Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Economic Impact And Control Of Wading Birds At Arkansas Minnow Ponds, Michael D. Hoy, Jeffrey W. Jones, Albert E. Bivings

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Esophageal/stomach contents of 172 little blue herons (Egretta caerulea), great egrets (Casmerodius albus), snowy egrets (Egretta thula), and great blue herons (Ardea herodias) were analyzed to estimate their consumption of golden shiners. Mean and maximum number of golden shiners consumed/bird, as well as the mean total length of golden shiners consumed by each wading bird species was determined. Loss estimates varied by wading bird species and ranged from $0.10 - $1.12/bird/feeding. Loss estimates reflect the severity of problems with wading birds on minnow ponds and the need to reduce losses by use …

Wildlife Disease Concerns In Animal Damage Control, Sarah Shapiro Hurley

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

There are many facets to the topic of wildlife disease concerns in animal damage control, but the area that I have chosen to discuss is that of zoonotic disease - diseases which are transmissible in nature between humans and other animals. The list of zoonoses is extensive and in the time available only a few can be reviewed.

Gopher: A Computerized Cost/Benefit Analysis, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Ronald M. Case

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

GOPHER is a computer program that can assist landowners, extension agents, and resource personnel in determining the cost-effectiveness of various methods of pocket gopher control. The program is interactive and user-friendly. It allows for the input of variables, including: crop type, acreage, expected yield and value, and acreage infested. Material and labor costs can be assigned or standard default values can be used. Other "fixed" variables can be changed, including: pocket gopher density and rate of increase, rate of treatment, rate of retreatment, and forage recovery rate. With these variables and values, GOPHER generates the costs, time, and economic feasibility …

Factors Affecting Deer Use Of Hybrid Corn In Winter, David K. Ingebrigtsen, Jay B. Mcaninch

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

We compared white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of 15 field corn (Zea mays) hybrids grown in food plots near 3 deer wintering areas in southwestern Minnesota, 1987-88. Physical and morphological characteristics of corn varied significantly among sites, subplots and among hybrids. Deer use of hybrids was significantly different and 5 use groups of hybrids were identified. A significant linear relationship was found between use and ear height. Hybrids with higher ears and less husk coverage were preferred by deer. These findings suggest that deer preferences for corn hybrids are affected more by deer pressure, ear height …

Epa Update On Vertebrate Pesticides, William W. Jacobs

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates pesticides under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Vertebrate pesticides are subsumed under the heading "rodenticides” and, under FIFRA, are regulated similarly to other pesticides.

Since its enactment in 1947, FIFRA has been amended many times (e.g., in 1959, 1964, 1972, 1978, and 1988.) These amendments generally have required progressively greater documentation of the effects of pesticides upon man, other nontarget species, and the environment prior to the issuance of full federal registration under Section 3 of FIFRA.

Florida's Nuisance Alligator Control Program, Michael L. Jennings, Allan R. Woodward, Dennis N. David

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

The recovery of alligators from centuries of exploitation, coupled with a burgeoning human population in Florida has resulted in an increasing number of problem animals and alligator attacks. In response to this problem, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission implemented a nuisance alligator control program in 1978. A mean of 2513 nuisance alligators per year was harvested during the period 1978 to 1988. The number of alligator complaints, nuisance alligators harvested, and alligator attacks increased significantly over the period (P=0.0003, P=0.0001, and P=0.04). The value of alligator meat remained stable at about $5.00/pound over the same period, while …

Participants

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

List of participants

An Investigation Of Animal Damage Associated With Maple Syrup Production, J. Allan May, Dennis Slate

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

An increase in the use of plastic tubing systems to collect sap from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) has allowed syrup producers to boost production in recent years, but not without cost. Rodents gnawing on tubing, spouts, and fittings may cause damage in excess of $300,000 annually in Vermont, the largest maple producing state. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and chipmunks (Tamias striatus) appear to be responsible for the majority of damage. Other species including flying squirrels (Glaucomvs sabrinus) , white-footed mice (Peromvscus leucopus), porcupines ( …

Population Dynamics And Management Of Deer In Wisconsin, Keith R. Mccaffery

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Management of deer in Wisconsin is affected by a combination of biological and environmental factors. In the Northern Forest, winter severity dramatically affects annual survival and recruitment. However, deer density goals here are above "I" carrying capacity. Thus, minor errors in harvest management are in part compensated by herd responses. Deer in the farmland areas of the state are maintained at goals that for the most part are below "I" carrying capacity. Errors in harvest management are magnified in farmland because herd responses are not compensatory. Therefore, the harvest quotas for antlerless deer must be more precise in our farmland …

Population Dynamics And Harvest Response Of Beaver, Neil F. Payne

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

"For when we speak of the fur trade, we mean the beaver trade. Other furs were handled; others — notably the rich sea otter — were more valuable by far. But the beaver was the root and core of the trade ... Many men died, a continent was explored, an indigenous [human] race degraded and its culture crushed; all because beaver fur, with its tiny barbs, felted up better than any other" (Berry 1961:18).

