Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Approaches To Coot Management In California, Valerie Van Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Coot depredations have been documented in California since 1886, and shooting has been relied on as the principal means of mitigating damage. Immobilizing agents continue to offer promise as useful nonlethal tools for population reduction programs. Exploration of the use of tribromoethanol in coot capture is described, and the potential for other bird management techniques is discussed.

An Evaluation Of The Acute Oral Toxicity Of Brodifacoum To Birds, Michael E. R. Godfrey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Single acute doses of the rodenticide brodifacoum were administered orally to 13 species of birds which are at risk from accidental poisoning during rabbit or possum control operations. Median lethal dose values from less than 1 to more than 20 mg/kg were obtained for some species. Gulls and Canada geese appear to be particularly susceptible. Several species, particularly the gulls, waxeyes, sparrows, mallard ducks and harrier hawks, seem to be vulnerable to lead poisoning.

A Five-Year Evaluation Of The Silvicultural Treatments For The Control Of Squirrel Damage In Taiwan, Pao-Chang Kuo, Yue-Ken Liao

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

The Formosan red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus. ) is a pest animal that causes serious damage to many conifer plantations in Taiwan. Poisoning has been the major means to control the damage. The feasibility of forestry control through habitat manipulation has been evaluated during the past 5 years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forest-tending operations on the activity and damage by squirrels. Forest-tending conducted included weeding and thinning. Test sites were at three Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations located in Chitou. The results of this study revealed that squirrel activity in …

Efficacy Of A Carbon Monoxide Gas Cartridge Against Field Rodents, Deng Zhi, Zhao Wu Chang

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Efficacy data of a gas cartridge are reported. The gas cartridge contains 50 g of potassium nitrate (27.5 g, 55%) mixed with sawdust (22.5 g, 45%). When ignited, it generates large amounts of carbon monoxide (avg. 23.46%) and carbon dioxide (avg. 26.26%). A mimic field trial was carried out on a winter day. The air temperature averaged 1.2°C, ranging from -3.3°C to +5°C. Sixteen adult albino rats were killed within 3 minutes exposure in a man-made burrow system, 200 cm long, with an inside diameter of 8 cm.

Field trials were conducted in different parts of China, and there were …

Results Of Eight Years' Examination Of The Habitats Of Residual Urban Norway Rat Populations After Eradication, Daniel Bajomi, Katalin Sasvari

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

In Budapest (population 2 million) 33 out of 100 buildings were rat-infested in the early seventies. Thus general deratization was decreed to cover the whole of the city in 1971 to 1972. As a result of the global eradication method applied, the rate of rat-infested premises could be reduced below 0.5% annually. After control the sparsely occurring rats could freely choose any of the habitats released for settling. The habitats of Budapest most preferred by Norway rats are presented after a wide-ranging investigation carried out over 8 years. Our examination data support and in some cases reveal the requirements of …

Barn Owls And Industry: Problems And Solutions, Lee R. Martin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Three methods were explored to eliminate damage caused by owl pellets and fecal droppings: exclusion; trapping; and sound deterrents including abstract sound, biosonic sound, and high frequency sound.

Initial successful results of various types of sound diminished with time to the point that owls adapted and ignored all sound repellents within a short period. Exclusion techniques were ineffective as owls would find ways around, through or between any non-permanent structure blocking entry through warehouse openings. Live-trapping and relocating owls was the only effective technique tested in this experimental program. Three trap methods were found effective, but trap success diminished with …

Protection With Vexar Cylinders From Damage By Meadow Voles Of Tree And Shrub Seedlings In Northeastern Alberta, Ronald W. Pauls

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Vast areas of land will require reclamation and reforestation following oil sands development in northeastern Alberta. Greenhouse-grown tree and shrub seedlings used in reforestation may be clipped or girdled by meadow voles, especially during periods of high population density. The impact of partial girdling, the most common form of damage, varies among species. Reduced survival rates in seedlings girdled over as little as 50% of their circumference and reduced growth rates in seedlings girdled over as little as 25% of their circumference, have been noted. Plastic mesh cylinders (tradename Vexar) have proven effective in preventing seedling damage and durable in …

An Overview Of Minnesota's Role In The Federal Nuclear Waste Disposal Process, Gregg Larson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Siting: A Political Process, James Pehler

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The U.S. Department Of Energy's Crystalline Repository Project- A Technical Overview, Edward S. Patera

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Geological Review Of Department Of Energy Proposed Sites In Minnesota For High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal, Brenda Lorinser

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The Department of Energy (DOE) proposed three potentially acceptable sites for high-level radioactive waste disposal in Minnesota. These sites were chosen on the basis of the nature of the exposed or near surface crystalline rock bodies they contain. However, the accuracy of the data used by the DOE in choosing these sites is variable, from excellent to poor.

