald

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE PROGRAMME of protective and remedial work being undertaken in the Ord River catchment area had as its major objective the re-establishment of perennial vegetation, as a means of controlling erosion and reducing the silt load of the rivers. It is now in its seventh year of operation.

Multiple Cropping Will Increase The Erosion Hazard, W J. Burdass

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WITH the low price of wool and the price of wheat high in comparison, farmers need little encouragement to increase their acreage of crops.

Unfortunately with increased cropping comes the risk of increased erosion—unless there is a simultaneous increase in the use of conservation practices.

Water Quality Study Of Lake Mead, Dale A. Hoffman, Paul R. Tramutt, Frank C. Heller, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

This report presents Lake Mead Water quality data obtained from 1964 to 1966. The effect of filling Lake Powell on the water quality of Lake Mead is evaluated. General limnological principles and the present limnology of Lake Mead are discussed. Lake Mead has a warm monomictic annual temperature cycle characterized by summer stratification, fall overturn leading into a continuous circulation throughout the winter; temperatures never fall below 39 deg F (4 deg C). During stratification, lower dissolved oxygen values were recorded in the thermocline than in the epilimnion and hypolimnion. Mineral content increases from the upper to the lower end …

Closing Remarks - Third Vertebrate Pest Conference, Richard H. Dana

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 3rd (1967)

The record of this meeting will stand as a tribute to all of those who participated in the Third Vertebrate Pest Conference. It should remind them for years to come of their worthwhile contributions.

Opening Remarks - Third Vertebrate Pest Conference, Maynard W. Cummings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 3rd (1967)

To open this Third Vertebrate Pest Conference is a real privilege. It is a pleasure to welcome all of you in attendance, and I know there are others who would like to be meeting with us, but, for one reason or another cannot be. However, we can serve them by taking back the results of discussion and by making available the printed transactions of what is said here. It has been the interest and demand for the proceedings of the two previous conferen- ces which, along with personal contacts many of you have with the sponsoring committee, have gauged the …