Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Tick-Bourne Pathogens Of Potential Zoonotic Importance In The Southern African Region, Simbarashe Chitanga, Holly Gaff, Samson Mukaratirwa

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The aim of this communication is to provide preliminary information on the tick-borne pathogens of potential zoonotic importance present in southern Africa, mainly focusing on their geographical distribution and host range, and to identify research gaps. The following tick-borne zoonoses have been reported to occur in southern Africa based mainly on case reports: Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus; ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum; babesiosis caused by Babesia microti; relapsing fever caused by Borrelia duttonii and rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia conorii. The …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the 2013 SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report

[Page] 2 The World’s First: Collaborative Effort Produces Multi-Hybrid Planter To Advance Precision Ag
[Page] 4 70 Years Of Data: Ranchers Benefit From Long-Term Grazing Studies
[Page] 6 Better Beef: Fetal Programming Study Analyzes Effects Of Cow Nutrition On Meat Quality
[Page] 7 Winter College News
[Page] 8 Consumer Sciences, Animal Health, Livestock Marketing: Important Research Continues In These Areas
[Page] 10 Improving Human Health: Role Of Nondigestible Fiber, Antioxidants Studied To Prevent Disease
[Page] 11 Food Safety Focus: Targeting Heat-Resistant Microbes To Improve Dairy Products
[Page] 12 Engineering …

Evaluation Of Ovsynch Protocols For Timed Artificial Insemination In Water Buffaloes In Bangladesh, Md Nazmul Hoque, Anup Kumar Talukder, Masuma Akter, Mohammed Shamsuddin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 65 water buffaloes (groups A, B, and C) at =>60 days postpartum with a body condition score (BCS) of =>2.5 were selected to evaluate ovsynch protocols for timed artificial insemination (TAI). The group A buffaloes (n = 25) were treated with a simple ovsynch protocol (GnRH - Day 7 - PGF2 alpha - Day 2 - GnRH -16 h - TAI). The group B buffaloes (n = 22) received PGF2 alpha treatment 12 days before the initiation of simple ovsynch (PGF2 alpha at Day -12 + simple ovsynch; modified ovsynch). The group C buffaloes (n …

Activity Of 3\Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Associated With Progesterone Production In Bovine Granulosa Cells Cultured Under Different Concentrations Of Serum, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, And Gonadotropin, Özkan Şi̇mşek, Monika Mihm

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Three-\beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\beta-HSD) is the enzyme responsible for progesterone production. This study aimed to determine whether 3\beta-HSD activity can be shown to reflect progesterone production by granulosa cells cultured under different serum conditions and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Large bovine follicles were dissected from abattoir ovaries to recover granulosa cells. Cells were washed, stained for viability, and plated for 48 h in basic medium with or without 5% foetal calf serum (FCS). Subsequently, cells were exposed to FSH (1 ng/mL), LH (10 or 100 ng/mL), or FSH (1 ng/mL) + …

Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity In Polymicrobial Sepsis, Liliang Jin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Severe bacterial sepsis leads to a pro-inflammatory condition that can manifest as septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Neutrophils are critical for the rapid elimination of bacteria, however, the role of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)- NLR protein 3 (NLRP3) and alcohol in bacterial clearance during sepsis remains elusive. We demonstrate that CXCL1 plays a pivotal role in mediating host defense to polymicrobial sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in gene-deficient mice. CXCL1 appears to be essential for restricting bacterial outgrowth and preventing multiple organ failure and death in mice. Moreover, CXCL1 is essential for neutrophil …

The Role Of Viral Glycoproteins And Tegument Proteins In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous neurotropic alphaherpesvirus transmitted by contact with mucocutaneous surfaces of infected individuals. HSV-1 enters the host by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, followed by translocation of the viral capsids to the nucleus where viral DNA is injected into the host cell nucleus to initiate viral replication. To generate infectious virions, newly assembled capsids travel to the cytoplasm and undergo a process called secondary envelopment by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic envelopment is a complex process involving interactions between a multitude of …

North American Lyme Borreliae: New Distributions And An Insight Into Borrelia Bissettii Infection, Immune Response And Transmission In A Murine Model, Brian Francis Leydet Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Lyme borreliosis is an emergent threat to human health. It is estimated that 300,000 cases of Lyme disease are diagnosed annually in the United States. In recent years, non-traditional areas are starting to report more and more cases. While much research has gone into the tick and bacteria responsible for the disease, frequently new Borrelia species are being described and implicated in human illness. These species often go unstudied, and their threat to human health is not known. In the hopes of closing knowledge gaps on Lyme borreliosis in the US, we surveyed a non-endemic state, Louisiana, for Lyme Borrelia …

