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Articles 6061 - 6090 of 7823

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

The Need And Difficulty Of Bringing The Pennsylvania Deer Herd Under Control, Gary W. Witmer, David S. Decalesta Feb 1991

The Need And Difficulty Of Bringing The Pennsylvania Deer Herd Under Control, Gary W. Witmer, David S. Decalesta

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

The Pennsylvania white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)herd has increased dramatically in the last several years despite greatly increased harvests. The high statewide deer density (11+ deer/kmz) causes serious losses to agricultural production, forest regeneration, and diversity of forest flora and fauna. High deer numbers are associated with an exceptional number of vehicle-deer accidents, and is implicated in the rapid increase in the incidence of Lyme disease in humans. Countless efforts to reduce deer densities locally and statewide (extended antlerless harvest seasons and special farm hunts) are not solving the damage problem. Other solutions should be considered, such as increasing …

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Status Of Coyotes And Coyote Depredations In Pennsylvania, Gary W. Witmer, Arnold Hayden Feb 1991

Status Of Coyotes And Coyote Depredations In Pennsylvania, Gary W. Witmer, Arnold Hayden

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

The coyote (Canis latrans) population in Pennsylvania has grown in the last several decades to about4,000. It continues to grow, despite a known annual harvest of more than 850 animals. There is a growing concern about the effects of coyotes on game and livestock populations. We discuss known and potential coyote-human conflicts in Pennsylvania and propose a program of depredation prevention and control. To be successful, the program requires cooperation, funding, research, educational materials, and training workshops.

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Agricultural Producers' Estimates Of Wildlife Causing Damage Eastern States, Alice P. Wywialowski, Robert H. Beach Feb 1991

Agricultural Producers' Estimates Of Wildlife Causing Damage Eastern States, Alice P. Wywialowski, Robert H. Beach

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)


The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and National Agricultural Statistics Service (MASS) conducted a nationwide survey of agricultural producers to determine what proportion of producers were sustaining losses caused by wildlife and which wildlife species were believed to be responsible for the damage. The survey was conducted in August 1989 for the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC). Results are based on useable responses received from 5,085 farmers in the eastern United States. The results presented here may differ from a previous press release by NASS because losses and animals causing losses were determined …

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Citizen Task Force On Deer Management, Mike Hall Feb 1991

Citizen Task Force On Deer Management, Mike Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

In spring 1990, as part of an intensified effort to involve the public in wildlife management decisions, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) implemented a new public input program. Citizen task forces were organized in 15 deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management units (DMUs) across the state. The task force purpose was to choose a desired deer population level for their particular DMU.

DEC and CCE designed task forces to include a broad range of interests, in order to balance the viewpoints of various groups affected by deer. CCE agents and DEC …

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Wildlife Damage Education And College Curricula, James Caslick Feb 1991

Wildlife Damage Education And College Curricula, James Caslick

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

University students, particularly those enrolled in natural resources programs, make up one of the smallest, yet potentially most important and influential audiences for wildlife damage professionals. Considering that these students will be tomorrow's natural resources technicians, biologists, and administrators, I feel that it is critical that we provide them factual information about wildlife damage to increase their awareness of potential problems and solutions, and increase their ability to make well-informed decisions.

An important aspect of education is accurate audience identification and association. This is not an easy task, however, as today's audience is collectively a moving target. Once primarily rural …

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Perceptions And Realities: When Does 2 + 2 = 5?, Robert M. Timm Feb 1991

Perceptions And Realities: When Does 2 + 2 = 5?, Robert M. Timm

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

The theme of this conference, "Human and Wildlife Interactions: Public Perceptions and Management Realities," suggests to me that the reality of what wildlife managers do is often affected by the public's perception of the problem. In considering animal damage, there's the question of which solutions the public fords appropriate and acceptable. Attitudes and perceptions nowadays, whether correct or based on misinformation, are often translated into policy and law. "Management realities"- why can't we just go ahead and solve the problem the way we want to? After all, we're the scientists and wildlife managers; we know the problem better than anyone. …

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Interactions Between People And Wildlife In Urbanizing Landscapes, John Hadidian Feb 1991

Interactions Between People And Wildlife In Urbanizing Landscapes, John Hadidian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

In little more than 100 years, America has been transformed from a rural to an urban society in which 8 out of every 10 people live in cities or associated metropolitan areas. This change has affected the way that people interact with wildlife and has introduced new and unique situations in which human-wildlife conflicts arise and must be dealt with. Most urban wildlife problems occur in and around primary residences or nodes (e.g., airports, golf courses, lake fronts) and involve only a few species. This relationship may change as urban landscapes mature or expand through restoration efforts, or as more …

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Wildlife Damage Management: Policy And Professional Considerations, Harry E. Hodgdon Feb 1991

Wildlife Damage Management: Policy And Professional Considerations, Harry E. Hodgdon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

I am honored by the opportunity to be part of this conference and to participate with such a distinguished panel this morning.

