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Articles 7441 - 7470 of 7801

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Operational Aspects Of Successful Ground Squirrel Control By Aerial Application Of Grain Bait, Conrad Schilling Mar 1976

Operational Aspects Of Successful Ground Squirrel Control By Aerial Application Of Grain Bait, Conrad Schilling

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

By County Ordinance the County Agricultural Commissioner has been charged with rodent suppression in Fresno County, California. For nine years personnel from the Agricultural Commissioner's Office have conducted a county operated and funded program of ground squirrel suppression through the use of aerially applied zinc phosphide treated squirrel oat groats. Planning procedures, relative costs and operational aspects of the program are outlined. This technique of ground squirrel suppression has been shown to have many advantages over hand application of rodent baits. No known hazards to non-target wildlife species have been demonstrated.

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Opening Comments—Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe Mar 1976

Opening Comments—Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the Seventh Vertebrate Pest Conference. We are pleased that the American Society for Testing and Materials held its first Symposium on Test Methods for Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials in conjunction with our Conference, and we congratulate Symposium Chairman Rex Marsh for the excellent program that was presented. The concerns and challenges of today's society mandate that we be knowledgeable and up-to-date concerning the use of vertebrate pest damage control methods and materials and the impacts of our programs on the environment.

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Criteria For Rodent Bait Selection, W.R. Smythe Mar 1976

Criteria For Rodent Bait Selection, W.R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

World food shortages become more acute each year, and all too often, rodents are present to take their unwarranted share. To counter this, we must refine our rodent control methods to make them more efficient. To this end, correct bait selection is essential. Grain baits must be selected for purity and acceptability. Grain alterations must be carefully controlled, as well as any additives. Multi-ingredient or composition baits must be checked for size, hardness, protein content and additives. The selection of trap baits is critical for the success of trapping program. In general, fresh coconut is the best bait, but on-site …

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Keynote Address—The Role Of Education In Vertebrate Pest Control, Gustav A. Swanson Mar 1976

Keynote Address—The Role Of Education In Vertebrate Pest Control, Gustav A. Swanson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Lack of adequate information is emphasized as a major problem in attaining effective control of damage by vertebrate pests, and it is stressed that the problem is widespread in all elements of the public, including those directly involved, like producers and government officials, as well as those only indirectly involved, like the average citizen. A number of specific examples are cited to illustrate the problems of uninformed or inadequately informed publics.

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Anticoagulants—A Problem Of Distribution For The Hawaiian Sugar Industry, Allen H. Teshima Mar 1976

Anticoagulants—A Problem Of Distribution For The Hawaiian Sugar Industry, Allen H. Teshima

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Current rodent control practices for the Hawaiian sugar industry revolve around the use of single grain baits containing anticoagulants in bait stations and zinc phosphide for aerial applications. Neither type of control programs as they are now applied has been very effective against the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) which is becoming a major problem species for the industry. As a result, we have sought a more effective anticoagulant, to which the Norway rat is more susceptible, and an improved method of bait distribution. With knowledge of the month-to-month variation in the field rodents' gestation rate, a new control …

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The Cost Of Predator Damage Control Using Trapping As The Primary Control Technique, Ronald A. Thompson Mar 1976

The Cost Of Predator Damage Control Using Trapping As The Primary Control Technique, Ronald A. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

The justification and economics of the operational animal damage control program in California as conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are discussed. Emphasis is given to the necessity for use of the steel trap. Nearly 83 percent of the depredators are taken by trapping. Annual agricultural losses due to predation were estimated at $4.7 million in California for Fiscal Year 1975. The projected cost-benefit ratio was 1:3.9.

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The Use Of Aircraft In Predator Control, Dale A. Wade Mar 1976

The Use Of Aircraft In Predator Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Private aerial hunting of predators for protection of livestock began before 1925 in the western United States. Apparently, it was first used in professional control programs in 1942. Inclement weather, dense vegetation and rough terrain are limiting factors and helicopters are more versatile than fixed-wing aircraft. When it can be employed, aerial hunting is unsurpassed as an immediate control method where livestock losses are severe and the need for control is urgent.