Outer Surface Lipoprotein Layer Homeostasis And Gene Regulation In Borrelia Burgdorferi, Poonam Dadhwal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The outer surface lipoprotein (osp) layer forms an interface between the internal and the external environment of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer effectuates adaptation of B. burgdorferi as it gets transmitted from the tick vector to a mammalian host and vice-versa. However, the regulation of the outer surface lipoproteins (osps) is still a conundrum for borrelia scientists. Part of this dissertation inquires about the homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer. We found that the deletion of the dominantly expressed tick phase osp, OspA, induces expression of two other osps. OspD, and BBJ41. …

Genetics And Functions Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Membrane Proteins Ul20/Gk In Virion Envelopment And Entry, Anu Susan Charles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The envelopment and egress of the Herpes Simplex Virus is an important event in the life cycle of the virus. The important membrane proteins required for the envelopment and egress of the virus are glycoproteins gM, gK, gE and non-glycosylated membrane proteins UL20p and UL11. Among them one of the most critical protein is the UL20 protein which has four transmembrane domains with amino and carboxyl termini are predicted to lie within the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes. Studies done in our laboratory have shown that deletion of UL20 or other lethal mutations have an adverse effect on envelopment and …

Comparison Of Immune Responses During Gastrointestinal Helminth Self-Cure Expulsion Between Resistant Gulf Coast Native And Susceptible Suffolk Sheep, Javier Jesus Garza

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The immune response to the self-cure phenomenon seen during gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism of small ruminants was compared between sheep breeds that are resistant or susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection. Fifty-four Gulf Coast Native (resistant) and Suffolk (susceptible) lambs were allowed to acquire a natural GIN infection on pasture and were then randomly allocated into 4 groups. After being moved to parasite free housing for 2 months, lambs were given a challenge infection of 20,000 H. contortus L3. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were monitored throughout the study and animals were necropsied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days post infection …

A Retrospective Study Of Cardiac Hemangiosarcoma In Dogs, Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak, Marcin Nowak, Urszula Paslawska, Alicja Cepiel, Adrian Janiszewski, Maciej Staszczyk, Jozef Nicpon

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Cardiac tumors account for a small proportion of all canine tumors, but hemangiosarcoma represents the most frequent cardiac tumor in many species. Hemangiosarcoma occur intrapericardially with pericardial effusion. In this case report, a retrospective study was conducted on 9 cases of canine hemangiosarcoma. In all the dogs the presence of a pericardial exudate was noted and in 5 cases it was the only lesion detected during the examination. All animals were subjected to necropsy and histopathology was performed in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung. In 5 cases the tumor was present exclusively in the atrial wall. In 4 …

Fatty Acid Profile In 4 Types Of Fat Depots In Polish Holstein-Friesian And Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian Bulls, Monika Sobczuk-Szul, Zenon Nogalski, Zofia Wielgosz-Groth, Magdalena Mochol, Arkadiusz Rzemieniewski, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybylek, Cezary Purwin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile in 4 types of fat deposits in Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) and Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian (LM × PHF) bulls. The experimental materials included samples of intramuscular, intermuscular, subcutaneous, and internal fat collected from the carcasses of 28 PHF bulls and 26 LM × PHF bulls. Determined fatty acids (FAs) were divided into saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated (UFAs) FAs, including monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) FAs. The UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratios were calculated. Internal fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations, and subcutaneous fat …

Polymorphism Of The Ovine Calpastatin Gene In Some Turkish Sheep Breeds, Onur Yilmaz, Tamer Sezenler, Nezi̇h Ata, Yalçin Yaman, İbrahi̇m Cemal, Orhan Karaca

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The calpastatin (CAST) gene has a major effect on muscle growth and meat tenderness after slaughter; it is located on the fifth chromosome in sheep. Blood samples were collected from 720 animals in total from Kıvırcık (KIV), Sakız (SZ), Karacabey Merino (KM), and Gökçeada (GA) sheep populations raised in West Anatolia. The PCR products were digested by the restriction endonuclease MspI. Allele frequencies for M and N alleles of the gene were found to be 0.85 and 0.15 in KIV, 0.80 and 0.20 in KM, 0.99 and 0.01 in GA, and 0.34 and 0.66 in SZ sheep, respectively. It was …

