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Veterinary Medicine Commons™

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2014

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Articles 271 - 300 of 356

Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine

Fatty Acid Profile In 4 Types Of Fat Depots In Polish Holstein-Friesian And Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian Bulls, Monika Sobczuk-Szul, Zenon Nogalski, Zofia Wielgosz-Groth, Magdalena Mochol, Arkadiusz Rzemieniewski, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybylek, Cezary Purwin Jan 2014

Fatty Acid Profile In 4 Types Of Fat Depots In Polish Holstein-Friesian And Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian Bulls, Monika Sobczuk-Szul, Zenon Nogalski, Zofia Wielgosz-Groth, Magdalena Mochol, Arkadiusz Rzemieniewski, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybylek, Cezary Purwin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile in 4 types of fat deposits in Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) and Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian (LM × PHF) bulls. The experimental materials included samples of intramuscular, intermuscular, subcutaneous, and internal fat collected from the carcasses of 28 PHF bulls and 26 LM × PHF bulls. Determined fatty acids (FAs) were divided into saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated (UFAs) FAs, including monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) FAs. The UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratios were calculated. Internal fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations, and subcutaneous fat …

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Study Of Beef Blade Muscles' Differentiation Depending On Conformation And Fat Class, Dominika Guzek, Dominika Glabska, Ewa Lange, Krzysztof Glabski, Agnieszka Wierzbicka Jan 2014

Study Of Beef Blade Muscles' Differentiation Depending On Conformation And Fat Class, Dominika Guzek, Dominika Glabska, Ewa Lange, Krzysztof Glabski, Agnieszka Wierzbicka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The object of this study was to identify variation of the intramuscular fat and connective tissue content in different blade muscles in carcasses characterized by various quality grades. It was found that there is a cumulative impact of muscle and conformation class on intramuscular fat in blade muscle (P = 0.0330), as well as type of muscle and fat class (P = 0.0424), but there is no cumulative impact of conformation class and fat class (P = 0.1788). There is no cumulative influence of muscle type, conformation class, and fat class on amount of connective tissue in blade muscle, but …

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The Effects Of Supplementing Diets Fed To Pregnant And Lactating Ewes With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Dried Yeast, Katarzyna Zabek, Stanislaw Milewski, Roman Wójcik, Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki Jan 2014

The Effects Of Supplementing Diets Fed To Pregnant And Lactating Ewes With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Dried Yeast, Katarzyna Zabek, Stanislaw Milewski, Roman Wójcik, Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing diets fed to ewes (in late pregnancy and during lactation or only during lactation) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae dried brewer’s yeast on the yield and chemical composition of milk and on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity. The investigated indicators were analyzed on days 28 and 70 of lactation. The addition of dried yeast contributed to a significant increase in milk yield, and the obtained milk was characterized by a lower somatic cell count, suggesting improved mammary gland health. Diet supplementation had a beneficial influence on the health …

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Ameliorative Efficacy Of Citrus Fruit Oil In Aflatoxicosis In Broilers: A Growth And Biochemical Study, Senthil Kumar Dhanapal, Suguna Rao, Pradeep Kumar Palahally Govindaraju, Ravikumar Hukkeri, Karikalan Mathesh Jan 2014

Ameliorative Efficacy Of Citrus Fruit Oil In Aflatoxicosis In Broilers: A Growth And Biochemical Study, Senthil Kumar Dhanapal, Suguna Rao, Pradeep Kumar Palahally Govindaraju, Ravikumar Hukkeri, Karikalan Mathesh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of citrus fruit oil on growth parameters and biochemical parameters of broilers in 4 groups with 2 replicates of 20 chicks in each. Standard broiler diet without aflatoxin was given to group A, basal diet + citrus fruit oil 2.5 g kg^{-1} to group B, basal diet + 1 ppm aflatoxin to group C, and 1 ppm aflatoxin + basal diet + citrus fruit oil 2.5 g kg^{-1} to group D. The results showed that supplementation in group D had a moderate effect on posttreatment growth performance, relative organ weight, and biochemical …

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Treatment Of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor Using L-Asparaginase, Prednisone, And Surgery In A Clinical Chemotherapy-Resistant Case, Daniella Matos Da Silva, Mhayara Samile De Oliveira Reusing, Aline Iara Franciosi, Carlos Edvardo Penner Belo, Kamilá Alcala Gonçalves, Renato Silva De Sousa, Simone Domit Guérios Jan 2014

