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Articles 6391 - 6420 of 7823

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Field Evaluation Of Quintox (Cholecalciferol) For Controlling Com¬Mensal Rodents, L. Dawn Brown, E. F. Marshall Mar 1988

Field Evaluation Of Quintox (Cholecalciferol) For Controlling Com¬Mensal Rodents, L. Dawn Brown, E. F. Marshall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

AB STRACT: Field efficacy studies were performed on Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), roof rats (Rattus rattus), and house mice (Mus musculus) under a variety of conditions throughout the continental United States. Baits containing .075% (750 ppm) cholecalciferol yielded exceptional results in reducing commensal rodent populations under actual field conditions.

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Efficacy And Environmental Impact Of Flocoumafen (Storm) Wax Block Baits Used For Rice Field Rat Control In The Philippines., Melanda M. Hoque, Jaime L. Olvida Mar 1988

Efficacy And Environmental Impact Of Flocoumafen (Storm) Wax Block Baits Used For Rice Field Rat Control In The Philippines., Melanda M. Hoque, Jaime L. Olvida

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Two large (approx. 160 ha) trial sites incorporating ricefields and village housing were selected in Laguna Province, Philippines. Flocoumafen 3.5-g wax block baits (StormR) were applied to one site, initially as two area-wide pulses of 80 to 100 blocks/ha and later as spot treatments, to areas of particularly high rat infestation. Baiting in and around the village houses was already carried out during the first two applications. On average, only 1.175 kg/ha/season of flocoumafen block bait gave good rodent control resulting in significant decreases in crop damage (% cut tillers) compared to the untreated area. The overall yield increase was …

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Efficacy Of Trimethac Arb As A Small Mammal Repellent In No-Till Corn Plantings, George H. Matschke, William R. Bonwell, Richard M. Engeman Mar 1988

Efficacy Of Trimethac Arb As A Small Mammal Repellent In No-Till Corn Plantings, George H. Matschke, William R. Bonwell, Richard M. Engeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Trimethacarb (2,3,5-trimethylphenyl methycarbonate) was evaluated as a mouse repellent in no-till corn plantings. Two studies were conducted. One involved an early spring planting and included 5 treated and 5 control plots. The second involved a late spring planting and included 3 treated and 3 control plots. Species composition and relative abundance of small mammals were determined for each plot by trap and release before treatment. On the 10 early spring plots, species composition was 85% prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). 14% deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). and 1% house mice (Mus musculus'). On the 6 late spring plots, species composition was 66% …

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Vitamin Kt Treatment Of Brodifacoum Poisoning In Dogs, C. G. Mackintosh, F. J. Laas, M. E. R. Godfrey, K. Turner Mar 1988

Vitamin Kt Treatment Of Brodifacoum Poisoning In Dogs, C. G. Mackintosh, F. J. Laas, M. E. R. Godfrey, K. Turner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Twenty dogs received a potentially lethal (15 mg/kg) dose of brodifacoum, a halogenated coumarin-type anticoagulant poison. Eleven were immediately treated with vitamin K: daily for 5 days, either by intramuscular injections (2 mg/kg) or oral tablets (1 mg/kg). It was necessary to give further doses of vitamin Kj to most of the dogs for up to 2 weeks after the first treatment period to reduce their P times to normal levels (<10 >seconds). Four dogs were not given further vitamin Kj and two of these died of acute blood loss from an intrathoracic hemorrhage. Nine dogs received vitamin K: (2 …

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Ld50 Determination Of Zinc Phosphide Toxicity For House Mice And Albino Laboratory Mice, Li Jing-Hui, Rex E. Marsh Mar 1988

Ld50 Determination Of Zinc Phosphide Toxicity For House Mice And Albino Laboratory Mice, Li Jing-Hui, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Results showed that wild house mice were more susceptible to zinc phosphide than an albino strain. The LD50 and 95% confidence limits for combined sexes with wild house mice (Mus musculus) were 32.68 + 3.58 mg/kg, but 53.34 ± 2.64 for the albino mice. The regression equations between the probits of mortalities and the logs of doses are Y= 10.38x-10.72 for wild mice and Y=6.78x-6.71 for albino mice. Both the individual and sexual variations among albino mice in their susceptibility to zinc phosphide were greater than those of wild mice. The results suggest that attempts to extrapolate toxicity values from …

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Attractiveness Of Carbon Disulfide To Wild Norway Rats, J. Russell Mason, N. Jay Bean, Bennett G. Galef Jr. Mar 1988

Attractiveness Of Carbon Disulfide To Wild Norway Rats, J. Russell Mason, N. Jay Bean, Bennett G. Galef Jr.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In laboratory experiments, carbon disulfide (CS2) increases the attractiveness of feeding stations to rats and mice. Bait consumption is also increased, and the effects are more pronounced for females than for males. The present study was designed to assess whether CS2 would enhance consumption of a standard bait formulation by wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results showed that consumption was tripled when bait was paired with CS2. We speculate that CS2 could similarly enhance the effectiveness of rodenticide bait formulations to which it is applied. Extensive field tests of CS2 as a rodent attractant appear warranted.