Today I have been asked to address policy and professional considerations as they relate to wildlife damage management. As an advocate of professional wildlife management, I will share with you some of the problems and issues that confront, frustrate, and confound us; some sense of the problems that lie ahead; and some thoughts on what we need to do to ensure the wildlife profession remains relevant in the future.

The Wildlife Society endorses the management of wildlife to …

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Wildlife Damage Education At Auburn University, Nicholas R. Holler Feb 1991

Wildlife Damage Education At Auburn University, Nicholas R. Holler

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Wildlife Damage Control is offered as a 3-hour course during winter quarter in alternate years at Auburn University. This course is taught simultaneously at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage (R. Timm, ed.) 1983. Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln) is the course text, but numerous outside readings are provided on specific topic areas. Graduate students are given additional required reading material, must complete a term paper, and are given examinations requiring greater synthesis of ideas than do those administered to undergraduates. An optional weekend field trip, arranged in cooperation with United States Department …

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Effects Of Chronological Deer Damage On Corn Yields, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jan R. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Nancy S. Foster, Susan B. Lembezeder, Dale J. Hafer Feb 1991

Effects Of Chronological Deer Damage On Corn Yields, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jan R. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Nancy S. Foster, Susan B. Lembezeder, Dale J. Hafer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

To examine the relationship between the timing of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage and subsequent yields of field corn, we conducted 2 studies in 2 cornfields in eastern Nebraska during 1989 and 1991.

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New York State Department Of Environmental Conservation, Robert A. Inslerman Feb 1991

New York State Department Of Environmental Conservation, Robert A. Inslerman

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

In 1990, the Legislature passed a bill that would have allowed year-round hunting of coyotes (Canis latrans) in New York's Northern Zone, as opposed to the current system of open and closed hunting seasons established annually by Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) regulation. The bill generated such controversy that it was withdrawn pending a study by DEC. The objectives of the study were to: (1) assess the role of the coyote in northern New York in relation to people, wildlife, and livestock; (2) provide adequate opportunity for citizens to express their opinions concerning coyotes; and (3) prepare a …

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United Conservation Alliance, Laurence R. Jahn Feb 1991

United Conservation Alliance, Laurence R. Jahn

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

We gather here and reflect on successes in wildlife conservation, restoration, and management; and make plans for more beneficial actions. Significant achievements have been madein public education and wildlife management, as shown by increases in some wildlife populations. But a continuing pressing challenge involves responding to some wildlife population declines, as well as wildlife damage and nuisance situations, as the human population increases and dominates the landscape.

As you well know, management successes involve imagination and dedication of people, such as those gathered here. Your efforts play an important role in helping to manage wildlife, and provide associated outdoor recreational …

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Effectiveness Of A Vertical 3-Wire Electric Fence Modified With Attractants Or Repellents As A Deer Exclosure, Don M. Jordan Jr., Milo E. Richmond Feb 1991

Effectiveness Of A Vertical 3-Wire Electric Fence Modified With Attractants Or Repellents As A Deer Exclosure, Don M. Jordan Jr., Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

We conducted experiments with behavioral conditioning of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using verb 3-wire, electrified fencing modified with either an attractant or a repellent in order to test the idea that an attractant or repellent coupled with an electric shock, would be a more effective deterrent than a random shock or no shock at all. Exclosures measuring 6 x 6 m with 3 wires at heights of 50, 100, and 150 cm were established at 2 study sites in Tompkins County, New York. Each site contained 4 exclosures which were either nonelectrified (control), electrified, electrified with an attractant, …

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Strategies To Control Rodent Damage In Sugar Bushes: An Update, Alan May, John Austin, Dennis Slate Feb 1991

Strategies To Control Rodent Damage In Sugar Bushes: An Update, Alan May, John Austin, Dennis Slate