Treatment Of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor Using L-Asparaginase, Prednisone, And Surgery In A Clinical Chemotherapy-Resistant Case, Daniella Matos Da Silva, Mhayara Samile De Oliveira Reusing, Aline Iara Franciosi, Carlos Edvardo Penner Belo, Kamilá Alcala Gonçalves, Renato Silva De Sousa, Simone Domit Guérios

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 4-year-old intact female dog was presented with a vaginal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) that had clinically developed multidrug resistance to vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin. Complete remission was obtained with combined-modality therapy with surgery, L-asparaginase, and prednisone.

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Mva I Pcr-Rflp Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of The Alpha-Lactalbumin Gene In Some Goat Breeds Reared In Turkey, Özgecan Korkmaz Ağaoğlu, Mustafa Saatci, Özkan Elmaz, Mehmet Çolak, Mesi̇h Kocamüftüoğlu, Emel Zeytünlü Jan 2014

Mva I Pcr-Rflp Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Of The Alpha-Lactalbumin Gene In Some Goat Breeds Reared In Turkey, Özgecan Korkmaz Ağaoğlu, Mustafa Saatci, Özkan Elmaz, Mehmet Çolak, Mesi̇h Kocamüftüoğlu, Emel Zeytünlü

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Alpha-lactalbumin plays a key role in lactose synthesis in the mammary glands of domestic animals. This study evaluated Hair (188), Saanen (82), Kilis (63), and Honamli (183) goat breeds, with the primary goal of investigating DNA polymorphism of Mva I RFLP at exon 3 of the alpha-lactalbumin gene. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was employed to genotype a total of 516 goats for Mva I polymorphism of alpha-lactalbumin. In the breeds that were studied, digestion of the amplification product with the Mva I restriction enzyme revealed 2 alleles (A1 and A2) and 3 genotypes (A1A1, A1A2, …

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Course Of Hatch And Developmental Changes In Thyroid Hormone Concentration In Blood Of Chicken Embryo Following In Ovo Riboflavin Supplementation, Karolina Barbara Trzeciak, Marcin Wojciech Lis, Andrzej Sechman, Barbara Plytycz, Agata Rudolf, Tomasz Wojnar, Jerzy Wojcciech Niedziólka Jan 2014

Course Of Hatch And Developmental Changes In Thyroid Hormone Concentration In Blood Of Chicken Embryo Following In Ovo Riboflavin Supplementation, Karolina Barbara Trzeciak, Marcin Wojciech Lis, Andrzej Sechman, Barbara Plytycz, Agata Rudolf, Tomasz Wojnar, Jerzy Wojcciech Niedziólka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The influence of riboflavin on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis during chicken embryogenesis is poorly understood. Therefore, examination of the effects of in ovo riboflavin supplementation on the possible linkage between the thyroid gland function and chick embryonic development seems to be interesting. Eggs on the sixth day of incubation were injected with 0 (control), 60, or 600 µg of riboflavin/egg. Blood samples were collected on the 12th, 15th, 18th, and 20th days of embryogenesis. Thyroxine (T_4) and triiodothyronine (T_3) concentrations in plasma samples were determined by radioimmunoassay method. The time of external pipping and hatching of each chick …

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In Vivo Embryo Production In Some Native Goat Breeds In Turkey, Ali̇ Reha Ağaoğlu, Kübra Karakaş, Mustafa Kaymaz Jan 2014

In Vivo Embryo Production In Some Native Goat Breeds In Turkey, Ali̇ Reha Ağaoğlu, Kübra Karakaş, Mustafa Kaymaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the repeated administration of superovulatory protocol and surgical procedure in in vivo embryo production, as well as to determine the differences in the responses to superovulatory treatment among several Turkish native goat breeds (Angora, Kilis, Honamli, Hair, and Norduz). A superovulatory treatment procedure was repeated 3 times in this study. The estrus cycles were synchronized and superovulatory response was induced with porcine follicle-stimulating hormone during the natural breeding season. Natural mating was performed following CIDR removal. Embryo recovery was performed surgically on day 6, after the first mating. According …

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Inhibitory Effect Of K^+ And Ca^{2+} Concentrations, Ph, And Osmolality Of Activation Solution On Motility Of Shabut (Barbus Grypus Heckel 1843) Spermatozoa, Fati̇h Öğretmen, Selami̇ Gölbaşi, Burak Evren İnanan Jan 2014

