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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Ground Squirrel And Prairie Dog Control In Montana, C. Raymond Record Mar 1978

Ground Squirrel And Prairie Dog Control In Montana, C. Raymond Record

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus), Richardson ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsoni), and blacktail prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) cause millions of dollars of loss to Montana agriculture each year. Montana's ground squirrel and prairie dog control programs are based upon local organization and operation with technical assistance being provided by the Montana Department of Livestock Vertebrate Pest Control Bureau. The results of field research programs using zinc phosphide, Compound 1080 and strychnine grain baits to control these species are reported.

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Pheromones: Their Potential For Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1978

Pheromones: Their Potential For Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Olfactory communication appears to be an important aspect of the biology of most ground squirrels. Several scent-producing glands have been described as having scent-marking behavior. Although the adaptive significance of these glands has not been determined, possible functions are discussed. The potential of using pheromones in an integrated ground squirrel management program is discussed.

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Biology, Damage And Control Of The Edible Dormouse (Glis Glis L.) In Central Italy, L. Santini Mar 1978

Biology, Damage And Control Of The Edible Dormouse (Glis Glis L.) In Central Italy, L. Santini

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The remarkable increase in the number of colonies of edible dormouse (Glis glis L.) registered in the litoranean industrial cultivations of Pinus pinea L. in northern Tuscany over the last ten years and the grave damage to the production of pine-seeds consequent on it has created the necessity of studying systems which may reduce the dormouse menace. Going on what has previously been discovered about the habits of the species in this particular habitat, three different methods of control were experimented: direct capture in their nests, which were in this case cavities in the tree trunks which woodpeckers' activities …

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Recent Developments In Bird Damage Control Chemicals, Edward W. Schaffer Jr. Mar 1978

Recent Developments In Bird Damage Control Chemicals, Edward W. Schaffer Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A number of actions are under way which could reduce or severely restrict the availability of chemicals presently available for controlling bird damage. The current status of 17 federally registered chemicals, representing approximately 57 products, is discussed with regard to registration, re-registration, or de-registration actions that are pending.

The developmental status of a number of new chemicals or new uses for existing chemicals is also discussed, along with an appraisal of the effects of current federal registration requirements on the eventual availability of these compounds.

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The Potential Of Compound U-12171 As An Avian Repellent, Robert G. Schwab Mar 1978

The Potential Of Compound U-12171 As An Avian Repellent, Robert G. Schwab

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Tests of the effectiveness (primarily reduced plant damage) of U-12171 to repel linnets from, or reduce the amount of feeding damage on, Gem hybrid broccoli suggest that: 1) concentrations above 1.50 lb./acre deterred avian depredations whereas lower concentrations did not; 2) the "hop-scotch" feeding pattern of linnet groups may have contributed to repellency since high concentrations in one area may act as a barrier to other areas; and 3) U-12171 efficiency may be markedly affected by chemical coverage of the plant, the number of applications made, and application timing relative to crop maturity.

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Population Modeling As Aid To Rodent Control In The Field, Francois Spitz Mar 1978

Population Modeling As Aid To Rodent Control In The Field, Francois Spitz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Forecasting the damages by voles on plant crops depends on a good forecast of vole population density. Biological work in Vendee from 1959 till 1968 have furnished the fundamentals of a population model. Further work on the relationship between breeding and climate enabled us to set up a practical forecasting model. This is applied by the Plant Protection Service, and the damage prevention system consists of a test trapping in winter, a population forecasting in early March, and, if necessary, poisoning in March-April. Generalization of the system is in progress.

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Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser Mar 1978

Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Coyote depreciation often causes severe losses of livestock and wildlife in many areas. The use of toxicants is banned for coyote control in the United States necessitating the consideration of alternative methods of control of these predators. This review deals with a class of possible alternatives for population control (reproductive inhibitors) and the conditions associated with selection and application of reproductive inhibitors to the target species.

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Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan Mar 1978

Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper describes the development of a biological technique that successfully controls conifer seed damage by the deer mouse. Eleven experiments have been conducted on three study areas at the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, B.C. Populations of deer mice have been monitored in all experiments with data from 56,000 trap nights. The technique involves a mixture of conifer seed (Douglas fir) with sunflower seed and oats which is uniformly distributed on logged areas in the late winter-early spring. Survival of conifer seed with these alternate foods was excellent, compared with control Douglas fir by itself, for …

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Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk Mar 1978

Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Muskrats were introduced into Europe and have now spread over this part of the world. Their success as a colonizing species is discussed, as well as the problems they create in a man-made environment. Due to their successfulness, a strict control program has been changed to a management program in order to keep numbers below the level at which intolerable damage occurs.

