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Articles 7141 - 7170 of 7808

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Keynote Address ─ New Concepts In Wildlife Management, Lester Mccann Mar 1980

Keynote Address ─ New Concepts In Wildlife Management, Lester Mccann

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

New Concepts in Wildlife Management

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Protecting Polyethylene Irrigation Pipes Against Damage Caused By Woodpeckers, Schmuel Moran, Chaim Keidar, Yehuda Wolf Mar 1980

Protecting Polyethylene Irrigation Pipes Against Damage Caused By Woodpeckers, Schmuel Moran, Chaim Keidar, Yehuda Wolf

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Several methods were evaluated for protecting polyethylene irrigation pipes against pecking damage caused by the Syrian woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus). Only by burying the pipes in the ground damage was effectively prevented. Other methods studied, the use of the game repellent Arbinol, covering the pipes with polyethylene sheets, and growing a weed cover, though reducing the rate of the damage, proved not to be sufficiently effective as an economic solution of the problem.

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Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins Mar 1980

Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Although bait shyness has long been recognized as a problem to be overcome in the control of vertebrate pests, it has recently been suggested that the phenomenon might be turned to an advantage and used as an alternative, non-lethal form of control. Unfortunately, this technique has not proven to be as useful as hoped, as the work which has been done on coyotes is inconclusive at best and some recent work on rodents has cast serious doubts upon the method's potential. However, an extensive literature dealing with the formation of poison-based food aversions now exists, and insights gained from these …

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The Habits And Influence On The Environment Of The Old World Porcupine Hystrix Cristata L. In The Northernmost Part Of Its Range, L. Santini Mar 1980

The Habits And Influence On The Environment Of The Old World Porcupine Hystrix Cristata L. In The Northernmost Part Of Its Range, L. Santini

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The Crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata L.) has been shown to have considerably increased in numbers, and to have occupied new territories in Tuscany, which is the northernmost part of its range. New data on its ecology and biology, and the negative effects of an excessive density of these rodents on the rural and natural environment are reported. Since this species is protected by law in Italy, because of its high value from the faunistic point of view, some possible techniques, to be improved upon, for the capture and redistribution of live specimens are discussed.

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Development Of A Simple Two-Ingredient Pyrotechnic Fumigant, Peter J. Savarie, James R. Tigner, Donald J. Elias, David J. Hayes Mar 1980

Development Of A Simple Two-Ingredient Pyrotechnic Fumigant, Peter J. Savarie, James R. Tigner, Donald J. Elias, David J. Hayes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

In laboratory tests with adult coyotes (Canis latrans) a pyrotechnic fumigant containing two active ingredients, sodium nitrate and charcoal, was found to be just as effective as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gas Cartridge that contains six active and two inactive ingredients. The two-ingredient cartridge produces high concentrations of carbon monoxide. Field tests with cartridges containing 240 g of 65% sodium nitrate and 35% charcoal produced a 96% mortality rate in coyote pups. A cartridge containing 65 g of 65% sodium nitrate and 35% charcoal was effective in both laboratory and field tests on wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). …

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Studies Of The Toxicity Of Vacor (Rh-787) On The Reproductive Biology Of Rattus Rattus Rufescens, Y. Saxena, P.P. Sharma, M. Zutshi Mar 1980

Studies Of The Toxicity Of Vacor (Rh-787) On The Reproductive Biology Of Rattus Rattus Rufescens, Y. Saxena, P.P. Sharma, M. Zutshi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Investigations on damage, losses and diseases attributed to rodents in India are well documented by Barnett and Prakash (1975), Fitzwater and Prakash (1973). The toxicity of rodenticides on the rodents have been studied by several investigators such as Cowan (1978), Marsh and Howard (1975, 1977). Some rodenticides are less potent and induce overall deleterious effects on biological systems but not on mortality. Therefore, studies on the effects of these agents on the reproductive biology would be of significance as reported by D'souza and Batra (1975). Srivastava et al. (1979) investigated the bait shyness as shown by rodents in case of …