Immunohistochemical Localization Of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Enzyme And Its Gene Expression By Rt-Pcr In The Liver Tissue Of Healthy And Diabetic Mice, Turgay Deprem, Nurhayat Gülmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study is to examine the gene expression level of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) in the liver of healthy and diabetic mice, its localization in the tissue, and structural changes in the liver. In this study, 36 Swiss albino mice were divided into 3 groups: experimental (diabetic) (n = 15), sham (n = 15), and control (n = 6). Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to mice in the experimental group. While the gene expression level of GPx1 was determined using the RT-PCR method, its localization in the liver was determined using an immunohistochemical method. The GPx1 …

Effect Of Gamma Irradiation On Inactivation Of Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Trophonts And Its Efficacy On Host Response In Experimentally Immunized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Marzieh Heidarieh, Maryam Hedayati Rad, Ali Reza Mirvaghefi, Adama Diallo, Shalaleh Mousavi, Najmeh Sheikhzadeh, Amir Ali Shahbazfar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts and to determine the effects of exposure on inactivated parasites in rainbow trout. In the first trial, fish were treated with irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts for 21 days. Results showed that irradiation at doses of 150 Gy and higher was required to inactivate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts. The LD50 value obtained was 52.2 Gy. In the second trial, the effects of irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts on physiological and biochemical components of blood and mucus, as well as skin morphology, were studied for 30 days. Results …

Response Of 2 Breeds Of Broiler Chicks To Experimental Infection With Low Dose Of Eimeria Tenella Sporulated Oocysts, Isa Danladi Jatau, Augustine Nnamadi Odika, Mathew Thlama, Ahmad Muhammad Talba, Muhammed Bisalla, Ibrahim Waziri Musa

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study evaluated the effect of low-grade Eimeria tenella infections in broiler chicks of Cobb (C) and Marshal (M) breeds. Birds from the experimental group of each breed were orally infected with 3000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella and examined for weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (WBC), total plasma protein (TP), gross lesion scores, and histopathological changes 10 days after infection. There were 31.7% and 15.7% reductions in the mean weight gain of experimental groups of C and M, respectively, compared to their controls; this was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in C but not (P > 0.05) in M. …

Calving Assistance Influences The Occurrence Of Umbilical Cord Pathologies Treated Surgically In Calves, Carlos Moscuzza, Horacio Milicich, Guadalupe Alvarez, Betiana Gutierrez, Mariano Nahum

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ninety-two umbilical pathologies were surgically treated in Holstein, Aberdeen Angus, and Polled Hereford calves, both males and females, whose ages ranged between 2 and 8 months. The pathology diagnosis was performed considering the main anatomical elements involved in the umbilical cord, the inflammation progression, and the macroscopic characteristics of injuries. The umbilical cord pathologies were related to calving characteristics. The proportion of affected umbilical cords in calves born via assisted calving (77%) was significantly higher than that observed in calves born from normal parturition. The umbilical cord pathology of highest occurrence was omphalophlebitis (53.2%). A considerable proportion of infectious diseases …

Gallbladder Mucocele In A Dog: An Ultrasonography And Pathology Report, Marudhai Thangapandiyan, Ramasamy Sridhar, Kirubakaran Jeyaraja, Masilamani Sakthivelan, Thangaraj Mohanapriya, Natesan Pazhanivel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 9-year old male, German shepherd dog was presented to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with a history of a chronic ailment that had increased over the previous few months. A diagnosis of chronic renal failure and hepatitis was made and abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of gallbladder mucocele (GBM). The etiology, diagnosis, necropsy, and histopathological lesions were discussed.