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Control Methods For Nuisance Beaver In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill Mar 1976

Control Methods For Nuisance Beaver In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

Strychnine alkaloid baits were consumed by both captive and wild beaver without any apparent hesitation. An approximate minimal acute lethal dose of sodium monofluoro-acetate to beaver of mixed ages and sex was 0.202 mg/kg. Trapping beaver on four study area watersheds in Alabama with No. 330 conibear traps for approximately two weeks in winter during two successive years essentially eliminated beaver. Older individuals were trapped the first year, maturing juveniles and the remaining few adults were trapped the second year, and there was very little reproduction between the trapping periods. Trapping, with its recreational appeal, and income and food potential …

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Pharmacological Review Of Chemicals Used For The Capture Of Animals, Peter J. Savarie Mar 1976

Pharmacological Review Of Chemicals Used For The Capture Of Animals, Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

A review of the literature reveals that over 60 chemicals have been used for the capture of wild animals, but only 30 of the most widely used chemicals are discussed in the present paper. For practical considerations these chemicals can be classified as being either (l) neuromuscular blocking agents, or (2) central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Some common neuromuscular blocking agents are d-tubocurarine, gallamine, succiny1choline, and nicotine. M99 and its derivatives, phencyclidine, and xylazine are some of the more commonly used CNS depressants. Neuromuscular blocking agents have a relatively rapid onset and short duration of action but they do not …

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Chlorofluorocarbon Effects On Cardiac, Pulmonary, And Respiratory Patients, Mildred E. Olson Jan 1976

Chlorofluorocarbon Effects On Cardiac, Pulmonary, And Respiratory Patients, Mildred E. Olson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Research results from studies of the physiological effects of aerosal propellants on animals and people are summarized. The papers selected for this summary were published between 1968 and 1975. Effects of the 15 chlorofluorocarbons used as propellants have been recorded on the cardiac, pulmonary and respiratory functions of a number of animal species as well as man. The fifteen propellants have been classified into four groups on the basis of their degree of toxicity. Fluorocarbon 11, the most frequently used propellant, is in group 1, the most toxic. The relative toxicity of each of the 14 other propellants compared with …

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Proceedings Of The Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, F. Robert Henderson Dec 1975

Proceedings Of The Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program Planning Committee

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Prairie Dog Control, A. Orville Sandall Dec 1975

Prairie Dog Control, A. Orville Sandall

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Before poisons were taken from the market, I had about fifteen years experience working for the Fish and Wildlife Service doing prairie dog control work. Most of this work was done for private landowners and supervising work crews for the Forest Service and B&A.

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Thoughts About Wildlife Damage Control, Raymond W. Matheny Dec 1975

Thoughts About Wildlife Damage Control, Raymond W. Matheny

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Gentleman, it is my intention today to give you a brief history of EPA and its involvement in predator control, outline basic registration requirements for pesticides, show slides of the use of sodium cyanide capsules in the M-44 ejector mechanism in the experimental use permit programs and comment upon the restrictions set forth in Administrator Train's ORDER of September 16, 1975.

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Ground Squirrels And How To Control Them, Irving J. Mork Dec 1975

Ground Squirrels And How To Control Them, Irving J. Mork

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Richardson ground squirrel, otherwise known as the flickertail or gray gopher, is common over most of North Dakota north and east of the Missouri River, although they were never common in the immediate Red River Valley.

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Bird Control, Glen Orr Dec 1975

Bird Control, Glen Orr

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We started our program in 1967 primarily because of an economic problem in the downtown area of Wichita. We had about eight square blocks of businesses which were not getting any business because people didn't dare go downtown in the evening unless they wore their rain hats and rain gear, and I mean this literally.

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Raccoon Damage Control, W. Alan Wentz Dec 1975

Raccoon Damage Control, W. Alan Wentz

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Raccoons are found throughout the United States, and in most cases they are expanding their range into previously unoccupied habitats. Raccoons are often water-associated, but in the Great Plains they often occur a considerable distance from the water. In the Great Plains states, the expansion of agriculture has apparently allowed raccoons to move westward and northward. It is possible that the availability of old homesteads, buildings, haystacks, dumps, and towns has been instrumental in allowing raccoons to survive the winter.

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Beaver Damage Control, James E. Miller Dec 1975

Beaver Damage Control, James E. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The beaver (Castor canadensis), our largest North American rodent, is praised by many as being a natural conservationist; however, to others he is a destructive nuisance and pest. In many chronicles, the beaver is lauded to be one of the resources that speeded up the settling of our Great Northwest Territory. Certainly, such explorers as Lewis and Clark depended greatly upon the beaver hide for revenue as well as varter.