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Efficacy trials using zinc phosphide (ZP) steam-rolled oats (2% a.i., EPA Reg. No. 56228-5), and cholecalciferol mixed (CHOL) grain bait (.075% a.i., EPA Reg. No. 12455-57), were conducted during summer 1990 to compare their effectiveness in controlling rodent damage to plastic tubing systems used to collect sap from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) in Vermont. A 24(c) Special Local Needs registration for ZP to control rodent damage has existed in Vermont since the 1960s. However, no formal efficacy trials have been conducted for this specific use of ZP, and the previous supplemental label did not include instructions for prebaiting …

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Wildlife Damage Education At West Virginia University, Edwin D. Michael Feb 1991

Wildlife Damage Education At West Virginia University, Edwin D. Michael

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

West Virginia University has offered a formal wildlife damage course in each of the last 2 years (1990 and 1991). Prior to offering the formal course in 1990, the topic of wildlife damage was presented as one section of 2 different courses: Introduction to Wildlife Management (for nonwildlife majors), and Principles of Wildlife Management (a senior-level course required for wildlife majors).

The current wildlife damage course involves 2 1-hour lectures per week and students receive 2 semester credit hours upon completion. Two class periods per semester are devoted to field exercises, involving demonstration of damage control equipment and investigation of …

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Incorporating Wildlife Damage Control Into A University Wildlife Management Curriculum, William G. Misner, Alex B. Coley Feb 1991

Incorporating Wildlife Damage Control Into A University Wildlife Management Curriculum, William G. Misner, Alex B. Coley

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Most university wildlife programs that do not include wildlife damage control course offerings probably lack those courses for 2 main reasons: (1) most professors in those wildlife programs likely did not have formal training in wildlife damage control in their own degree programs and therefore may not have developed the skills nor the interest to teach this subject; and (2) universities may lack funding to hire new personnel to teach wildlife damage control.

Wildlife damage control was integrated into an existing Wildlife Management Techniques course at The University of Tennessee, beginning in 1983. Teaching material and training were obtained primarily …

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An Evaluation Of Roost Dispersal For Reducing Cormorant Activity On Catfish Ponds, Donald F. Mott, Keith J. Andrews, Gary A. Littauer Feb 1991

An Evaluation Of Roost Dispersal For Reducing Cormorant Activity On Catfish Ponds, Donald F. Mott, Keith J. Andrews, Gary A. Littauer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Pyrotechnics and helicopter fly overs were used to harass double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at 4 roost sites in the Delta region of Mississippi. Roosting cormorants were easily dispersed from 3 of the 4 sites. Average numbers of cormorants observed at selected catfish (Ictaluridae) ponds and day roosts near foraging areas also declined after harassment began.

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Economics And Effectiveness Of Control Methods: Fact And Fiction, Rick D. Owens, Dennis Slate Feb 1991

Economics And Effectiveness Of Control Methods: Fact And Fiction, Rick D. Owens, Dennis Slate

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Wildlife damage management decisions are often incorrectly viewed as being predicated solely upon economic Although costs of wildlife damage and methods employed to reduce this damage are considerations in damage management decision-making, the selection and application of methods are also dependent upon environmental factors that include biologic physical, social, and legal influences. Professional decision-making involves an assessment of these factors on a case-by-case basis, to determine which methods and application strategies are environmentally cost-effective and therefore practical.

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The Quabbin Reservation White-Tailed Deer Impact Management Plan: A Case History, James A. Parkhurst, Robert W. O'Connor Feb 1991

The Quabbin Reservation White-Tailed Deer Impact Management Plan: A Case History, James A. Parkhurst, Robert W. O'Connor

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Quabbin Reservation, a 22,662-ha watershed management area located in west-central Massachusetts, is experiencing moderate to severe browsing pressure by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on much of the reservation's forested land. In many areas, park-like habitat exists where natural regeneration of the dominant mixed oak (Quercus spp. ) forest has been severely repressed, or outright eliminated, due to repetitive browsing by deer. Understory composition is now dominated by patches of blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), huckleberry (Gayl ussacia baccata), thick carpets of hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), and grasses. Managers are concerned that as the …

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Evaluation Of A New Deer Repellent On Japanese Yews At Suburban Homesteads, Roger W. Sayre, Milo E. Richmond Feb 1991