The habits of beaver (Castor canadensis) allow them to be located and trapped readily, resulting in their extirpation from many areas. Beaver populations have …

Animal Damage Control And The Wildlife Profession, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Conflicts between man and wildlife have always been a part of our history. We have tried to control the damage caused by wildlife and found that this was not always in the best interest of the resource. The role of animal damage control in our profession has changed and so has the public's view of it. As professionals we must strive to explain the need and value of wildlife damage management to our peers, the public and our detractors. This can be accomplished by participation in our professional organizations, the presentation of papers at scientific meetings, and open discussion of …

Extent And Nature Of Deer Damage To Commercial Nurseries In New York, Roger W. Sayre, Daniel J. Decker

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

We surveyed nursery producers in New York to determine the extent, nature and economic impact of deer damage to their operations, and to assess their attitudes towards deer. Seventy-three percent of the producers experienced deer damage to their crops in 1988. Average costs for replacement were nearly $6,000 per grower for those reporting damage estimates (and over $8,000 if 1 extreme value was included). Statewide damage estimates ranged from $500,000 to $1.2 million (depending on assumptions). Forty-six percent used damage control, which cost an average of about $2,000 per grower. More than 80% of the producers were classified as "non-accepting" …

Fertility Control As A Tool For Regulation Of Wildlife Populations, U.S. Seal

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Biological control of reproduction and fertility is a normal part of the life history of all organisms. Control mechanisms allow timing of reproduction with respect to age, time of day, season, and other periodic environmental events. Further modulation can occur with variations in temperature, rainfall, nutrition, and health status. Interactions with other members of the species, ranging from pherohormonal stimulation of estrus to social delay of puberty and breeding to infanticide, provide further constraints upon fertility and recruitment. All of these processes ultimately act through molecular neuroendocrine mechanisms that are under genetic control and are subject to natural selection and …

Survey Of Mississippi Catfish Farmers On Means, Effort, And Costs To Repel Fish-Eating Birds From Ponds, A.R. Stickley, K.J. Andrews

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Eighty-seven percent of 281 Mississippi catfish farmers felt that fish-eating birds were enough of a problem to warrant harassment. Fanners estimated that they spent an average of 2.6 man-hours per day harassing birds at an average annual cost of $7400. Sixty percent of the farmers who harassed birds did so by driving around the ponds and firing at birds to repel them. Propane exploders and pyrotechnics were also used. Pyrotechnics were judged the most effective repellent technique. The cost of bird harassment according to these farmers is $2.1 million. The value of fish loss to cormorants alone is roughly estimated …

Coyote Depredation Control In New York - An Integrated Approach, Thomas N. Tomsa, James E. Forbes

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

The New York State Cooperative Coyote Damage Control Program was established in late 1986 through a cooperative agreement between the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) and USDA/ APHIS/ ADC in response to escalating complaints of coyote (Canis latrans) depredations on sheep from 1980-85. Ten counties with histories of and/or potential for coyote/livestock conflicts were identified and targeted for publicity and primary program emphasis. Program staff received 58 reports of coyote depredations on 182 sheep from 32 producers in the ten target counties and seven outlying counties from May 1987 through May 1989/ and verified 46 complaints …

Demonstration Electric Fences To Control Black Bear Damage To Apiaries In New York State, Janet L. Sillings, Thomas N. Tomas Jr., James E. Forbes

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

The New York State black bear (Ursus americanus) population/ approximately 4,000 animals (Clarke 1977)/ causes damage to apiaries in the Catskill/ Adirondack/ and Southern Tier regions of the state. During 1987/ 1988/ and 1989, USDA Animal Damage Control (ADC) administered a program in New York to control bear damage to apiaries. Control activities were carried out pursuant to a Cooperative Agreement between ADC and the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets/ and were supported by matching Federal- State contributions. Program objectives were beekeeper education aimed at preventing bear damage and for the construction of demonstration temporary electric fences. …

Black Bear Damage In Virginia, Michael R. Vaughan, Patrick F. Scanlon, Sue Evelyn P. Mersmann, Dennis D. Martin