Inhibitory Effect Of K^+ And Ca^{2+} Concentrations, Ph, And Osmolality Of Activation Solution On Motility Of Shabut (Barbus Grypus Heckel 1843) Spermatozoa, Fati̇h Öğretmen, Selami̇ Gölbaşi, Burak Evren İnanan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Evaluation of sperm quality is important in order to understand the main biochemical processes occurring during motility of sperm, to determine the reproductive ability of fish species, and to optimize the environment for spermatozoa. Generally, once differentiated in the gonad the sperm remain there completely quiescent until they are released into an external medium. After activation, motility duration of fish spermatozoa is greatly affected by environmental factors such as pH, ion concentrations, and osmotic pressure. Investigating these factors in relation to fish sperm can help establish good activation or immobilizing media for improving artificial fertilization and preservation. This study aimed …

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Investigation Of Conception Rates Achieved With The Transfer Of Sexed And Unsexed Bovine Embryos, Tahi̇r Karaşahi̇n, Numan Akyol, Muharrem Satilmiş, Sedat Hamdi̇ Kizil, Mustafa Numan Bucak, Kenan Çoyan Jan 2014

Investigation Of Conception Rates Achieved With The Transfer Of Sexed And Unsexed Bovine Embryos, Tahi̇r Karaşahi̇n, Numan Akyol, Muharrem Satilmiş, Sedat Hamdi̇ Kizil, Mustafa Numan Bucak, Kenan Çoyan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the conception rates achieved with the transfer of in-vivo–derived sexed and unsexed Holstein bovine embryos to appropriate recipients and to determine the accuracy of nonelectrophoretic PCR sexing. Seven-day-old embryos were derived in vivo by the nonsurgical flushing of the uterus. Before being vitrified and frozen some of the embryos obtained were sexed, while others were not sexed and were maintained as the control group. After thawing, the sexed and unsexed embryos were transferred to 23 and 21 bovine recipients, respectively. The conception rates achieved with the transfer of the sexed and unsexed …

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In Vitro Assessment On Intestinal Microflora From Commonly Farmed Fishes For Control Of The Fish Pathogen Edwardsiella Tarda, Jiun Yan Loh, Yau Yan Lim, Sharr Azni Harmin, Adeline Su Yien Ting Jan 2014

In Vitro Assessment On Intestinal Microflora From Commonly Farmed Fishes For Control Of The Fish Pathogen Edwardsiella Tarda, Jiun Yan Loh, Yau Yan Lim, Sharr Azni Harmin, Adeline Su Yien Ting

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was aimed to evaluate the microflora isolated from the intestines of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), freshwater catfish (Clarias batrachus), snakehead (Ophicephalus striatus), snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), and river catfish (Pangasius pangasius) for their potential probiotic development. Isolates were initially screened for their inhibitory effect against one of the most common fish pathogens, Edwardsiella tarda. Positive antagonists were subsequently tested for hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs). Our results revealed 55 of the 405 isolates tested showed inhibitory effects towards the pathogen. Forty isolates were γ-hemolytic bacteria. Only 7 isolates were …

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The Effect Of Supplemental Concentrate Feed On Live Weight Gain Of Yearling Heifers Over Grazing Season In Subirrigated Rangelands Of East Anatolia, Ali̇ Koç, Adem Kaya, Mehmet Keri̇m Güllap, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Erkovan, Muhli̇s Maci̇t, Mevlüt Karaoğlu Jan 2014

The Effect Of Supplemental Concentrate Feed On Live Weight Gain Of Yearling Heifers Over Grazing Season In Subirrigated Rangelands Of East Anatolia, Ali̇ Koç, Adem Kaya, Mehmet Keri̇m Güllap, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Erkovan, Muhli̇s Maci̇t, Mevlüt Karaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Animal performance declines considerably after summer dormancy during the grazing season in the steppe rangelands of East Anatolia. The aim of this study was to determine the growth performance of Holstein heifers grazed on rangeland and supported with concentrate. Forage amount, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of forage were sampled biweekly during the grazing season. In the experiment, heifers (250 ± 10 kg) were allocated to 1 of 3 feeding trials: 1) control, 2) grazing plus concentrate supplement fed at 1% of bodyweight once daily, and 3)grazing plus concentrate supplement fed at …