Evaluation Of A New Deer Repellent On Japanese Yews At Suburban Homesteads, Roger W. Sayre, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Jersey, an experimental deer repellent, was field tested against 2 commercial repellents on Japanese yews (Taxuscuspidata) near Ithaca, New York, during spring 1990. In Experiment 1, plots (nnn = 24) of 4 individually-potted yews were established, with 2 yews at each plot randomly treated with Jersey and 2 left as controls. Plots of 4 (1 x 4, n nn =12) and 16 (4 x 4, nnn = 2) plants were used in Experiment 2, with individual plants being treated with Jersey, Hinder”, or Big Game RepellentR (BGRR) or left as controls. Photographs with a …

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Training Tomorrow's Specialists In Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Schmidt, Michael R. Conover, Frederik F. Knowlton, Terry A. Messmer Feb 1991

Training Tomorrow's Specialists In Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Schmidt, Michael R. Conover, Frederik F. Knowlton, Terry A. Messmer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

In 1990, Utah State University (tJSLT) established a U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Damage Control (ADC)-funded center dedicated to research, education, and extension in wildlife damage management. USU's Progress in Wildlife Damage Management is designed to increase appreciation for wildlife damage management among wildlife professionals, provide superior training for future practitioners of wildlife damage management through education and innovative research, and create better pub understanding of the role of wildlife damage management in today's society.

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Tapping The Potential Of The Wildlife Rehabilitation Community For Public Education About Wildlife Damage Management, William F. Siemer, Tommy L. Brown, Patrick P. Martin, Randall D. Stumvoll Feb 1991

Tapping The Potential Of The Wildlife Rehabilitation Community For Public Education About Wildlife Damage Management, William F. Siemer, Tommy L. Brown, Patrick P. Martin, Randall D. Stumvoll

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Wildlife rehabilitators frequently interact with the public, but the extent and impact of their activities as public educators had never been well documented in New York State. In 1991 the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) sponsored a mail survey of all 430 rehabilitators in New York to address this information need. Rehabilitators showed high interest and involvement in public education, and they reached a large audience, suggesting that they may hold potential as contributors to public education concerning wildlife damage control. Realizing that potential offers an incentive for DEC to work more closely with rehabilitators to provide …

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Perceived Risks Of Deer-Related Vehicle Accidents: Influence On Deer Population Preferences Of The Residents Of Tompkins County, New York, Richard C. Stedman, Rebecca J. Stout, Barbara A. Knuth, Daniel J. Decker Feb 1991

Perceived Risks Of Deer-Related Vehicle Accidents: Influence On Deer Population Preferences Of The Residents Of Tompkins County, New York, Richard C. Stedman, Rebecca J. Stout, Barbara A. Knuth, Daniel J. Decker

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

High populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in much of the eastern United States have increased the probability of deer-related vehicle accidents (DRVAs). These accidents are very costly in terms of vehicle repair and have the potential for serious physical injury to motorists. DRVAs are increasing rapidly in suburban areas, where deer may also cause other types of damage (i.e., to gardens or ornamental shrubs). In these suburban areas, wildlife professionals have limited deer management options. We hypothesized that the peoples' perception of the potential risk posed by DRVAs interacts with the perceived benefits provided by deer, to …

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Agency And Stakeholder Evaluations Of Citizen Participation In Deer Management Decisions: Implications For Damage Control, Rebecca J. Stout, Daniel J. Decker, Barbara A. Knuth Feb 1991

Agency And Stakeholder Evaluations Of Citizen Participation In Deer Management Decisions: Implications For Damage Control, Rebecca J. Stout, Daniel J. Decker, Barbara A. Knuth

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

As in many states, wildlife managers and biologists in the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Wildlife (BOW) set white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population objectives in deer management units (DMUs). BOW has authority to regulate deer harvest through a deer management permit quota system. Decisions about regulating deer population levels have a direct impact on stakeholders concerned with the degree of damage to field and vegetable crops, orchards, nurseries, tree plantations, gardens, and ornamental shrubbery. Deer densities also affect economic and recreational benefits derived by other stakeholders. Developing management strategies that address these conflicting interests is a …

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Ecological Considerations In The Management Of Wildlife Damage , Robert K. Swihart Feb 1991

Ecological Considerations In The Management Of Wildlife Damage , Robert K. Swihart