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Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver Mar 1978

Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The California Department of Fish and Game studied depredation by mountain lions on livestock from 1971 through 1977 to determine the scope of the problem. Information was needed on the physical characteristics of a stock killer, the frequency and trend of predation, the livestock types preyed upon, and the geographic distribution of incidents. Department of Fish and Game verified 134 incidents of mountain lion predation on livestock which occurred between April 1971 and December 1977. Forty-five mountain lions (28 males and 17 females) were killed on depredation during this time. Approximately 42 percent of the predation incidents involved sheep, 22 …

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Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood Mar 1978

Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper is about the complexity of animal damage control science and its research, methods development, and control applications. It is not the point here to discourse on the individual methodology used in animal damage control research. The discussion is to point out that many researchers, wildlife managers, bureaucrats, or advocates fail to understand the situation in the science of animal damage control and its attendant problems that need resolution. (1,2,3)

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Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete Mar 1978

Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Since 1973, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, the Mexican Government has established a general campaign against the most important groups of vertebrate pests, which cause severe damage to growing crops, stored products and mechanical damage to agricultural and irrigation schemes. To achieve information on this subject, presently the main office of the program is engaged on several activities such as the evaluation of the damage, trapping, species involved, research on population structure (densities and fluctuations to prevent sudden increase of rodent population), sex proportion, pregnancy (number of embryos), bait formulation, distribution methods, etc. Sigmodon spp., Oryzomys spp., …

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Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson Mar 1978

Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Interest in wildlife diseases and their importance to man and his livestock has increased in the United Kingdom during the past decade. Reasons for this are given and particular reference made to the single occurrence of rabies outside quarantine in Britain, in 1969 (the first since 1922), and to the links between bovine tuberculosis in badgers and in cattle.

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Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood Mar 1978

Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Man's use of chemical pesticides has received much attention in recent years, reflecting or generating public consciousness of our environmental welfare. The establishment of Water Quality Acts, the Toxic Substances Control Act, air pollution standards, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also exemplify this consciousness which has become a major political force. Although there is some unyielding antagonism against all chemicals used to control pests, there is general agreement that pesticides are necessary for the protection of our health, food, fiber, and habitats. Nevertheless, some pesticides have serious shortcomings, especially toxicity to nontarget organisms and long persistence in the environment. …

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Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark Feb 1978

Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the past year, The Pine Mouse Action Committee of the North Eastern Fruit Council, mounted a successful campaign to secure a state label for endrin. This was a temporary state label for special use in pine vole infested orchards. Warren Smith, Extension Agent, will explain in more detail how this was done and what restrictions were imposed. To most of you, this may not seem like we made much progress, but this is the first time a persistent chemical has been returned to the active list. We feel the endrin will give us the needed vole control in orchards …

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The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith Feb 1978

The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The year 1977 was eventful for Hudson Valley fruit growers who are troubled by pine voles. In March when the snows melted it was clearly evident that serious vole damage to area orchards had taken place and immediate action was necessary to eradicate this menace. Cooperative Extension played a major leadership role organizing grower committee activities, and the North Eastern Fruit Council, a newly formed grower group, represented the industry during these activities. Steve Clark, a Milton, New York fruit grower, was chosen as chairman of the North Eastern Fruit Council grower action committee.

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Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter Feb 1978

Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Rodent control -- both meadow and pine -- has been and continues to be a matter of major concern in all Pennsylvania orchards. Insect and disease problems are vexing but largely seasonal and comparatively easy to correct. Rodent damage, at best, is a debilitating factor in tree growth and fruit production. At worst, it is terminal so far as tree life is concerned.

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Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner Feb 1978

Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This article summarizes the Preliminary Benefit Analysis of Endrin Use on Apple Orchards of September, 1977. The analysis was prepared to be an input to the risk/benefit decision by the Administrator of EPA as to the continued registration of endrin under FIFRA, as amended. A notice of rebuttable presumption against registration (RPAR) of endrin was Issued in the Federal Register on July 27, 1976. If the data on human health and or environmental risks cited in the RPAR are not rebutted and risks outweigh benefits, the Administrator may announce intent to cancel the apple orchard registrations of endrin. This report …

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The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane Feb 1978

The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The fruit industry is an important segment of New York's agricultural economy generating over 100 million dollars of farm income annually. Of the 66,740 acres of apples in the state, four counties of the lower Hudson River Valley incorporate 20,680 acres or approximately 30% of New York's apple acreage.