Grazing And Management Of Saltland Shrubs, C V. Malcolm, J. E. Pol

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

areas of bare saltland on farms need not be unproductive etesores. Many Western Australian farmers are now successfully growing salt-tolerant or halophytic shrubs such as bluebush (Maireana brevifolia), saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) and samphires (Halosarcia spp.) on these areas.

Department of agriculture trials and farmers' experience indicate that if saltland is planted with recommended shrubs, it can provide two months' valuable grazing for sheep during autumn and early winter, a time when paddock feed is scarce. Research by the Department has also identified a range of salt-tolerant shrubs suited to the various types of saltland.

Grazing trials to …

Biological Control Of Parkinsonia, W M. Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the most troublesome weeds in northern Australia'a lastoral country is Parkinsonia aculeata, commonly called Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Palo Verde or Retama. In 983 Western Australia, ueensland and the Northern Territory started a joint biological control programme against this perst by sending the author overseas to search for its natural predators in southern USA, Mexico and Central America. A few insects show promise and one, a bruchid beetle Mimosetes ulkei, is being tested under Quarantine in Queensland.

A Geographer's Response To The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Robert Bixby

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Citizen Participation In Siting A High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility, Barbara J. Johnson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

In order to have a successful radioactive waste management and disposal program, the federal government must build public confidence and trust in the siting process (1). To do this three requirements must be met: 1) the program must be technically feasible; 2) the program must be politically palatable; and 3) the program must be societally acceptable.

Citizen participation is necessary to ensure that a radioactive waste management program is accepted by society and is politically feasible. Citizen involvement indirectly impacts technical feasibility by addressing the ethical and moral implications of nuclear waste disposal, thus helping to establish the parameters of …

A Brief Chronology Of Some Events Related To Cancellation/Suspension Of The Predacides (Compound 1080, Strychnine, Sodium Cyanide) By The Environmental Protection Agency In 1972 And Ensuing Actions By Federal And State Agencies., Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Covers 1964-1986

Incidence And Significance Of Giardia Lamblia (Lambl ) In Texas Beaver Populations, Robert Beach, William F. Mcculloch

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Giardia lamblia (Lambl) protozoan is not a recently discovered parasite. It was. in fact, one of the first organisms viewed and described by Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1681) as he designed the first usable microscope. Leeuwenhoek found this organism in a sample of his own diarrhetic stool and thus he constitutes the first confirmed case of human giardiasis. His finding represents proof of glardiasis’ close association with man for many years. Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of the giardial trophozoite was not elaborated on for some 178 years, however, as it was not until 1859 that Wilhelm D. Lambl systematically described the organism …

The Use Of Fixed Wing Aircraft In Predator Control, Larry D. Vetterman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Aerial hunting was first used in a professional predator control program in 1942. The most popular aircraft used by animal damage control agencies is the Piper PA-18. Proper training of flight crews is of utmost importance for a successful aerial operation. Fixed wing hunting is restricted to relatively open areas and flat terrain. Aerial hunting is an excellent control method where livestock losses are severe and immediate control is needed.

Seventh Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings, Daniel B. Fagre

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Table of contents

Current Status And Potential Registrations Of Compound 1080 And Strychnine For Rodent Control, Lyle A. Crosby

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

On December 1, 1976, the Environmental Protection Agency applied Section 6 of the Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, "Administrative Review", in determining that the use of products containing strychnine, for above ground application to control several rodent species, met specific cancellation criteria outlined in 40 CFR 162.11. Position Document 4 (the final Agency decision), published on September 30, 1983, proposed to cancel registrations of strychnine products for above ground use to control prairie dogs and required label modification for confined use on ground squirrels. The final decision was challenged by several parties who requested a formal hearing which was …

Preliminary Studies On The Feasibility Of Urban Rabies Control, Richard C. Rosatte

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A preliminary investigation was initiated in 1984 to determine the feasibility of an urban rabies control strategy which involved capturing, vaccinating and releasing skunks and raccoons in metropolitan Toronto, Ontario. Results indicate urban skunks and raccoons are utilizing extremely small home ranges and their movements are not extensive. Trapping data suggested a large proportion of the population of skunks and raccoons in the study area were captured during the first 4 nights of trapping. Capture data also indicated the presence of new animals in the study areas between trapping periods. The 3 study areas, which differed in human land-use classification, …

Preliminary Field Evaluation Of A New Formulation Of Rozol ( Chlorophacinone ) Bait Against Pocket Gophers In Colorado, John A. Baroch, Richard M. Poche

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Mountain pocket gophers (Thomomy's talpoides) and plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) are a problem to rangelands in Colorado. A new chlorophacinone (50 ppm) pelleted bait was applied to active burrow systems by hand baiting. Efficacy on the Geomys plot was 100%, while 94.73% of the Thomomys were controlled with the product.