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The Biology Of Domestic Rats: Telemetry Yields Insights For Pest Con¬Trol, Michael A. Recht Mar 1988

The Biology Of Domestic Rats: Telemetry Yields Insights For Pest Con¬Trol, Michael A. Recht

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In previous studies Norway and roof rats were captured, fitted with radiotransmitter collars, and released into their respective habitats. Detailed observations were made of their locomotor patterns, home ranges, activity phasing, food sources, and general behavior. A summary of micro-ecology, habitat partitioning and other behaviors from those studies which may be of use to persons interested in vertebrate pest control is reported.

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Stopping House Mice Building Infestations Through Exterior Control , Charles E. Knote Mar 1988

Stopping House Mice Building Infestations Through Exterior Control , Charles E. Knote

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

CONCLUSIONS (1) Exterior house mice (M- musculus) were the source (SOS) of 90% or more of the potential interior house mouse problems in these food warehouses and other buildings. (2) The use of a palatable bagged mouse bait inside a totally enclosed elevated mouse-sized bait station (MAJ-ik-BOX), along with self-setting multi-catch lever mouse traps (TIN CATS) "bunched" together at potential mouse entries safely and effectively eliminated an estimated 99% or more of the migrating exterior mice living or running next to the foundations of buildings. (3) The effectiveness of the "bunched" mouse-sized bait station/multi-catch trap in controlling 99% of the …

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Reduction In Rodent Populations Through Intermittent Control Operations In The Cropping Ecosystem Of The Indian Desert, Ranjan Advani, Ishwar Prakash, R. P. Mathur Mar 1988

Reduction In Rodent Populations Through Intermittent Control Operations In The Cropping Ecosystem Of The Indian Desert, Ranjan Advani, Ishwar Prakash, R. P. Mathur

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Control operations at 6-month intervals, continued for four years in crop fields, reduced the rodent population to 5.08 percent losses to agricultural production. After eight crop seasons, a significant reduction in rodent density was observed in treated areas when compared with that of the control areas (P < 0.01). Correlation between pre-treatment population index (y) and number of seasons (log of x) was found to be 0.91 (P < 0.01). A relationship was established between y and x : y = 0.804.0-0.9621 log x. From this equation, it can be inferred that rodent population will reach zero level after treating crop fields continuously for6.85 or say 7.0 (seven) seasons. After control, the numbers of predominant rodents, Tatera indica, Meriones hurrianae and Rattus meltada. were significantly reduced and the residual population was composed of Mus booduga. Gerbillus spp., Rattus gleadowi. Golunda ellioti and Funambulus pennanti.

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Rice As A Trap Crop For The Rice Field Rat In Malaysia, Y. M. Lam Mar 1988

Rice As A Trap Crop For The Rice Field Rat In Malaysia, Y. M. Lam

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The potential of rice as a trap crop for the rice field rat, Rattus argentiventer. was clearly illustrated by the studies conducted in 60.7 ha of newly rehabilitated rice land in Pcrmatang Pauh and in the MARDI Research Centre's rice fields in Bumbong Lima. The rice crop was very attractive to the rats, especially at the reproductive phase. The combina¬tion of a physical barrier and traps was very effective in exploiting rice as a trap crop for rice field rats. The trapping patterns indicated a massive influx of rats from the surroundings for a period of three weeks in Permatang …

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Introduced Animals In Hawaii's Natural Areas, Charles P. Stone, Stephen J. Anderson Mar 1988

Introduced Animals In Hawaii's Natural Areas, Charles P. Stone, Stephen J. Anderson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The Hawaiian islands provide superlative examples of biological evolution and are perhaps the best sites in the world for biological invasions. Introduced invertebrates such as the Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) and the western yellowjacket wasp (Paravespula pensvlvanica) reduce native insects and plant pollinators and may have been a factor in native bird declines. Management of invertebrates in localized areas through use of chemicals such as Tahara and diazinon is being attempted. Research on the long term effects of alien birds on native ecosystems is under way, but management currently is restricted to preservation of intact and large areas of native …