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An Overview Of Problem Bird Management - Rural And Urban, Joseph L. Guarino Dec 1975

An Overview Of Problem Bird Management - Rural And Urban, Joseph L. Guarino

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The economic impact of birds on agricultural crops in the U.S. is quite substantial -- perhaps as much as $100 million dollars. Methods for reducing this damage can be categorized as biological, mechanical, and chemical. The chemical approach appears to have the most potential. An avian repellent, methiocarb, has proven to be effective for reducing damage by a variety of species of birds to many sprouting and ripening crops and fruit. An avian chemical frightening agent, 4-aminopyridine (Avitrol), if federall registered for use for protecting ripening field corn and sweet corn and was shown to be effective for reducing damage …

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Bird Control, George C. Halazon Dec 1975

Bird Control, George C. Halazon

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We did a little work with pigeon sterilants six years ago. We didn't really have too much luck on bird control on pigeons because of the life of the pigeon. In other words we couldn't do it fast enough to satisfy the public because of the relatively large numbers of years required before the bird dies.

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A Live Trap For Birds Attending A Feeding Station, J.L. Hart, L.L. Todd Dec 1975

A Live Trap For Birds Attending A Feeding Station, J.L. Hart, L.L. Todd

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

An effective live trap for capturing nuthatches, titmice, and woodpeckers was constucted from hail screen and modified mouse traps. Over 88 percent of active sets resulted in captures.

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Controlling Mole Damage, F. Robert Henderson Dec 1975

Controlling Mole Damage, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The kind of mole found in Kansas is the eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus. Moles are small, mouse-sized mammals adapted to living underground. They are characterized by enlarged forefeet with long claws, stout necks and powerful shoulders which make them capable burrowers. Unlike those of mice and shrews, the noses and forefeet of moles are pink and hairless.

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The Coyote As A Game Animal, Edward L. Kozicky Dec 1975

The Coyote As A Game Animal, Edward L. Kozicky

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Coyote hunting is a very special challenge. Even though coyotes may be abundant in an area, that doesn't mean that they're easy to bag with a rifle. However, I happen to enjoy coyote calling to the point where the shooting is almost anti-climax. Others like to hunt coyotes with either sight or trail hounds, to pursue coyotes with all-terrain vehicles, and to spot coyotes while driving through the country.

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Progress In Coyote Hunting Depredations Research, Samuel B. Linhart Dec 1975

Progress In Coyote Hunting Depredations Research, Samuel B. Linhart

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Coyote depredations control research from the end of World War II to about 1960 was characterized by low levels of funding, a minimum of research facilities, an emphasis on lethal agents, few legislative restrictions, a lack of public interest, and little concern for the environment. Establishment of the Leopold Committee (1964) and Cain Committee (1971) were evidence of a growing public concern and awareness of the coyote-livestock problem.

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Control Of White-Tailed Deer In Field And Orchard, Forrest D. Loomis, Ronald Ogden Dec 1975

Control Of White-Tailed Deer In Field And Orchard, Forrest D. Loomis, Ronald Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

As deer populations increase in most areas of the mid-west, and deer habitat is constantly shrinking because of man's activities, damage done to crops, orchards, and other plantings is increasing. No new or revolutionary control or repellent has been perfected to alleviate this complex problem. Annual hunting still offers the best and cheapest method of control.

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Montana Golden Eagle Removal And Translocation Project, Norton R. Miner Dec 1975

Montana Golden Eagle Removal And Translocation Project, Norton R. Miner

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

History of Depredations
History of Sheep Industry
Trapping Program
Eagle Population
Techniques for Capture
Care of a Captive Eagle
Methods of Transport
Release Sites
Results

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Cultural And Physical Methods For Managing Problem Birds, Donald F. Mott Dec 1975

Cultural And Physical Methods For Managing Problem Birds, Donald F. Mott

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Although chemicals now available (or that soon should be) appear to be the answer to many bird problems in agricultural crops, it is appropriate to also review some of the cultural and physical methods currently in use.

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Training Needs For Future Extension Wildlife Programs, R.J. Robel Dec 1975

Training Needs For Future Extension Wildlife Programs, R.J. Robel

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I want to discuss the need for additional educational opportunities for people who will be trying to reduce wildlife damage in the future.

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Pest Control Operator Involvement In Wildlife Control, Robert R. Schendel Dec 1975

Pest Control Operator Involvement In Wildlife Control, Robert R. Schendel

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Pest Control

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Fish Population Manipulation, Robert E. Schoonover Dec 1975

Fish Population Manipulation, Robert E. Schoonover

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Fish population manipulation or control, as the term implies, may be defined as an operation or activity which results in the total removal of fish from a water area, the partial elimination of a fish population, or the selective removal of a species from a water area.

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Waterfowl Damage Control, Marvin D. Schwilling Dec 1975

Waterfowl Damage Control, Marvin D. Schwilling

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Waterfowl damage is primarily grain crop depredation that occurs on various agricultural crops, particularly in fall and winter. Field feeding begins as birds flock up on staging areas in preparation for their move along migration routes to the wintering areas.

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