Morphological And Morphometrical Characteristics Of The Interdigital Gland In Kivircik Sheep, Yasi̇n Demi̇raslan, Yalçin Akbulut, Turgay Deprem, Ebru Karadağ Sari, Kadi̇r Aslan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the interdigital gland in Kivircik sheep. The interdigital glands in the forefeet and hind feet of the 16 male Kivircik sheep were examined in terms of morphometric and morphological characteristics. Four lengths (length of duct and corpus, diameter of duct and corpus) and 2 angles (angle of internal and external flexure) were measured in the interdigital glands located between 2 digits after dissection. The interdigital gland contained orifice, excretory duct, flexure, and corpus sections. Lengths and widths of corpus and excretory ducts of the interdigital gland …

Maternal Embryokines That Regulate Development Of The Bovine Preimplantation Embryo, Peter James Hansen, Anna Carolina Denicol, Kyle Bradley Dobbs

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Proper embryonic development depends upon regulatory signals from the reproductive tract called embryokines. This review uses the cow as a model to understand the developmental processes controlled by embryokines. The focus is on 3 embryokines that have been shown to increase competence of embryos to survive after transfer to recipients: CSF2, IGF1, and DKK1. Together, these molecules regulate key events required for development of the embryo to the blastocyst stage including proliferation (enhanced by IGF1), development of the inner cell mass (regulated by CSF2), control of differentiation (modified by DKK1), and inhibition of apoptosis and stress-mediated developmental arrest (IGF1 and …

Polledness Intersex Syndrome In Goats – Molecular And Histological Aspects, Iwona Szatkowska, Daniel Zaborski, Witold Stanislaw Proskura, Sara Tabor

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Polledness intersex syndrome (PIS) is a phenomenon associated with 2 distinct conditions occurring in goats, namely polledness and intersexuality. The first is a trait exhibiting complete dominance, whereas the latter is recessive. The extreme case of intersexualism is complete sex reversal, which is observed only in females (60,XX). The trait PIS is inherited in a recessive manner and caused by deletion of 11.7 kbp DNA on chromosome 1q43. Female goats with PIS exhibit a broad range of developmental abnormalities of the sexual system, from only subtle changes to complete sex reversal. The phenotypic diversity in goats with PIS is most …

Application Of Dietary Fish Oil In Dairy Cow Reproduction, Anna Zwyrzykowska, Robert Kupczynski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Feed fats are commonly used as a component of high-yielding cow diet rations. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of fat supplementation on metabolism, milk composition, and improvements in dairy cow reproduction. The positive effects on fat (vegetable oil) and energy supplementation on improvements in reproduction are well documented. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including n-3 acids, in appropriate feed doses improves fertility of dairy cows. A fat source with high levels of acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is marine oil, especially fish and algae. By modification of cow rations, EPA and …

Molecular, Cellular, And Physiological Determinants Of Bull Fertility, Alexis Marie Parisi, Shannon Kate Thompson, Abdullah Kaya, Erdoğan Memi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Bull fertility, defined as the ability of the spermatozoon to fertilize and activate the ovum and then support embryonic and even fetal development, is a crucial factor influencing animal reproduction and production efficiency. Despite significant influences of fertility on herd genetic improvement and efficient cattle production, the mechanisms regulating this phenotype and reliable biomarkers associated with bull fertility are poorly defined. Specifically, there is a broad lack of knowledge in bull fertility. In this paper, bull fertility is reviewed within the context of animal systems physiology, and system biology markers associated with bull fertility are provided. This mini-review is intended …

Cholesterol Efflux From Sperm: Approaches And Applications, Zahid Naseer, Ejaz Ahmad, Meli̇h Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Following ejaculation, sperm appear morphologically mature, but functionally they are inactive. To attain functional capability or capacitation in vivo, sperm must reside in the female reproductive tract for a certain period of time before fertilization. In the female reproductive tract, cholesterol efflux from the sperm plasma membrane is considered vital for the initiation of capacitation. A number of in vitro studies have used biological and nonphysiological means to understand the phenomenon of cholesterol efflux and capacitation. In this review, we present a short overview of the role of cholesterol efflux in regulating sperm capacitation using various agents. This review provides …

The Avian Ovary And Follicle Development: Some Comparative And Practical Insights, Alan L. Johnson

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This review focuses on recent research related to the avian ovary and, in particular, cellular mechanisms mediating embryonic growth of the ovary, postembryonic follicular development, and the process of follicular selection. Attention is drawn to a variety of fundamental, yet unresolved, aspects of ovarian function, several of which are uniquely related to avian reproductive strategies. Some notable differences in ovarian function between birds and the most closely related extant group, the crocodilians, are illustrated. Moreover, because the sauropsid (reptilian and avian) and synapsid (mammalian) lineages diverged shortly after the emergence of amniotes some 340 million years ago, consideration is given …