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Health Risks To Humans And Domestic Livestock Posed By Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) In North Queensland, Peter M. Pavlov Mar 1988

Health Risks To Humans And Domestic Livestock Posed By Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) In North Queensland, Peter M. Pavlov

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A sample of 608 adult pigs from Cape York and adjacent islands was examined for parasites and their serum tested for livestock diseases associated with the Queensland tropics. Feral pigs from North Queensland pose a significant health threat to humans with the incidence of Spargana (the plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei) through the consumption of undercooked pork. Meliodosis (Pseudomonas pseudomalleO. Leptospirosis (L. yar. pomona). and Brucellosis (Brucella suis) are capable of infecting humans directly during unhygienic butchering of infected carcasses. In North Queensland, the widespread intermingled distribution of feral pigs and cattle increases the potential for the transmission of Actinobacillus, Leptospirosis, …

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Predator Odors And Their Potential Role In Managing Pest Rodents And Rabbits, Thomas P. Sullivan, Druscilla S. Sullivan, Douglas R. Crump, Hal Weiser, Elisabeth A. Dixon Mar 1988

Predator Odors And Their Potential Role In Managing Pest Rodents And Rabbits, Thomas P. Sullivan, Druscilla S. Sullivan, Douglas R. Crump, Hal Weiser, Elisabeth A. Dixon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). several species of voles (Microtus spp.), the northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoidest. and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) cause serious damage to forest plantations and stands (and voles and pocket gophers in tree fruit orchards) by their feeding activities. Certain synthetic predator odors are reviewed which have produced significant avoidance responses in these pest species and reduced damage to crop trees on an experimental basis. In addition, the specific study reported in this paper was designed to assess the influence of predator odors on population density and survival of montane vole (M. montanus) populations in …

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A Two Year Study Of The Physical And Economic Impact Of Voles (Microtus Montanus) On Mixed Maturity Apple (Malus Spp.) Orchards In The Pacific Northwestern United States, Leonard R. Askham Mar 1988

A Two Year Study Of The Physical And Economic Impact Of Voles (Microtus Montanus) On Mixed Maturity Apple (Malus Spp.) Orchards In The Pacific Northwestern United States, Leonard R. Askham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The physical impact of voles in agriculture and forestry has been duly noted by many researchers around the world. The economic impact of the various species, however, has not received much attention other than to note that losses from these animals can be substantial when population levels become high. This study assesses the economic impact of an extremely high population of Microtus montanus (mountain voles) in a large apple (Malus sp.) orchard in northcentral Washington State (U.S.A.) over a two-year period. In this study, 200 trees were harvested, weighed, graded, and compared by the amount of visual damage that could …

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A Field Method For Assessing The Palatability Of Rodenticidal Baits, A. P. Buckle, D. E. Kaukeinen Mar 1988

A Field Method For Assessing The Palatability Of Rodenticidal Baits, A. P. Buckle, D. E. Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Assessments of the palatability of rodenticide baits are usually conducted in the laboratory but little is known of the value of such tests as determinants of the potential performance of formulations in the field. Field bait acceptance tests conducted earlier were either unduly time-consuming or failed to take account of aspects of rodent behavior in relation to baiting regimes which make the interpretation of results difficult. This paper describes a novel, cost effective technique for assessing the palatability of baits in the field and the use of the new method to compare the acceptance of three commercial formulations, containing either …

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Effects Of Implementing Epa's Endangered Species Protection Program On National Forest System Lands, Shelley Witt, Glen Contreras, Max M. Ollieu Mar 1988

Effects Of Implementing Epa's Endangered Species Protection Program On National Forest System Lands, Shelley Witt, Glen Contreras, Max M. Ollieu

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated an effort to comply more fully with the Endangered Species Act. This effort became their "Endangered Species Protection Program." The possibility of such a program was forecast in 1982 when Donald A. Spencer gave a presentation to the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference on "Vertebrate Pest Management and Changing Times." This paper focuses on current plans for implementing the EPA's Endangered Species Protection Program as it relates to the USDA Forest Service. It analyzes the potential effects this program will have on the agency, using the pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.), strychnine, and …

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Rodenticide Residues In Animal Carcasses And Their Relevance To Secondary Hazards, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh Mar 1988

Rodenticide Residues In Animal Carcasses And Their Relevance To Secondary Hazards, C. Raymond Record, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Some complexities and limitations of using carcass residue data to determine secondary hazard to nontarget species are discussed. The roles of chemical and toxicological properties of the rodenticide such as metabolism, excretion, organs of retention, site of absorption and latent period in secondary hazard are reviewed and examples given. The possible effects of bait composition and application methods, the behavioral response of the nontarget species, and local environmental factors upon secondary hazard are outlined.