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Conservation Characteristics And Protein Fractions Of Cereal Silages Ensiled With Additives At The Booting And Dough Stages Of Maturity, Gürhan Keleş, Behi̇ç Coşkun, Fatma İnal, Mustafa Selçuk Alataş, Serkan Ateş Jan 2014

Conservation Characteristics And Protein Fractions Of Cereal Silages Ensiled With Additives At The Booting And Dough Stages Of Maturity, Gürhan Keleş, Behi̇ç Coşkun, Fatma İnal, Mustafa Selçuk Alataş, Serkan Ateş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic acid and bacterial inoculant on conservation characteristics and protein fractions as defined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System of barley, wheat, rye, triticale, and oat silages ensiled at their booting or dough stage of maturity. The cereal crops were not treated or were treated with bacteria (L. buchneri, L. plantarum, E. faecium) or organic acid (formic acid, propionic acid, sodium formate) and ensiled in 1.0-L anaerobic jars for 45 days. Bacterial inoculant improved the fermentation profile for all cereal silages and increased the dry matter (DM) recovery at …

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Metazoan Parasites Of Brown Meagre (Sciaena Umbra L. 1758) Caught Near Gökçeada, Turkey, Ahmet Akmirza Jan 2014

Metazoan Parasites Of Brown Meagre (Sciaena Umbra L. 1758) Caught Near Gökçeada, Turkey, Ahmet Akmirza

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted between July 2011 and January 2012 in Gökçeada, Turkey, to determine the metazoan parasite fauna of brown meagre (Sciaena umbra). The metazoan parasite fauna of 53 brown meagre samples was investigated and a total of 7 parasite species [Anoiktostoma coronatum, Paracryptogonimus aloysiae (Digenea), Longicollum pagrosomi (Acanthocephala), Contracaecum fabri (Nematoda), Trachelobdella lubrica (Hirudinea), Nerocila bivittata, and praniza larvae (Isopoda)] were identified. It was determined that Paracryptogonimus aloysiae was the dominant parasite species of brown meagre with the prevalence of 66.04% in this region. Anoiktostoma coronatum and Paracryptogonimus aloysiae were reported for the first time in Turkey.

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Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Glucagon -, Insulin -, Somatostatin -, Gastrin-,And Serotonin-Containing Cells In The Pancreas Of The Van Cat, Turan Karaca, Adem Kara, Nejdet Şi̇mşek, Sema Uslu, Deni̇z Teki̇ner, Meci̇t Yörük Jan 2014

Immunohistochemical Distribution Of Glucagon -, Insulin -, Somatostatin -, Gastrin-,And Serotonin-Containing Cells In The Pancreas Of The Van Cat, Turan Karaca, Adem Kara, Nejdet Şi̇mşek, Sema Uslu, Deni̇z Teki̇ner, Meci̇t Yörük

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The regional distribution, relative frequency, and appearance of glucagon (A-cell)-, insulin (B-cell)-, somatostatin (D-cell)-, gastrin (G-cell)-, and serotonin (EC-cell)-secreting cells in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of Van cats were examined using the immunohistochemistry method. Glucagon immunopositive A-cells were principally found in the central region of the islets of Langerhans, while insulin immunopositive B-cells were located in the periphery of the pancreatic islets. Moreover, several A- and B-cells were observed as only single cells or clusters of 2 to 3 immunopositive cells in the exocrine parenchyma and the pancreatic duct epithelium. Somatostatin and gastrin immunopositive reactivities were negligible in the …

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Milk Fatty Acid Composition From Goats In A Semiintensive Production System In An Arid Region Of The Peninsula Of Baja California, Mexico, Eduardo Alberto Toyes Vargas, Hector Gonzalez Garcia, Miguel Victor Cordoba Matson, Ricardo Ortega Perez, Jose Luis Espinoza Villavicencio, Alejandro Palacios Espinosa, Narciso Ysac Avila Serrano, Bernardo Murillo Amador Jan 2014

Milk Fatty Acid Composition From Goats In A Semiintensive Production System In An Arid Region Of The Peninsula Of Baja California, Mexico, Eduardo Alberto Toyes Vargas, Hector Gonzalez Garcia, Miguel Victor Cordoba Matson, Ricardo Ortega Perez, Jose Luis Espinoza Villavicencio, Alejandro Palacios Espinosa, Narciso Ysac Avila Serrano, Bernardo Murillo Amador

