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Articles 7051 - 7080 of 7808

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Panel Discussion: Ecology And Management Of Prairie Dogs, James L. Stubbendieck Oct 1981

Panel Discussion: Ecology And Management Of Prairie Dogs, James L. Stubbendieck

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Questions and answers: Monte G. Garrett, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Greg L. Schenbeck

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Efficacy And Costs Of Four Rodenticides For Controlling Columbian Ground Squirrels In Western Montana, Steven W. Albert, C. Raymond Record Oct 1981

Efficacy And Costs Of Four Rodenticides For Controlling Columbian Ground Squirrels In Western Montana, Steven W. Albert, C. Raymond Record

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Efficacy and costs of four rodenticides for the control of Columbian ground squirrels were compared in western Montana. Reductions in surface ground squirrel activity and costs per 100 burrows treated for the various treatments were: 1080 oat groats 99.6%-$3.11, gas cartridges 72.2%-$26.57, strychnine oats 64.2%-$3.06, zinc phosphide cabbage 60.9%-$8.48, zinc phosphide oats 41.3%-$3.15, and strychnine cabbage 14.4%-$9.58. Surface deaths associated with 1080 amounted to 2.35 ground squirrels per 100 burrows treated. Above ground death rates for the remaining treatments were negligible or nonexistent for both target and non-target species. One white-footed deer mouse was found dead on the strychnine cabbage …

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Criteria For Pesticide Registration, John R. Beck, William B. Jackson Oct 1981

Criteria For Pesticide Registration, John R. Beck, William B. Jackson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Satisfactory criteria for registration of vertebrate pesticides, other than for commensal rodents, are largely lacking. Even those that are available have not made their way fully through the bureaucratic processes of EPA. Recognizing the difficulty of standardizing pesticide registration, EPA in 1973 requested that the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) consider establishing a committee on pesticides for the purpose of writing consensus standards, guidelines, and practice statements. The resulting committee of more than 400 biological scientists and chemists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies has prepared standards on many phylogenetic areas.

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Urban Vertebrate Pest Management: A Practical Approach, Patricia A. Chamberlain, Milton Caroline, William A. Wright Oct 1981

Urban Vertebrate Pest Management: A Practical Approach, Patricia A. Chamberlain, Milton Caroline, William A. Wright

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Urban vertebrate pest management is influenced by a variety of factors. Public perceptions of wildlife limit control specialists in their methods of operation. Population density, costs of operation and timing of control are considered. Suggestions are made for operational mode, methods, baits, traps and disposal. Two new trapping concepts are described and experimental data on attractants are given. Computer-summarized data on urban wild life conflicts from one state (Texas) show that most complaints can be handled by extension methods supplemented with direct control by the public and wild life damage control specialists.

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U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Coyote Control Research, Guy Connolly Oct 1981

U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service Coyote Control Research, Guy Connolly

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper reviews recent research by the Denver Wildlife Research Center, Section of Predator Management Research, on chemical and lethal coyote control methods. Steel trap modifications, aerial shooting, den hunting, the M-44 (spring-loaded sodium cyanide ejector), toxic and nontoxic baits, the toxic collar, other livestock-borne toxicants, development of new toxicants, and aversive conditioning with lithium chloride are discussed. No new, lethal coyote control method has been implemented into practical use over the past decade, but toxic baits and den hunting were lost or banned from use in the Federal-Cooperative Animal Damage Control Program. One new technique, the toxic collar, may …

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Status Of The Environmental Protection Agency's Review Of Rodenticides, William C. Dickinson Oct 1981

Status Of The Environmental Protection Agency's Review Of Rodenticides, William C. Dickinson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The EPA is currently conducting RPAR reviews on two widely used rodenticides, strychnine and Compound 1080. In addition, Registration Standards have been developed for the rodenticides warfarin and Fumarin®. The Zinc Phosphide Standard is currently under development. The author briefly explains the factors the Agency has been taking into account in reaching final resolution on these chemicals as well as outlining EPA's re-registration and RPAR programs.

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Prairie Dog Dispersal In Wind Cave National Park: Possibilities For Control, Monte G. Garrett, William L. Franklin Oct 1981

Prairie Dog Dispersal In Wind Cave National Park: Possibilities For Control, Monte G. Garrett, William L. Franklin

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A study was conducted in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, to collect basic information on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) dispersal and to test alternative control techniques. Dispersal occurred during a limited time period in late spring, involved both male and female prairie dogs, and resulted in relatively short movements and poor survivorship. The use of artificial visual barriers to inhibit colony expansion was effective but difficult to apply. The use of diethylstilbestrol as a temporary anti-fertility agent was shown to be an easy and effective method to reduce prairie dog reproduction and decrease colony expansion.