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Determination Of The Environmental Fate Of Ground Squirrel Carcasses, Daniel Sullivan Mar 1988

Determination Of The Environmental Fate Of Ground Squirrel Carcasses, Daniel Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A field study was conducted in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, during the summer of 1986 to determine the fate of Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) carcasses in the environment. Ground squirrel carcasses were marked with radio transmitters and placed in situations and locations similar to those found in actual rodent control operations. Carcasses were monitored until their fate was determined or until they were no longer considered attractive to scavengers. Red fox (Vulpes fulva) was the primary scavenger in this study. Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and birds (corvids and/or raptors) were the other mammalian and avian scavengers identified. Carrion-eating …

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The Operation Of Coordinated Rabbit Control Organizations In England And Wales, I. G. Mckillop Mar 1988

The Operation Of Coordinated Rabbit Control Organizations In England And Wales, I. G. Mckillop

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Rabbit control organizations in England and Wales were studied between 1978 and 1982. A national survey of existing organizations showed that there were 2 types (societies and groups) and that they jointly covered only 2% of farmers and 1.5% of agricultural land. Three societies were studied for 3 years and were found to be underfunded and increasingly unable to provide coordinated control on adjoining properties. Farmers are provided with recommendations on how to run coordinated rabbit control organizations.

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Breeding Birches For Resistance To Rodent And Hare Damage , Matti Rousi, Jorma Tahvan Ainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Ulrika Kurten Mar 1988

Breeding Birches For Resistance To Rodent And Hare Damage , Matti Rousi, Jorma Tahvan Ainen, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Ulrika Kurten

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Rodents and hares are very harmful pests in forest plantations in the Holarctic zone. No effective way to control damages by these pests is known. There is large variation in resistance of different birch species, origins and families. The resistance does not seem to be correlated to growth of seedlings, thus the prospects for resistance breeding are considered good. There seem to be large variation even within birch families which can partly be explained by morphological differences between seedlings. Also the nursery treatment seems to determine the palatability of seedlings to herbivores. Ways to produce resistant genotypes for the use …

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Recent Approaches To Controlling Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa) In Pacific Northwest Forests, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans Mar 1988

Recent Approaches To Controlling Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa) In Pacific Northwest Forests, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Biologists of the Denver Wildlife Research Center are currently investigating ways of managing mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) populations and are developing methods for alleviating mountain beaver damage to conifer trees being grown for timber in the Pacific Northwest. Studies initiated in 1986 indicated that aversive conditioning with Big Game Repellent Powder (BGR-P) dusted on cull Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings placed in burrows significantly reduced mountain beaver damage to planted seedlings treated with BGR-P and to untreated seedlings. Trials also showed that strychnine-sword fern (Polvstichum munitum) baits prepared with a 4.9% (active) strychnine paste concentrate (SLN Reg. No. ID-870003) are very …

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Recognizing Black Bear Damage To Second Growth Redwoods, Gregory A. Giusti Mar 1988

Recognizing Black Bear Damage To Second Growth Redwoods, Gregory A. Giusti

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Black bears, Ursus americanus, have been known to cause severe damage to second-growth redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). The damage is seasonal and is often associated with logging roads, skid trails or other openings in the forest. Signs of damage are characteristic and cannot easily be confused with other species of wildlife that damage redwoods.

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Problems Associated With Beaver In Stream Or Floodway Management, Wendy S. Fitzgerald, Ronald A. Thompson Mar 1988

Problems Associated With Beaver In Stream Or Floodway Management, Wendy S. Fitzgerald, Ronald A. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In California, beaver (Castor canadensis) were first recognized for their value as a furbearer. Additionally, in many areas, beaver are considered desirable if not essential components of stream and wetland ecosystems. Where beaver and human activity overlap, beaver have become nuisance animals causing direct damage through dam building, flooding, bank denning, and loss of agricultural crops. Other problems such as the threat of levee failure and subsequent flooding, increases in undesirable brush growth due to a raised water table, restricted access due to flooding, and an increased mosquito population resulted in the Department of Water Resources (DWR) developing a beaver …

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Terrestrial Mammalian Pests In Argentina—An Overview, John E. Jackson Mar 1988

Terrestrial Mammalian Pests In Argentina—An Overview, John E. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

In Argentina, 41 of the country's 300 native or introduced land mammals are legally considered as pests: 31 are indigenous and 10 exotic. The types of problems arising are described and the principal species causing them are reviewed. Although inflicting damage, several wild animals are also valuable for commercial hunting enterprises.