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Strategies for managing wildlife damage may be divided into 3 broad categories: direct manipulation of populations, manipulation of behavioral or ecological traits of pest species, and manipulation of environmental features. For each of these categories, I review the importance of ecological considerations in determining the effectiveness of management strategies. Proper incorporation of ecological information is important to the success of management strategies in all 3 categories. I predict that future demands will increase for ecologically-based strategies that require minimal intervention, and for integration of management strategies that simultaneously address problems posed by both vertebrate and invertebrate pests. Several recent ecologically-based …

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Comparison Of Methods For Detecting Voles Under Apple Trees, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond, Richard M. Engeman Feb 1991

Comparison Of Methods For Detecting Voles Under Apple Trees, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond, Richard M. Engeman

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

We conducted a study in 2 heavily infested orchards in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York to evaluate methods for detecting the presence of meadow voles (MV, Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine voles (PV, M. pinetorum) under apple trees. We quantified several possible signs indicating the presence of voles in each of the 4 quadrants under the canopy of each tree, and then set and monitored traps until capture success in the orchard declined to zero. There was no evidence that the 4 quadrants differed with respect to any of the variables examined. The apple slice index (ASI) was …

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Management Of Human-Raccoon Interaction In The Midst Of A Race Rabies Outbreak, Charles V. Trimarchi, John G. Debbie Feb 1991

Management Of Human-Raccoon Interaction In The Midst Of A Race Rabies Outbreak, Charles V. Trimarchi, John G. Debbie

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

The rabies epizootic that had affected raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations in the southeastern United States since the mid-1950s jumped to West Virginia in 1977, the apparent result of importation of raccoons from Florida. During the following 14 years, the disease spread through raccoon populations in the mid-Atlantic states, so that by early 1991 infected raccoons had been identified in areas of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York. Although raccoons have remained the primary vector of the disease throughout the affected areas, spillover has occurred into other wildlife, including skunks …

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The Effectiveness Of Soap In Preventing Deer Browsing, Michael J. Fargione, Milo E. Richmond Feb 1991

The Effectiveness Of Soap In Preventing Deer Browsing, Michael J. Fargione, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

A series of bioassays was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of soap and soap components as deer (Odocoi virginianus) repellents. Sweet-corn plots protected with tallow-based soap bars, nontallow bars, and those sprayed with commercial repellent Hinder”, experienced significantly reduced browsing compared with untreated plots. Damage top protected with tallow-based soap was less than damage to nontallow soap plots, while Hinder”-treated plots had intermediate damage. In a second bioassay, 2 spray applications of soap were found to be as effective as soap bars in preventing browsing native vegetation over a 126-day period. The addition of perfume did not enhance …

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Landowner Attitudes Regarding Pennsylvania's Extended Anterless Deer Season On Deer-Damaged Farms, Robert C. Boyd, William L. Palmer Feb 1991

Landowner Attitudes Regarding Pennsylvania's Extended Anterless Deer Season On Deer-Damaged Farms, Robert C. Boyd, William L. Palmer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

The Pennsylvania Game Commission authorized an extension of the 1990-1991 anterless white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) season to reduce deer abundance on farms having excessive crop damage. A mail survey of the 574 participating landowners was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the program. After 2 mailings 93% (n = 531) responded, and 444 returns had completed information for numbers of hunters, hectares, and harvested deer. Based on landowner responses, an estimated 2,674 deer were harvested by 35,181 hunters on 58,525 ha. An average of 4.6 deer were harvested/km2 of huntable land, which compared to a statewide …

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Perspectives On Wildlife Nuisance Control: Results Of A Wildlife Damage Control Firm's Customer Survey, Lynn A. Braband, Kevin D. Clark Feb 1991

Perspectives On Wildlife Nuisance Control: Results Of A Wildlife Damage Control Firm's Customer Survey, Lynn A. Braband, Kevin D. Clark

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 5th (1991)

Customers of Critter Control, Ins, offices were surveyed in 1990 and 1991 to examine their views and experience nuisance wildlife. Most of the survey respondents were having problems with raccoons (Procyon lotor), squirrels (Sciurus), skunks (Mephitis mephitis), woodchucks (Marmata monax), and moles (Talpidae). Approximately 25% of the respective attempted to control the nuisance situation themselves before contacting Critter Control. Most customers approved of the control of rats/mice (Muridae), moles, snakes, bats (Chiroptera), pigeons (Columba livia), and skunks. Most disapproves lethal control of deer (Odocoileus spp. ), geese (Branta …

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