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Animal Damage Control - Now And In The Future, James F. Gillett Oct 1981

Animal Damage Control - Now And In The Future, James F. Gillett

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I am pleased to have the opportunity to speak to you today on behalf of the Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service. I believe animal damage control is an element of a comprehensive wild life management program. It deals with population dynamics, mortality factors, and other management considerations. It is one of a variety of challenges faced by all wildlife managers regardless of whether they are dealing with big game, waterfowl, or even endangered species. Some question the role of, or need for, intensive management of wildlife populations in favor of a "let nature take its course" approach. …

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Bison Depredation On Grain Fields In Interior Alaska, Philip S. Gipson, Jay D. Mckendrick Oct 1981

Bison Depredation On Grain Fields In Interior Alaska, Philip S. Gipson, Jay D. Mckendrick

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The reported value of grain damaged by bison (Bison bison) may exceed $100,000 annually in the vicinity of Delta Junction, Alaska. This paper reviews the history and present status of bison and their relations to agriculture around Delta Junction. A number of management options are discussed that may reduce conflicts between bison enthusiasts and farmers.

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Use Of Starlicide To Reduce Starling Damage At Livestock Feeding Operations, James F. Glahn Oct 1981

Use Of Starlicide To Reduce Starling Damage At Livestock Feeding Operations, James F. Glahn

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Starling damage at livestock feedlots is discussed and background information is given on the properties of Starlicide® which need to be considered when using this product for control of starlings. A five-step guideline for a starling control program with Starlicide is presented: pre-treatment assessment, collecting information and materials, pre-baiting, baiting strategies with bait containers and broadcast application methods, and post-treatment assessment.

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Ipm - An Overview, R.E. Gold Oct 1981

Ipm - An Overview, R.E. Gold

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a term that is widely used, but little understood. The Federal Interagency IPM Coordinating Committee adopted the description of IPM as "a systems approach to reduce pest damage to tolerable levels through a variety of techniques, including predators and parasites, genetically resistant hosts, natural environmental modifications and, when necessary and appropriate, chemical pesticides." Essentially, the ultimate goal of IPM programs is to reduce pest populations to "tolerable levels". This may be a departure from more traditional approaches to pest control that advocated the elimination or eradication of pest populations. Another postulate of IPM is that …

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Reducing Coyote Damage To Sheep With Non-Lethal Techniques, Jeffrey S. Green Oct 1981

Reducing Coyote Damage To Sheep With Non-Lethal Techniques, Jeffrey S. Green

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Since 1972, when the U.S. Government restricted uses of toxicants for controlling coyotes, a variety of non-lethal techniques has been tested for effectiveness in protecting livestock. Some were ineffective, but others helped to reduce the incidence of predation on sheep. In addition to sound management practices, electric fencing and livestock guarding dogs appear to have the widest applicability for sheep producers. Mechanical frightening devices have been successful in some fenced pasture sheep operations. As with the lethal methods currently used, non-lethal control does not solve all depredation problems. A combination of various control techniques (both lethal and non-lethal) is necessary …

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Controlling Problem Pocket Gophers And Moles, F. Robert Henderson Oct 1981

Controlling Problem Pocket Gophers And Moles, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Two small mammals, pocket gophers and moles, spend most of their lives underground and can cause a lot of concern and frustration to people above ground. The pocket gopher and mole, while engaging in their daily activities, leave their telltale marks on lawns and gardens, on golf courses, parks, cemeteries, and on alfalfa fields and rangelands. Sometimes they damage irrigation canals and dikes and chew into underground cables. They can also create root damage to young trees.