Aggressive Behavior Of Mississippi Kites In Suburban Areas, Berkeley R. Peterson, Charles S. Brown

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Mississippi Kite is a small diurnal bird of prey which nests throughout the southern Great Plains Its aggressive behavior during nesting has created problems for residents in suburban areas. The removal of the nest and relocation of the eggs and young will end the attacks by the parent birds. The eggs are incubated and the resulting young, as well as other young removed from problem nests, are then placed in foster nests in more remote areas. Preliminary results indicated this will be a very successful way of dealing with the young of problem kites and is an effective way …

Wildlife In Texas: Marketing Potential And The Significance Of Wildlife Damage, Milo J. Shult

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This is a challenging topic to discuss, and I would first like to review some things which are unique to Texas with respect to wildlife populations. These concern the importance of wildlife from a commodity standpoint Then I would like to delve into some areas which tend to be a little more philosophical and focus on the impacts of total wildlife management, including wildlife damage control.

The Effect Of Dietary Protein And Feed Size On The Assimilation Efficiency Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Daniel J. Twedt

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Starlings (Sturnus vulgarisl were fed 3 feed sizes and 3 protein levels of swine feeds to determine metabolizable energy and assimilation efficiency. Metabolizable energy (12 kcal/g of diet consumed) and assimilation efficiency (3296 of gross energy intake) were independent of feed size. A 46% crude protein diet was 5196 assimilated and yielded more energy per gram of diet consumed than a 2196 crude protein diet which was only 35% assimilated. Starlings failed to maintain their body weight on a cracked corn diet containing 14% crude protein. Feeding behaviors of starlings due to their assimilation efficiencies are discussed and contrasted with …

Pesticide Registration In The United States, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This review provides an abbreviated history of pesticide regulation in the United States, with a summary of the current registration process and exceptions under the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972, as amended. Issues related to registration are briefly described.

Alligator Nuisance Control Program In Texas: Problem And Process, Lee Ann Johnson, David S. Lobpries, Bruce G. Thompson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Following protection of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in Texas beginning in 1969, alligator numbers have increased rapidly (Patter 1981). Such population increases led to the federal reclassification of the species from Endangered to Threatened--Similarity of Appearance in 1983 in Texas (Bowman 1983). Similarity of appearance classification acknowledges the biological security of the Texas alligator population and the need for specific harvest controls to ensure that the conservation of similar appearing species is not compromised. As alligator populations recovered, nuisance complaints directed to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (T'PWD) accelerated as well. Complaints now number several hundred annually and …

Deer Damage Prevention Efforts In Pennsylvania, Jack M. Payee, William L. Palmer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Research at the Pennsylvania State University was directed towards finding effective repellents to control damage caused by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and to develop a low-cost alternative to the traditional 2.4 m woven wire barrier fence, considered to be deer-proof, but too expensive for mgt agricultural uses. Fourteen repellents were screened and 9 were found to be more effective than the others. These 9 repellents were further investigated under semi-field conditions and only 1 repellent was found to be consistent in reducing deer feeding. A vertical electric deer fence was effective in excluding deer at field sites containing alfalfa, small …

Current Status And Potential Registrations Of Compound 1080 And Strychnine For Rodent Control, Lyle A. Crosby

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

On December 1, 1976, the Environmental Protection Agency applied Section 6 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, "Administrative Review", in determining that the use of products containing strychnine, for above ground application to control several rodent species, met specific cancellation criteria outlined in 40 CFR 162.11. Position Document 4 (the final Agency decision), published on September 30, 1983, proposed to cancel registrations of strychnine products for above ground use to control prairie dogs and required label modification for confined use on ground squirrels. The final decision was challenged by several parties who requested a formal hearing which was …

Pesticide Registration In The United States, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This review provides an abbreviated history of pesticide regulation in the United States, with a summary of the current registration process and exceptions under the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972, as amended. Issues related to registration are briefly described.