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Multiple Litters In The California Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Beecheyi Fisheri, In Tulare County, George L. Simpson, Thomas K. Lamunyon Mar 1980

Multiple Litters In The California Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Beecheyi Fisheri, In Tulare County, George L. Simpson, Thomas K. Lamunyon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

From the fall of 1977 through late spring of 1979, periodic examination of female ground squirrels in the low oak woodlands of southern Tulare County revealed that as much as 20 percent of the reproductively active females bred a second time within a given breeding season. This began to occur 50 to 80 days after the beginning of the breeding season. Evidence of litter loss from abortion was inapparent in 1979, but grossly obvious uterine inflammation was seen in 2 percent of the females in 1978. Neonatal losses were undetermined. Rebreeding appeared to occur in the older females, 2 years …

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Efficacy Tests Of Different Rodenticides On Some Species Of Rats In Thailand, Kasem Tongtavee Mar 1980

Efficacy Tests Of Different Rodenticides On Some Species Of Rats In Thailand, Kasem Tongtavee

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Two acute rodenticides, zinc phosphide and Vacor, at different concentrations were tested on the rice field rats (Rattus argentiventer) and the bandicoot rats (Bandicota indica) with a choice-feeding procedure. It was found that zinc phosphide at 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.6% caused 30%, 30%, and 60% mortality, respectively, to R. argentiventer, and at 1.6% caused death only 30% to B. indica, whereas Vacor at 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.6% caused 70%, 60% and 80% mortality, respectively to R. argentiventer and this compound at 1.6% killed 60% of B. indica. Five anticoagulants Actosin-P, warfarin, Racumin, brodifacoum, and chlorophacinone also were tested on R. argentiventer and …

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Rat Control In Coconut Palms In Colombia, Danilo Valencia Mar 1980

Rat Control In Coconut Palms In Colombia, Danilo Valencia

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The black rat (Rattus rattus) causes severe damage to coconut (Cocos nucifera) crops in Colombia. These rodents climb to the crown of producing palms and often nest there. Damage results from the rats gnawing the shells of the coconuts until they penetrate to the endosperm; the perforated nuts will fall within a period of 15 days and are unsuitable for harvest.
Since 1972, the Colombian Agricultural Research Institute (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario or ICA), through its Vertebrate Control Program, has been conducting a series of investigations to obtain information about the characteristics of this damage and the best means of reducing …

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Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman Mar 1980

Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Population studies on the gerbil, Gerbillus andersoni, were carried out in Omayed in the Western Desert of Egypt during the period from July 1976 through August 1978 inclusive. Studies included determination of the sex ratio in the different age and weight groups, as well as seasonal changes in this ratio. The mean weight and age at the onset of maturity and the reproductive activity of both sexes were determined. The study also included seasonal changes in mean body weights of both sexes, those of the testes in relation to body weights, as well as changes in the length of the …

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The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer Mar 1980

The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Considerable effort has gone into developing and testing the various management methods for keeping blackbirds out of cornfields, but little work has been directed at understanding the relationship of the birds or the damage control methods to the other organisms within cornfields. This report shows that in a number of cases insects may influence bird-damage control programs. It points out the complex interaction among organisms that can occur in agricultural crops and the importance of considering pest control from an integrated view instead of from a single-species basis.

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Environmental Manipulation In Roof Rat Control Programs, Gene Zdunowski Mar 1980

Environmental Manipulation In Roof Rat Control Programs, Gene Zdunowski

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The control of roof rat Rattus rattus involves not just chemical and physical suppression, exclusion, and sanitation in an integrated environmental manipulation approach, but in order for the environmental manipulative technique to work, the environmental-behavioral habits of the individuals living in these roof rat infested areas must be modified. Once a target area of known rodent infestation has been initially impacted and environmentally improved upon, the task by the homeowner to continue to practice environmental manipulation must be ongoing. Continued maintenance of the environmentally improved area by staff knowledgeable in environmental manipulation and behavioral modification is the only way to …

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Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi Mar 1980

Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

A brief review of deratization carried out in Budapest (.2 million inhabitants) is given. As a result of an extensive eradication project initial infestation level of premises amounting to 33% decreased below 0.5%. Materials and techniques employed for the preservation of a rat free state as well as the method how to determine the size of the remainder of the rat population are described. "Idealized premises" were introduced allowing comparison between rat infestations of various areas. Report on the relationship between rat population and temperature, on the areal dispersion of population and on how re-infestation occurs. Finally conclusions are drawn …

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Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick Mar 1980

Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Woven-wire fences, 2.4-m-high, have proven to be deer-proof and economically feasible for some apple orchards planted to semi-dwarf and dwarf trees, under high-density planting systems. The factors included in a benefit-cost analysis are described, and a formula is given to facilitate a decision about the economic feasibility of investing in a fence of this type.

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Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark Mar 1980

Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Welcoming Statment

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Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance Mar 1980

Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

This paper examines and evaluates the use of strychnine baits and cyanide guns for coyote (Canis latrans) control by livestock producers in Alberta. Livestock predation occurred almost exclusively during spring, summer, and fall; livestock predation was negligible during winter. In contrast, use of toxicants was negligible in spring, distributed rather evenly through the summer and fall, and most intense in mid-winter. Forty-eight percent of the producers set toxicants in response to predation, and 1/2 of these apparently resolved their predator problems. Fifty-five percent of the producers set toxicants for preventive control, predominantly during October-February when the effectiveness of control was …

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Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans Mar 1980

Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) is a major factor limiting reforestation in the western United States. To control gopher populations and reduce damage, the U.S. Forest Service annually treats thousands of hectares with strychnine alkaloid bait. Because an underground application of strychnine bait could pose a threat to other species, we monitored small mammal populations before and after a baiting operation conducted in 1979 on the Targhee National Forest, Idaho. Although two deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) recovered within baited areas were killed by strychnine, live-trapping revealed no differences in small mammal populations before and after baiting. …

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Conference Participants Mar 1980

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

A total of 347 people registered at the Conference. The participants came from 33 states, the District of Columbia, and 20 other countries: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, Fed. Rep. Germany, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania, Thailand, and Venezuela. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributes to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified exchange of ideas and information.

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Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo Mar 1980

Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The systematic study of the roles of vertebrate pests in agriculture in Nigeria is relatively very young, having spanned only two decades. During this period the species composition of vertebrate pests has been determined in some important crop plants like cocoa (Taylor 1961, Everard 1968), oil palm (Greaves 1964), maize (Everard 1966; Funmilayo 1976) and rice (Funmilayo and Akande 1977). The ecology of a few important pest species has been studied. Because of its devastating destruction of many graminaceous crops in Nigeria and over most parts of Africa, the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) has been studied more intensively than other …

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Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula Mar 1980

Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Since anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was first discovered in the United States in 1971, it has become apparent that the phenomenon is widespread. In cooperation with the Center for Disease Control, a nationwide surveillance program was initiated in 1977 to obtain statistically valid samples of rats from federally funded projects of the Urban Rat Control Program. A summary is given of the basic sampling, testing, and analysis components of this study. Problems encountered in all aspects of the first three years of the program are discussed along with results from the 40 completed samples. The 16 cities with significant Anticoagulant Resistance …

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Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding Mar 1980

Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The Red Kangaroo is the dominant native grazing herbivore over much of the arid rangeland area of Western Australia, where the species exists side by side with introduced livestock. The numbers are such that Red Kangaroos can be utilized as the basis for a commercial harvesting industry provided the population is managed on a sustained yield basis. The WA Management Programme is designed to take account of the need for conservation of the species and for protection of the livestock industry and the rangelands on which both kangaroos and the livestock industry depend.

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Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott Mar 1980

Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Frightening devices and other methods of dispersing roosting blackbirds and starlings are described along with the techniques for their proper application. In a study in the southeastern United States, exploding shotgun shells and noise bombs were used to disperse roosts of up to 1 million birds. Five roosts containing up to 1 million blackbirds and starlings were 96 to 100% dispersed by two to five people during three to eight evenings of harassment. Dispersal cost between $80 and $535 per roost.