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Prairie Dogs And Their Influence On Rangeland And Livestock, Robert M. Hyde Oct 1981

Prairie Dogs And Their Influence On Rangeland And Livestock, Robert M. Hyde

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The prairie dog (Cynomys) has been cussed, discussed, protected, exploited, credited with doing many good things and accused of being completely bad. He is at least a controversial Great Plains inhabitant. The prairie dog has been credited with adding significant amounts of organic matter to the soil profile through burrowing, clipping and feces deposition. Really the 35 to 40 pounds of organic matter per acre per year added to the soil profile by prairie dogs is rather insignificant especially when one considers that amount throughout a 5 to 7 foot soil profile and that the organic matter added isn't well …

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Nebraska's Animal Damage Control Program, Robert P. Kelly Oct 1981

Nebraska's Animal Damage Control Program, Robert P. Kelly

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Nebraska has had an animal damage control program of some sort for at least 40 years that we are able to determine. In the program's early days, it was spotty, with a supervisor and trappers responding sporadically as word was received that ranchers, primarily in the sandhills and western part of the state, were losing sheep or calves to coyotes.

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The Potential Dollar Value Of Tree Loss In Orchards, George W. J. Laidlaw Oct 1981

The Potential Dollar Value Of Tree Loss In Orchards, George W. J. Laidlaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rising costs have increased the need to re-evaluate the attributes which influence profit or lack of it . People are no longer willing to accept loss when cost-benefit information allows the farmer or orchardman to appreciate the repercussions associated with mismanagement.

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Usda And Animal Damage Control, James O. Lee Jr. Oct 1981

Usda And Animal Damage Control, James O. Lee Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I appreciate the opportunity to appear before your group to express the views of the Department of Agriculture concerning animal damage control. The Department of Agriculture strongly supports and recognizes the need for immediate animal damage control to reduce livestock losses. It sees the need for—and supports--an animal damage control program that both uses existing methods and develops new and more selective ones and, at the same time, protects the environment.

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Opening Comments And Extension's Role In Nebraska, Leo E. Lucas Oct 1981

Opening Comments And Extension's Role In Nebraska, Leo E. Lucas

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I would like to echo Dr. Massengale's comments in welcoming you to Nebraska. We are pleased to have you here. Nebraska is a major agricultural state. Ninety-seven percent of the land is privately owned and most of it is in agricultural production of one type or another. Nebraska ranks fifth in total receipt sales of Ag products. Nebraska ranks second in the nation in numbers of cattle on feed, fourth in cash receipts from all livestock marketing, first in production of great northern beans, popcorn and alfalfa meal, and fourth in corn production. Agriculture is important to the state's economy.

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Future Of Pesticides In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh Oct 1981

Future Of Pesticides In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The present state-of-the-art provides little information which would lead to the conclusions that animal damage control will take a new direction away from chemicals. Hence, vertebrate pesticides whether toxicants or repellents will remain essential components of integrated pest management programs. The future of vertebrate pesticides is far from being bright, but current developments offer some good reasons to remain optimistic. The various factors which influence the development of new vertebrate pesticides (principally rodenticides) are discussed along with projections of stable as well as changing trends. Speculation on the future of vertebrate pesticides may provide tentative directions for some and forecast …

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The Unrealistic Ipm Parameters Of Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh Oct 1981

The Unrealistic Ipm Parameters Of Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In actual practice certain phases of integrated pest management (IPM), i.e., the utilization of a multitude of control methods, have always played a role in vertebrate pest management. For example, sanitation and rodent-proofing have always been viewed as most important aspects of rat control. IPM is a necessity in vertebrate pest control because total dependence on lethal chemical-control methods is not possible with many animal pest problems. Toxic chemicals, when used alone, are often not sufficiently effective as a single management practice.

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A Common Sense Approach To Commensal Rodent Control, Edward F. Marshall Oct 1981

A Common Sense Approach To Commensal Rodent Control, Edward F. Marshall

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

More than once the phrase has been heard, "I don't know what's in your bait, I don't have time to read the label, but it sure does work good." To be quite frank, a pest control operator (PCO) or for that matter, any pesticide user cannot afford not to read and understand pesticide labels. Commensal rodent control has been practiced for centuries, utilizing a variety of devices and poisons. However, in the last three decades new toxicants and bait forms have been developed, but are not fully understood. It is of great importance that first we take a common sense …

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Welcome, Martin A. Massengale Oct 1981

Welcome, Martin A. Massengale

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It's a real pleasure to welcome you to the University of Nebraska - Lincoln this morning. I see many people here that I know have come from numerous states across this part of the country. We welcome you. I'm sorry we don't have a sunny Lincoln to welcome you to, but I’m sure that if you've come from this part of the country, you welcome the moisture whenever it arrives.