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Badgers (Taxidea Taxus) As Occasional Pests In Agriculture, Steven C. Minta, Rex E. Marsh Mar 1988

Badgers (Taxidea Taxus) As Occasional Pests In Agriculture, Steven C. Minta, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The badger (Taxidea taxus). because of its strong propensity for digging, is considered North America's fossorial carnivore, feeding mostly on ground squirrels, pocket gophers, and mice throughout much of the western and midwestern continent. Badger excavations, primarily in search of food, produce mounds and deep holes which can damage alfalfa and other crops and damage farm equipment and water systems. Depredations include poultry, waterfowl, and eggs. Overall, the badger is considered a relatively minor vertebrate pest. As a furbearer it is considered a renewable natural resource. Most local pest problems are currently reduced through leghold trapping and shooting. Habitat modification …

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Large Livestock Protection Collars Effective Against Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy Connolly, Peter J. Savarie Mar 1988

Large Livestock Protection Collars Effective Against Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy Connolly, Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A small (30-ml 1080 solution) livestock protection (LP) collar has been registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help control coyote (Canis latrans) predation on sheep and goats. However, the small collar does not adequately cover the throats of large livestock. We pen tested large (60-ml 1080 solution) LP collars on large sheep for effectiveness against coyotes and determined sodium fluoroacetate (FAC) residues in coyotes and sheep to estimate nontarget hazards. The large collar was effective. In 5 tests, all 5 collars were punctured and all attacking coyotes died. Time to death averaged 2.5 h. Coyotes received more …

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M-44 Sodium Cyanide Ejectors In The Animal Damage Control Program, 1976-1986, Guy Connolly Mar 1988

M-44 Sodium Cyanide Ejectors In The Animal Damage Control Program, 1976-1986, Guy Connolly

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

This paper summarizes Animal Damage Control (ADC) program records relating to M-44 use during Fiscal Years 1976-86. During these years, M-44s were used in 14 western states to take 103,255 animals, including 92,843 coyotes, 5,544 other target canids, and 4,868 nontarget animals. More animals were taken in Texas than in all other states combined. Program-wide during FY1977-81, M-44 effort averaged approximately 5,600 unit years annually and 1.2 target animals were recovered per M-44 year.

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Field Evaluation Of Padded Jaw Coyote Traps: Effectiveness And Foot Injury, Samuel B. Linhart, F. Sherman Blom, Gary J. Dasch, Richard M. Engeman, Glenn H. Olsen Mar 1988

Field Evaluation Of Padded Jaw Coyote Traps: Effectiveness And Foot Injury, Samuel B. Linhart, F. Sherman Blom, Gary J. Dasch, Richard M. Engeman, Glenn H. Olsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A field study of unpadded and padded foothold coyote traps was undertaken in six western states in 1986-1987. Tests were designed to determine the capture efficiency and extent of foot injury caused by different trap modifications. Results were similar to an earlier study undertaken in 1984-85 that showed padded traps reduced foot injury but captured and held fewer animals than did unpadded traps. Both studies showed that unpadded long-spring traps used operationally by Federal Animal Damage Control specialists were the most effective (75-78% capture rate) but caused more foot injury. Padded long-spring traps were intermediate in efficacy (52-57%) and foot …

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Predators And Sheep Management Practices In Sonoma County, California, Stephanie Larson, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1988

Predators And Sheep Management Practices In Sonoma County, California, Stephanie Larson, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Over the last twenty-five years, sheep numbers have been declining in Sonoma and Marin Counties at the same time the number of predators has increased. With the removal of most chemical control methods, livestock producers have had to turn to other methods of preventing livestock losses. The objective of this project was to survey livestock producers to determine the levels of predation, type of predator involved, and the management methods being used to reduce these losses. This information is essential to develop a sound extension program to help livestock producers better deal with the predator problem.

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Development And Testing Of The Coyote Lure Operative Device, Daniel B. Fagre, Steven M. Ebbert Mar 1988

Development And Testing Of The Coyote Lure Operative Device, Daniel B. Fagre, Steven M. Ebbert

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

A new device for orally delivering substances to coyotes (Canis latrans) has been under development for approximately 10 years. The development of the coyote lure operative device (CLOD) is described along with some recent field evaluations of the CLOD system. In general, the results of these field tests indicate that the CLOD shows potential and merits further development.

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