Endocrine And Metabolic Mechanisms Of Embryo And Fetal Intrauterine Growth Retardation In Dairy Cows, Anatoliy Nezhdanov, Sergey Shabunin, Vitaliy Mikhalev, Nikolay Klimov, Anton Chernitskiy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research was conducted to study hormonal and metabolic statuses and to determine ultrasound criteria for early diagnosis of fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGRS) in dairy cows of Black-motley (n = 41) and Red-motley (n = 56) Holstein breeds. Concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, and triiodothyronine in blood serum were assessed by immune-enzyme analysis. Concentrations of plasma L-ascorbic acid and nitrogen oxides, serum immune globulin, middle molecular peptides, and bactericidal and lysozyme activity were determined by spectrophotometry. On days 38-40 and 60-65 of gestation, FGRS in cows was associated with hypoprogesteronemia, decrease of adrenal and thyroid gland …

The Effect Of Short-Term Lupin (Lupinus Angustifolius) Feed Supplementation On Serum Steroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, And Ovarian Follicular Development And Atresia In Merino Ewes, Radoslava Vlckova, Jan Posivak, Igor Valocky, Zuzana Kravcova, Andrea Eibenová, Drahomia Sopkova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of short-term lupin supplementation on ovulation rate in ewes during oestrous season are well known. In this study, we tested the effects of an 8-day lupin supplementation on folliculogenesis during anoestrus applied over the hormonal treatment of ewes. Fourteen anoestrous Merino ewes were assigned into 2 groups (n = 7 for each) in which the control group was fed a basal diet and the experimental group was supplemented with lupin groats (500 g per head per day). Both groups were treated intramuscularly with 12.5 µg/head lecirelinum (luteinising hormone releasing hormone super analogue) on the first day of supplementation …

Study Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Effects On Bovine Type A Spermatogonia Proliferation And Viability, Babak Qasemi Panahi, Parviz Tajik, Mansoureh Movahedin, Gholamali Moghaddam, Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the best candidates for exploitation in genetic improvement of cattle herds. In fact, SSCs transmit genetic information to future generations. In vitro improvement in proliferation and frozen-thawed SSCs numbers is therefore needed. In the present study, bovine SSCs were cocultured with Sertoli cells, with or without insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). During 16 days of incubation, 100 ng/mL IGF-1 showed higher efficacy in increasing the numbers and diameters of SSCs colonies than 40 and 150 ng/mL concentrations. Furthermore, 100 ng/mL IGF-1 increased the frozen/thawed cells’ viability rate. Overall, these data demonstrate that usage of 100 …

Expression Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha During The Periovulatory Period In Goats, Chainarong Navanukraw, Jiratti Thammasiri, Tossapol Moonmanee, Jaruk Nutthakornkul

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) during the periovulatory period, goat ovaries were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment with 300 IU hCG. Total cellular RNA was isolated and VEGF and HIF-1 alpha were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA levels of VEGF in thecal tissue remained unchanged prior to ovulation. However, the mRNA levels of VEGF in thecal tissues at 48 h increased to 7.5-fold of the level at 0 h (P < 0.05). In granulosa tissue, the VEGF mRNA levels were not detected in granulosa cells at 48 h. In thecal tissue, the mRNA level of HIF-1 1 alpha at 4 h was 1.5-fold of the level at 0 h and remained unchanged during 8-24 h; however the levels were significantly increased at 48 h. The mRNA levels of HIF-1 alpha in granulosa at 4 h was not changed but levels were increased (P < 0.05) at 8 h and at 12 h and then decreased at 24 and 48 h, respectively. These data describe the relationships of VEGF- and HIF-1 alpha -dependent angiogenesis during the periovulatory periods by which hypoxia during ovulation is crucial for establishing the thecal new vasculature.

Noninvasive Assessment Of Cardiac Abnormalities In Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis By Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging In The Mouse, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi, Arunakumar Gangaplara, David Steffen, Shadi F. Othman, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events of myocardial injuries, various mouse models of myocarditis have been widely used. This study involved experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced with cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 in A/J mice; the affected animals develop lymphocytic myocarditis but with no apparent clinical signs. In this model, the utility of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) as a non-invasive modality to determine the cardiac structural and functional changes in animals immunized with Myhc-α 334-352 is shown. EAM and healthy mice …