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this research was to study the effects of seasons (rainy and dry) on the composition of the fatty acids (FAs) in milk of Creole goats in a semiintensive production system. Milk sampling was carried out in the dry season (June) and just after the rainy season (November) in an arid region of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The goat diet was composed of native species it grazed on in the rangeland, as well as hayed forages with some supplements containing approximately equal amounts of sorghum and maize. The results for different types of FAs in goat milk showed …

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Staphylococcus Aureus Growth And Enterotoxin Production In Italian Caciotta Cheese, Francesca Pedonese, Carlo D'Ascenzi, Beatrice Torracca, Clizia Zingoni, Barbara Turchi, Filippo Fratini, Roberta Nuvoloni Jan 2014

Staphylococcus Aureus Growth And Enterotoxin Production In Italian Caciotta Cheese, Francesca Pedonese, Carlo D'Ascenzi, Beatrice Torracca, Clizia Zingoni, Barbara Turchi, Filippo Fratini, Roberta Nuvoloni

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate growth and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk caciotta, an Italian soft cheese, experimental cheesemaking trials were carried out with and without a commercial starter. Two different inocula of selected enterotoxin-producing S. aureus strains were tested: high (mean value 5.03 log CFU/mL of milk) and low (mean value 3.22 log CFU/mL of milk). Uninoculated cheeses with milk containing 2.15 log CFU/mL mean value of coagulase-positive staphylococci were also examined. With higher inocul a coagulase-positive staphylococci counts reached 7.57 log CFU/g without starter and had significantly higher values after the acidification phase than those with starter (below …

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A Disseminated Cutaneous Plasmacytoma Case In A Dog, Burçak Özkan, Si̇nem Ülgen, Funda Yildirim, Ali̇ Riza Kiziler, Kürşat Özer, Mehmet Erman Or, Aydin Gürel, Ümi̇t Bora Barutçu, Hazi̇m Tamer Dodurka Jan 2014

A Disseminated Cutaneous Plasmacytoma Case In A Dog, Burçak Özkan, Si̇nem Ülgen, Funda Yildirim, Ali̇ Riza Kiziler, Kürşat Özer, Mehmet Erman Or, Aydin Gürel, Ümi̇t Bora Barutçu, Hazi̇m Tamer Dodurka

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 5-year-old mixed-breed dog presenting with diffuse lesions was diagnosed with cutaneous plasmacytoma. Sites where tumors occurred most often involved the skin of the facial areas, as well as that of the shoulder, neck, and back of the body. No systemic findings were present in spite of a significant enlargement of the lesions. The tumors varied in diameter, the largest being 5-10 cm. Tissue samples obtained from tumoral masses were fixed in 10% formalin, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 4-5 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To determine the nature of the tumoral cells, kappa …

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Severe Beak Deformity In Melopsittacus Undulatus Caused By Knemidocoptes Pilae, Pedro María Alarcón Elbal, Victor Jesus Carmona Salido, José Marín Sánchez Murillo, Rafael Calero Bernal, Javier Lucientes Curdi Jan 2014

Severe Beak Deformity In Melopsittacus Undulatus Caused By Knemidocoptes Pilae, Pedro María Alarcón Elbal, Victor Jesus Carmona Salido, José Marín Sánchez Murillo, Rafael Calero Bernal, Javier Lucientes Curdi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An outbreak of knemidocoptic mange caused by Knemidocoptes pilae is described in caged Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in a public park in L´Eliana (Valencia, Spain). Five individuals (5 out of 70) displayed severe malformation of the beak, with the rhamphotheca, rhinotheca, and gnathotheca affected and a slight lateral deviation of the jawbone, which did not, however, impede feeding or grooming.