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1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a preliminary report on the vole portions of an interdisciplinary study of integrated pest and orchard management systems (IPOMS) in North Carolina. Vole trapping results of winter 1976-77 in 46 orchards are reported and compared to vegetational and chemical measurements made in the same orchards the previous summer.

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An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a description of a new relatively long-term study of pine vole control under the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. The objective is to evaluate on an experimental basis, the principal methods used to control vole populations and damage in apple orchards.

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Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs Feb 1978

Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The purpose of this paper is to review the past trends in funding agricultural research and focus on the current situation and offer suggestions for ways that we might help ourselves in the funding crisis that seemingly gets worse each year.

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Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn Feb 1978

Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

I believe this audience is already well aware of the dilemma in New York State. We have suffered extensive damage from orchard mice over the past three years in New York with some growers losing their entire operation. The pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum, has assumed an Important role as an orchard pest and in eastern New York easily surpasses the related meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus as a significant orchard pest. A recent grower-funded economic survey, initiated by this Unit, and reported in a paper by Pearson and Forsney (1978) points up the severity of losses thru reduced quality and …

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Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond Feb 1978

Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During fall, 1977, four potential chemical methods for controlling pine voles (Pitymys pinetorum) were evaluated on 12, one hectare plots in three apple orchards in the lower Hudson River valley. Each plot consisted of 45 trees. Three plots were treated with endrin, applied at the recommended rate of 1.5 lbs. per acre; two were treated with 2% technical Vacor (RH 787), applied in an unpelletized meal formulation at a rate of 60-70 gms per tree; two received 10% Vacor in an egg-sugar mix (marketed for human consumption as "Marshmallow Fluff") applied at the rate of 5-10 grams per …

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Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen Feb 1978

Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles {Pitymys pinetorum (Audubon and Bachman), or Microtus pinetorum (LeConte)} are pests of significant economic importance to orchardists in several eastern and northeastern states. The purpose of this report is to selectively review the status of pine vole research from the control, biological, ecological, and behavioral aspects, and to recommend the research needed to develop effective, economical, and safe programs for controlling this problem.

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Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins Feb 1978

Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine vole attack of one-year-old stem tissue of clones representing many hybrid and other species revealed 5 cultivars apparently less susceptible to damage when compared to Golden Delicious stems. Fusca seemed to be least attacked along with 74R5M9-62, PI 286613, N.Y. 11928, and Hall.

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Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter Feb 1978

Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Very effective control of the short-tailed meadow mice (Microtus spp.) was obtained by means of grass and weed spraying in two orchards with Chlorophacinone. This toxin was applied in one orchard with a boom-type tractor sprayer and in another orchard with a hand-gun nozzle operated from the tractor manually. The anti-coagulant rodenticide in each orchard was mixed in spray tanks at the rate of one pint per 100 gallons water. Spray was directed to an area two feet on each side of apple tree rows applying six pints of the concentrate per treated acre. A five-foot strip of dense …

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Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler Feb 1978

Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Reproductive potential in the pine vole is low compared with other small rodents including other species of voles. Age of maturity is late. Males do not reach puberty before 51 days and females before 77 days. Estrus and ovulation are not spontaneous but tend to be induced by mature males. Gestation is long (24 days). Litter sizes are small (2.8 young weaned per female). Litters are produced less frequently because, although females mate and conceive within 3 days of parturition, prolonged gestation insures a minimum of 24-27 days between litters. Only dominant females in a group carry litters to term …

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Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick Feb 1978

Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Before more effective and reliable control methods for pine vole populations can be developed, it is essential to increase our knowledge of the pine vole's basic biology and ecology. Former research conducted by Estep et al (1978) and Noffsinger (1976) has demonstrated distinct differences in food habits, physiological condition and reproductive activity of pine voles in active and abandoned orchards. A summary of their findings is presented in Kirkpatrick and Noffsinger (1977). Results from these studies has promoted an interest to more completely define population characteristics of pine voles in these two orchard types. In this manner, it will be …

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An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch Feb 1978

An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A great deal of past pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) research has focused upon toxicants as a means of population control. The advent of more and more environmental restrictions on chemical uses and toxicant resistance in target populations has created endless research in this area of vole control techniques. The application of wildlife management principles through biological and cultural techniques could serve as a sound foundation upon which to build a vole control program.

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