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Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass Mar 1980

Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Data about the efficacy of predator damage reduction programs are shown for predation loss studies with control, loss studies without control, complaint resolution or success rates, and predation-predatorcapture sequences. This combined evidence indicates that animal damage control programs are reducing predation on livestock.

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Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson Mar 1980

Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The status of our knowledge of the roles of various sylvatic rodents in plague ecology in California is reviewed. Two theories, Pavlovsky's doctrine of focality of zoonotic diseases and Baltazard's proposal that plague is maintained in nature in resistant rodent species, form the framework for our understanding of the occurrence and persistence of plague. The concepts of resistance, reservoir species, susceptibility, and recipient species are defined and discussed. The ecological attributes that appear to enhance the role of certain rodent species as reservoirs are proposed, and the ecological features that appear to produce epizootics are briefly outlined. Based on current …

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The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson Mar 1980

The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

With ever-increasing environmental pressures being placed on all animal control agencies worldwide, particularly those utilizing toxins as control weapons, the time has arisen where those agencies must attempt to anticipate these pressures which are likely to become more vocal and counter them wherever possible before they happen. It is an accepted fact that the world as a whole has become extremely environmental conscious in all fields, not just pest control. This can be seen or heard most days of the week in newspapers, on television or radio. The reasons for this awareness of the environmental problem are wide and diverse …

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Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand Mar 1980

Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Presently southeastern Florida has at least 24 established exotic avian species from both New and Old World families. This much man-modified region of Florida is characterized by the Atlantic Coastal Ridge in Palm Beach, Broward and Dade Counties and the Florida Keys of Monroe County. Because of the draining of the Everglades to the west, the filling of the mangroves on the seaward side, and the accompanying urban-suburban sprawl, many exotic plant species have invaded the Ridge thus preparing the environment for introduced birds. The Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus, illustrates this point. Most exotic avian species have appeared and colonized …

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Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade Mar 1980

Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

This review summarizes executive and other actions relating to cancellation of the predacides in 1972 and related events. A chronology of these actions and events is appended (Appendix A). Predator damage control operations, and research findings over the past decade, are briefly reviewed and related political decisions are discussed.

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Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker Mar 1980

Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

One of the biggest problems In our mouse control program at H. F. and T. B. Byrd, Inc. in Timberville, Virginia Is keeping a palatable bait before the voles until the bait can be accepted. For years we used labor needed for pruning to place an expensive bait only to be impeded by wet weather that molded the bait.

This year an effort is being made to keep the bait in good condition and before the target animal for a longer time. We cut old car tires (not steel belted) given to us by a local distributor and rented his …

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Evaluation Of Impacts Associated With Reregulation Of Water Levels In Lake Mohave, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, U.S. Water And Power Resources Service Mar 1980

Evaluation Of Impacts Associated With Reregulation Of Water Levels In Lake Mohave, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker, U.S. Water And Power Resources Service

Publications (WR)

The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service is considering reregulating Lake Mohave water levels to increase the net power benefit from Hoover Dam. Reregulation will not increase the generation capacity of the Hoover powerplant but it will enable the plant operation to be increased when the energy has greater monetary value. Energy generated at different times of the year has different market value, the highest being in January-March and July- September. By generating more power during these periods more net monetary benefit can be derived from Hoover Dam. The total volume of water released from Hoover Dam over an annual …

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Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick Feb 1980

Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Results from previous work on pine vole populations and habitat interactions (Cengel et a1. 1978; Noffsinger 1976) suggested that pine vole populations were quite sensitive to seasonal changes in the quantity, species composition, and nutritive value of available forage. This conclusion was based on decreases in both reproductive performance and physical condition of pine voles collected from abandoned orchards in the fall as compared to voles taken from maintained orchards during the same season. Utilizing information from these investigations, a "follow-up" study was designed to investigate food availability and nutrient composition, food consumption, food digestibility, and energy requirements of pine …

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