Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

The Influence Of Pine Vole Damage On Apple Tree Vigor And Fruit Yield, Karen Pearson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Accurate estimates of financial losses caused by pine voles in apple orchards is essential in order to obtain reliable cost figures for use in evaluations of various control methods. Most pine vole damage occurs below ground and any attempt to evaluate the severity of the damage in relation to the loss in productivity of the tree proves very difficult. For this reason estimates of vole damage are usually only in terms of annual tree losses. However, damage to the trunk and roots caused by pine voles affect the vigor, yield, fruit quality and ultimately the market value of the crop. …

Mouse Damage, A Serious Problem For The Virginia Apple Industry, C. Purcell Mccue Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The 1972 Apple and Peach Tree Survey indicated that there were 1.6 million apple trees in Virginia. Dr. J. B. Bell and Dr. J. M. Johnson report that based on information from the Statistical Reporting Service and the Economic Research Service that the average per year market value of the 1973-74-75 Virginia Apple crop was $109,160,000. This value consists of the farm value of $28 million plus packing, storage, processing, and other marketing services. It is estimated that mouse damage to apple trees reduces the output in Virginia by 10% per year or a potential loss of $11,000,000 annually for …

Progress In Pine Vole Ecological Research And Its Relevance To Damage Control, R. L. Kirkpatrick, R. E. Noffsinger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

LaVoie and Tietjen (1971) pointed to the "paucity of quantitative data concerning vital phases of the life history of the pine vole" as one possible reason for our lack of progress in controlling pine vole damage. They suggested that pine voles do not seem to be readily adaptable to a wide range of habitat types and conditions and that this lack of adaptive ability might be exploited in their control by manipulation of limiting factors in their habitat. They also suggested a balanced program of research which would include studies of vole populations, their habits and their habitats as well …

How Our Company Views Pine Mouse Control, H. Lee Showalter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Hess Orchards of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, are growers and packers of fresh fruits. At the present time, we have approximately 350 acres planted to apples and 125 acres planted to peaches. We are producing about 180,000 bushels of apples and 15,000 bushels of peaches annually. Our company is concerned mainly with 'pine' mouse damage. We have had meadow mouse injury but it has not been as much of a problem as the pine mouse damage. We have been spending $4,000 to $6,000 for rodenticide materials annually. This does not include the labor necessary to apply the materials.

The Role Of The Fish And Wildlife Service Research In Solving The Eastern Pine Vole/Orchard Problem, Richard N. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Many orchardists, nurserymen and Christmas tree grcwers, State extension agents, and a few Fish and Wildlife Service people are aware of the economic problems that pine voles (microtus pinetorum) cause to orchards in the Appalachian Regions of the United States. This is expected for these people have had to deal first hand with economic losses caused by these small mammals. What is unusual and somewhat discouraging is that this problem was identified over forty years ago and that we really know little more about this animal now than we did then.

A Matter Of Survival, S. Pitchon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Session V of the program calls for "Chemical Industry Positions on Economics of Rodenticides". I will attempt to describe some of the problems that industry faces in registering pesticides and how they affect the cost and delay registration.

Some Pine Vole Movement Patterns In Several Apple Orchards In Henderson County, North Carolina, William T. Sullivan

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In controlling pine voles in orchards a question often comes up about the distance the voles will move from outside into an orchard where the resident animals have been removed by a control program. There are several possible ways to study this, but at present the closest we can come to an answer is to see how far animals move in live-trapping studies. Naturalists have raised many questions about how to interpret these observations of trapped animals. For example, maybe movements are farther or more frequent into areas which have no resident animals or perhaps the animals that move in …

Coping With Pesticide Registration Problems, Harry K. Rust

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was created to cope with complex pesticide problems and their effect on man and the environment. State pesticide laws have a similar responsibility and often provide additional regulation to address problems or conditions specific to that individual state. Pesticides are unique when compared to other potential pollutants. Unlike most others, pesticides are deliberately introduced into the environment to achieve a distinct result or benefit. This very fact requires that the benefits afforded by these chemicals be weighed against the undesirable consequences likely to result. This benefit/ risk balancing is not easy.

Pine Voles (Pitymys Pinetorum) And Orchard Damage Research: An Overview Of The N.Y. Coop Wildlife Research Program In Animal Damage, Milo Richmond, Robert Stehn, Mary Dunlay

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

We began our research effort in 1968 with a project aimed at determining the efficacy of endrin treatment for pine vole control. Grower concerns and a small amount of laboratory data indicated that endrin was no longer as reliable in controlling pine voles as it was in the early sixties. Our initial efforts were twofold. We sought first to determine the existing efficacy of endrin and secondly to evaluate any resistance by pine voles to this chemical control procedure. Unfortunately, this entire endrin research effort was dropped by the Cooperative Research Unit when endrin as well as other persistent chlorinated …

Population Dynamics And Reproduction In Virginia Meadow Voles, Robert K. Rose

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This paper describes changes in important demographic parameters of a grassland (non-orchard) population of the meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) studied since November 1974 near Charlottesville in piedmont Virginia. (This study was supported by the Dept of Biology of the University of Virginia until August 1976, and is now the joint project with Ray D. Dueser, Dept of Environmental Sciences, UVA, and is supported by our respective departments.) Methods used are similar to those of C.J. Krebs, and require weekly live-trapping during which each vole is weighed and assessed for reproductive state and new voles are tagged. Such information has been …