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L:Egal Problems Of Bird Damage Control - Protected Species And Practical Solutions, Ronald D. Ogden Oct 1981

L:Egal Problems Of Bird Damage Control - Protected Species And Practical Solutions, Ronald D. Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Legal problems in bird damage control can occur from two directions. First, most birds are protected by federal law; all birds are protected by some states and all birds can be protected by local governing agencies. Second, the method of control may be restricted by state or local governments. Some states require permits to use toxicants; shooting is prohibited in some areas by local government. The only practical solution is to know the federal and state regulations pertaining to each individual project and to check each time with local agencies for further restrictions. A federal permit is required to trap …

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Computers And Vertebrate Pest Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Dennis C. Stroud, Aileen Kennedy Oct 1981

Computers And Vertebrate Pest Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Dennis C. Stroud, Aileen Kennedy

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Computers are affordable and usable by most individuals involved in vertebrate pest control. Their value as a research tool for vertebrate pest population modeling has been proposed; however, few, if any, are being used for field operations. Despite their ecological limitations, simulating models have been developed that are useful in wildlife management, including wildlife pest problems. Improvement of these or similar models could answer questions such as population effects from a control program, proper timing of control, and the impact of control on non-target species. Vertebrate pest control information can also be stored, retrieved and disseminated via the computer. The …

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Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Robert M. Timm, Ron J. Johnson Oct 1981

Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Robert M. Timm, Ron J. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Proceedings
Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop
Contents

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Public Relations And Successful Blackbird Roost Management, Sally S. Erdman Oct 1981

Public Relations And Successful Blackbird Roost Management, Sally S. Erdman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The public relations aspects of a successful blackbird roost management program for an urban area are described. Appendices include sample field note format, selected bird control references, a method for preserving birds, bird control materials, and a sample citation form.

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A Review Of Prairie Dog Diet And Its Variability Among Animals And Colonies, Kathleen A. Fagerstone Oct 1981

A Review Of Prairie Dog Diet And Its Variability Among Animals And Colonies, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

After almost 70 years of decline, prairie dog numbers are increasing in many western states. As populations expand, it becomes increasingly important to clarify the degree of competition between prairie dogs and livestock. A review of studies on prairie dog food habits shows variable results. Prairie dogs frequently eat the same plant species as cattle and their activities may cause a decrease in grasses normally considered good livestock forage and an increase in forb cover. However, in some instances, prairie dogs may be beneficial to rangeland; plant species diversity and protein content of forage are often greater on prairie dog …

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Outwitting The House Sparrow [Passer Domesticus (Linnaeus)], William D. Fitzwater Oct 1981

Outwitting The House Sparrow [Passer Domesticus (Linnaeus)], William D. Fitzwater

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

With the decline of house sparrow populations during the first quarter of this century, control research attention shifted to other avian species so little new is available on either life history studies or management. Solutions to animal damage control problems are generally through (1) environmental controls, (2) protection of crops and/or sites, and (3) population reduction. In the case of sparrow problems, environmental controls are of limited application as the birds prefer the habitat modifications made by man. Protection of crops or sites relies on repellents which are generally ineffective against this particular species. The only viable population level controls …

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Poster Session Abstracts Oct 1981

Poster Session Abstracts

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Poster Abstracts include:

● FURBEARER TRAPPER-HUNTER EDUCATION IN KANSAS
EDWARD K. BOGGESS and F. ROBERT HENDERSON, Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University

● A FLOW CHART FOR HOUSE MOUSE CONTROL
DARYL D. FISHER and ROBERT M. Timm, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● BIRD DRAMAGE CONTROL AND DISPERSAL RECORDINGS
RON J. JOHNSON and ROBERT H. SCHMIDT, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● GROUND SQUIRREL CONTROL IN NEWLY PLANTED GRAlN FIELDS
ANN E. KOLHLER and RON J. JOHNSON, Department of Forestry. Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● WOODPECKER DAMAGE TO HOUSES AND …

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Formula To Build A Better "Rat Trap" Rodenticide, George W.J. Laidlaw Oct 1981

Formula To Build A Better "Rat Trap" Rodenticide, George W.J. Laidlaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In the time that the Pesticides Division of Agriculture Canada has been evaluating rodenticides, it has become apparent that the formulated product's efficacy is dependent on the character of the inert ingredients as well as on the actual active toxicant. The type of food, its level of manufacture, the adhesive-binder, the attractants and preservatives can each affect the efficiency of the active ingredient. Currently, very serious problems have arisen because of the anticoagulant resistance and bait shyness that rodents have developed towards existing products.

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