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

We examined records of black bear damage in Virginia on Shenandoah National Park, (SNP) (1979-1988) and non-Park lands (1973-1988). Mean annual damage was $5,470 on non-Park lands and $1,217 on the Park. Corn and beehives accounted for 79 percent and personal property for 72 percent of the economic loss on non-Park and Park lands respectively. Young males were responsible for most damage on non-Park lands while adults of both sexes caused most damage on SNP. Over 70 percent of bear damage incidents in the state occurred either on the Park or on land immediately adjacent to the Park. Moving bears …

Use Of Donkeys To Guard Sheep And Goats In Texas, Murray T. Walton, C. Andy Feild

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Though livestock guarding dogs have received considerable attention in recent years, other animals including donkeys (Equus asinus) are being used to protect sheep and goats from predation by coyotes (Canis latrans). In Texas many ranchers prefer donkeys due to low cost, relatively small maintenance requirements, and compatibility with other predator control methods. This paper describes husbandry practices for use of guard donkeys and relates rancher accounts of their effectiveness in protecting sheep and goats.

Elk And Crop Damage In Pennsylvania, Gary W. Witmer, Rawland Cogan

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

The native eastern subspecies of elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) was once widespread in Pennsylvania, but was extirpated from the state by 1880 (Bryant and Maser, 1982). About 177 Rocky Mountain elk (C.e. nelsoni) were re-introduced to the state between 1913 and 1926 (Sassaman, 1985). The herd increased as did crop damage complaints. Hunting seasons began in 1923 and continued until 1931. No further hunting was allowed because the herd had declined steadily. A small herd persisted in North-central Pennsylvania, in Elk and Cameron Counties. Elk sightings were rare by 1948, despite 17 years of closed hunting …

Farmland Habitat Use By Wild Turkeys In Wisconsin, R.G. Wright, R.N. Paisley, J.F. Kubisiak

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

Habitat use and food habits of wild turkeys (Meleagris pallopavo) were studied during summer 1988-89 in southwestern Wisconsin in order to address growing concerns that turkeys cause considerable crop damage. Intensive telemetric monitoring in 1988 suggested that turkeys used crop fields (corn-alfalfa-oats) at a low rate compared to forest types. Brooded hens used forest habitats less and field habitats more than broodless hens and gobblers. Brooded hens appeared to use forest and crop field habitats less and non-crop fields (pasture and idle) more than expected. Broodless hens and gobblers appeared to use forest types and non-crop fields more …

Controlling Roosting Starlings In Industrial Facilities By Baiting, Bernice U. Constantin, James F. Glahn

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 4th (1989)

During the winters of 1987-88 and 1988-89 a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of DRC-1339 baiting for controlling roosting European Starlings (Sturnus vulgarus) at Tennessee Eastman Company's chemical manufacturing plant in Kingsport, Tennessee. In 1987-88 Starlicide Complete® (1 %, DRC-1339 treated poultry pellets diluted 1:9 with untreated poultry pellets) was used in pre-roosting congregating areas adjacent to the roost. In 1988-89 Starlicide Complete® and DRC-1339 treated bread were used in bait containers placed in the roosting structure. Although 90 lbs of Starlicide Complete® was consumed during 1987-88, bait consumption was sporadic and no appreciable change in …

A Colorado River Basin Authority: Opportunity For Sharing River Basin Management And Resources, David H. Getches

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

32 pages.

Contains references.

The Northwest Power Planning Council: A Model For Cooperative Planning In The Missouri Basin?, Gerald Mueller

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

16 pages.

Contains references.

Within The Hundredth Meridian: Western States And Their River Basins In A Time Of Transition, John M. Volkman, Kai N. Lee

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

29 pages.

Contains footnotes.

The Delaware River Basin: Courts, Compacts And Commissions, R. Timothy Weston

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

112 pages (includes illustrations and 1 map).

Contains references.

Coordinated Water Management In A Basin With Erratic Surface Supplies: The Law North And South Of The Pecos, Charles T. Dumars

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

11 pages.

Contains references.

State Resource Sovereignty In A Post-Sporhase World: The Hueco Bolson, A. Dan Tarlock

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

30 pages.

Contains references.

The Missouri: River Of Promise Or River Of Peril?, John E. Thorson

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

14 pages (includes 1 map).

Contains references.

Montana’S Response To Interjurisdictional Marketing Challenges, Deborah Beaumont Schmidt

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

20 pages.

Contains references.

Interjurisdictional Relations Under Federal Water Quality Law: A Guide Through The Maze, Michael C. Blumm, Daniel Rohlf

Boundaries and Water: Allocation and Use of a Shared Resource (Summer Conference, June 5-7)

53 pages.

Contains references.