The Pine Vole Control Problem In Eastern New York Apple Orchards, Warren H. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles have always been a problem in a few orchards in Eastern New York. In the past the vole population was controlled with Endrin, and damage to trees, although significant, was tolerable. From 1970 to 1972 more and more complaints were heard from growers concerning Pine vole damage to apple trees. Apparently as vole populations increased and damage became more serious, the word spread among growers and an awareness within the fruit growing community concerning the pine vole problem was generated. It is interesting to note that during this period when pine voles population seem to increase, Endrin was …

Pine Vole Control With Herbicides, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The pine vole, M. pinetorum, has become the number one problem in many West Virginia orchards. It's deep subterranean tunnel system makes it more difficult to control than other voles. A decade ago the vole population was limited almost entirely to the apple orchard. This undoubtedly correlates to the abundance of vegetative ground cover found in the apple orchard as contrasted to the more cleanly cultivated peach orchard. The cultural methods used in the peach orchard have changed toward a sod culture similar to that of the apple orchard and at the same time the vole problem in the peach …

Control Of Microtus In Two Damage Situations, Andrew Radvanyi

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In Canada the potential exists of over a million dollars girdling damage loss per year caused by small mammals to fruit trees in each of the four major orchard areas of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia. Such annual losses continue to occur despite the existence of methods developed which could largely eliminate a large percentage of such losses at a fraction of the costs currently being spent on attempts to control small mammal populations (primarily meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in orchard situations. In this paper I propose to outline briefly the developmental studies conducted by the …

"Mouse-Ateria" - A Bait Station For Rodents, Bruce Porterfield, Henry J. Eavis

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In 1918 the first device of this kind was designed near Winchester, Virginia. In 1973 we introduced a high strength Styrene plastic version of it, copied from the hand-blown glass model.

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

Remarks To Be Presented At The First Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Merle H. Markley

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A Rebuttable Presumption Against Reregistration has been issued against endrin. It is my own opinion that: First endrin should be critically examined, use by use, with respect to effectiveness and alleged hazard to non-target animals, be they pets, domestic stock or wildlife; and secondly, that a careful and complete review be made of all economic benefits against the hazards identified in the earlier review. The notice which appeared in the Federal Register emphasized the occasional harmful aspects of use and failed to give much or any credence to benefits. Certainly there must be some value to the grower and financial …

Registration Of Pesticides By Epa, Raymond W. Matheny

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A paper to consider current pesticide registration requirements, especially as they pertain to the use of rodenticides in orchards.

The Need For An Integrated Control Strategy For Orchard Mouse Damage, Robert Stehn, Elizabeth Johnson, Milo Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During the last six years the N.Y. Coop. Wildlife Research Unit has been involved in research on pine voles. Projects have included studies of reproduction in the laboratory, population biology in orchards and testing of pine vole control toxicants. Field work has been restricted to a few orchards in Ulster and Orange counties in the Hudson Valley. Therefore some of the results may reflect local conditions and should be regarded as preliminary in nature. Work involving control procedures has indicated that hand baiting with anticoagulant pellets under previously established bait stations averages 85 percent reduction in pine vole numbers. Anticoagulant …

Saltland And What To Do About It, C V. Malcolm

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Saltland can be conveniently divided into three main types on the basis of cause. Within each type their is great variation, and the types may merge or overlap.

The three aims of a saltland treatment programme are; reduce the groundwater levels or seepage flows as much as possible,reduce the capillary action which brings salt to the surface, and to revegetate the soils with the most useful plants that can survive.

The European Wasp : A New Threat To W.A, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The European wasp was detected in Western australia for the first time in January and February 1977 in the metropolitan suburbs of Mosman Park, Cottesloe and Attadale.

So far it has only been found within an area of 8 km radius from Fremantle but the outer boundries of the infestation are still uncertain.

It is Department of agriculture policy to eradicate the European wasp, if possible, and to destroy all nests detected.

The Florida Coastal Zone Management Program: What, Why, How, Who., Florida Bureau Of Coastal Zone Planning, State Of Florida, Dept. Of Environmental Regulation, Division Of Environmental Programs, Bureau Of Coastal Zone Planning

Waterways and wildlife

A Florida coastal zone management program, once approved and established, will be a cooperative effort of all levels of government and the citizens of Florida. It will establish coastal land and water resource policies, based on realistic goals and objectives, that contribute to the wise use of those resources and protect the options of future generations. It will be a system that is sensitive to criticism, accessible to review and appeal, and flexible enough to reflect changing goals, needs, attitudes and lifestyles. With this approach we can not only treat current problems, but can also avoid future resource use conflicts. …

Enteric Virus Survival In Package Plants And The Upgrading Of The Small Treatment Plants Using Ozone, Lois S. Cronholm, James R. Mccammon, Marvin Fleischman, Jerry R. Perrich, Valerie Reisser, William Harris, Ronald R. Vanstockum, Khosrow Jaberizadeh, Michael J. Wahl

KWRRI Research Reports

Post-chlorinated effluent collected with a portable viral concentrator from four treatment plants in Jefferson County, Kentucky, yielded infective viral particles from three plants from spring through late fall. The pH, ,chlorine, turbidity, and coliform levels of these effluents indicated that viral persistence was correlated with inefficient processing which produced effluent environments that inhibited disinfection by chlorine. The disinfection potential of ozone was tested on secondary effluent and finished water seeded with poliovirus and Esaheriahia coli. Low doses of ozone inactivated viruses and bacteria in treated water, but not in effluent. The inactivation of bacteria by ozone does not appear …

A Review Of The Limnology Of And Water Quality Standards For Lake Mead, Charles R. Goldman

Publications (WR)

1. The waters of Las Vegas Bay, a heavily utilized recreational resource, receive discharges from a variety of municipal and industrial waste sources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined, on the basis of numerous studies, that the present water quality violates state and federal standards and constitutes a public nuisance. Consultants have advised the Sewage and Wastewater Advisory Committee that rapid abatement of the alleged pollution conditions can be achieved by an advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant.

2. The major problems in Las Vegas Bay are an objectionable water color, excessive turbidity, noxious odors, and oxygen depletion in certain …

Report On Wastewater Disposal To Board Of County Commissioners, Clark County Nevada, Clair N. Sawyer

Publications (WR)

This report is concerned with the management of waste-waters and subsurface drainage from the City of Las Vegas and its environs and the BMI complex, all in Clark County, Nevada. The prime objective is to recommend a plan of action which will utilize the natural resources of the area in the least costly manner and still protect Lake Mead for recreational purposes and use as a public water supply, At this writing, conditions in the upper Las Vegas arm of Boulder Basin are quite unsatisfactory for some recreational purposes due to the extensive blooms of algae which develop. Experience at …

Distribution Of Stream Pollution In Lake Water, Richard W. Tew, Samuel S. Egdorf, James E. Deacon

Publications (WR)

Wastewater effluent-laden waters from Las Vegas Wash (LVW) form a density current that may be detected in Boulder Basin of Lake Mead at considerable distances from the wash estuary. This led to the suspicion that water from the inflowing stream [40 mgd (1.5 X 10⁵ cu m/day)] might not be rapidly diluted in the enormous volume of the lake [19 mil acre-ft (2.3 X 10¹⁰ cu m)], but might persist as a recognizable entity to the vicinity of the intake of a major water source for populous Clark County, Nev.

Because of the detection sensitivity implicit in the …

Ua12/2/19 Earth Week, Energy For Student Awareness

WKU Administration Documents

Newspaper created by the Energy for Student Awareness group regarding Earth Week and environmental issues.

The Nature And Distribution Of Enteric Bacteria In Las Vegas Bay, Samuel S. Egdorf

Publications (WR)

The distribution of water and of enteric bacteria of possible fecal origin into Las Vegas Bay from Las Vegas Wash was determined. Determination of distribution patterns was attained by applying the concept of the population component ratio of enteric bacteria. The development and application of new techniques and methods implicit in the application of the "component ratio" concept are discussed. The unreliability of thoroughly referenced techniques and methods generally accepted as standard are treated in detail. Physical factors affecting the distribution and deposition of enteric bacteria (including those of special public health importance) in Las Vegas Bay are also discussed.

A Systems Study Of Oil Pollution Abatement And Control For Portland Inner And Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine, Arthur D. Little, Inc.

Maine Collection

A Systems Study of Oil Pollution Abatement and Control for Portland Inner and Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine

to State of Maine, Department of Environmental Protection, State House Augusta, Maine 04330

Appropriation Number 4320-4001

by Arthur D. Little, Incorporated, 20 Acorn Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (March 15, 1976).

Contents: Executive Summary / 1. Introduction / 2. Identification of Vulnerable Resources / 3. Potential Oil Spill Locations / 4. Oil Spill Movement / 5. Containment and Disposal Systems / 6. Oil Monitoring Systems / 7. Marine Navigation In Portland Inner and Outer Harbors / Appendices

Wildlife And Vertebrate Pests In Egypt, A. Maher Ali, Hassana Hafez

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

The conservation of Egyptian wildlife is discussed. Control measures are reviewed for rodents and birds, especially the house sparrow. Because of the high dam permanent irrigation has resulted in Arvicanthis becoming a more serious invader of rural buildings.

The Role Of Private Consultants In Vertebrate Pest Problems In Canada, D.E. Alsager

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 7th (1976)

An in depth look at the principal requirements of an orderly and systematic approach to vertebrate pest problems in Canada is presented (Part I) as a prerequisite to a proposed theoretical model illustrating the involvement of various agencies. A model depicting how these agencies could best utilize their available resources towards the development of improved vertebrate pest control technology is presented in Part II. The involvement of private consultants in vertebrate pestology is relatively new (and perhaps unappreciated), yet offers substantial potential in the development of selected facets of the vertebrate pest field. The proposed roles of other agencies are …