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Evaluating The Clinical And Physiological Effects Of Long Term Ultraviolet B Radiation On Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus), Megan K. Watson, Adam W. Stern, Amber L. Labelle, Stephen Joslyn, Timonthy M. Fan, Katie Leister, Micah Kohles, Kemba Marshall, Mark A. Mitchell Jan 2014

Evaluating The Clinical And Physiological Effects Of Long Term Ultraviolet B Radiation On Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus), Megan K. Watson, Adam W. Stern, Amber L. Labelle, Stephen Joslyn, Timonthy M. Fan, Katie Leister, Micah Kohles, Kemba Marshall, Mark A. Mitchell

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vitamin D is an important hormone in vertebrates. Most animals acquire this hormone through their diet, secondary to exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, or a combination thereof. The objectives for this research were to evaluate the clinical and physiologic effects of artificial UVB light supplementation on guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and to evaluate the long-term safety of artificial UVB light supplementation over the course of six months. Twelve juvenile acromelanic Hartley guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Group A was exposed to 12 hours of artificial UVB radiation daily and Group B …

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Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Stimulates Inflammosome Formation And Caspase 1 Activity, Jianlin Wang, Jeffrey Alexander, Matthew S. Wiebe, Clinton J. Jones Jan 2014

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Stimulates Inflammosome Formation And Caspase 1 Activity, Jianlin Wang, Jeffrey Alexander, Matthew S. Wiebe, Clinton J. Jones

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a significant viral pathogen of cattle, causes inflammation in affected tissue during acute infection. Consequently, we tested whether productively infected bovine cells stimulate inflammasome formation. Expression of two components required for inflammasome formation, the DNA sensor IFI16 (gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16) and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3), were induced in bovine kidney cells by eight hours after infection. IFI16 was detected in punctate granules localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. During productive infection, more than ten times more cells were caspase 1 positive, which is activated following inflammasome formation. Two caspase 1 inhibitors had …

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Experimental Infection Of Pregnant Goats With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) 1 Or 2, Thomas Passler, Kay P. Riddell, Misty A. Edmondson, Manuel F. Chamorro, John D. Neill, Bruce W. Brodersen, Heather L. Walz, Patricia K. Galik, Yijing Zhang, Paul H. Walz Jan 2014

Experimental Infection Of Pregnant Goats With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) 1 Or 2, Thomas Passler, Kay P. Riddell, Misty A. Edmondson, Manuel F. Chamorro, John D. Neill, Bruce W. Brodersen, Heather L. Walz, Patricia K. Galik, Yijing Zhang, Paul H. Walz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of the genus pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, are not limited to cattle but occur in various artiodactyls. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the main source of BVDV. Persistent infections also occur in heterologous hosts such as sheep and deer. BVDV infections of goats commonly result in reproductive disease, but viable PI goats are rare. Using 2 BVDV isolates, previously demonstrated to cause PI cattle and white-tailed deer, this study evaluated the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant goats. Pregnant goats (5 goats/group) were intranasally inoculated with BVDV 1b AU526 (group 1) or BVDV 2 …

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Glutaredoxin-2 Is Required To Control Oxidative Phosphorylation In Cardiac Muscle By Mediating Deglutathionylation Reactions, Mary-Ellen Harper, Ryan J. Mailloux, Jian Ying Xuan, Skye Mcbride, Wael Maharsy, Stephanie Thorn, Chet E. Holterman, Christopher R.J. Kennedy, Peter Rippstein, Robert Dekemp, Jean Da Silva, Mona Nemer, Marjorie Lou Jan 2014

Glutaredoxin-2 Is Required To Control Oxidative Phosphorylation In Cardiac Muscle By Mediating Deglutathionylation Reactions, Mary-Ellen Harper, Ryan J. Mailloux, Jian Ying Xuan, Skye Mcbride, Wael Maharsy, Stephanie Thorn, Chet E. Holterman, Christopher R.J. Kennedy, Peter Rippstein, Robert Dekemp, Jean Da Silva, Mona Nemer, Marjorie Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) modulates the activity of several mitochondrial proteins in cardiac tissue by catalyzing deglutathionylation reactions. However, it remains uncertain whether Grx2 is required to control mitochondrial ATP output in heart. Here, we report that Grx2 plays a vital role modulating mitochondrial energetics and heart physiology by mediating the deglutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins. Deletion of Grx2 (Grx2−/−) decreased ATP production by complex I-linked substrates to half that in wild type (WT) mitochondria. Decreased respiration was associated with increased complex I glutathionylation diminishing its activity. Tissue glucose uptake was concomitantly increased. Mitochondrial ATP output and complex I activity could be recovered …

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Altered Entrainment To The Day/Night Cycle Attenuates The Daily Rise In Circulating Corticosterone In The Mouse, Patricia J. Sollars, Michael J. Weiser, Andrea E. Kudwa, Jayne R. Bramley, Malcolm D. Ogilvie, Robert L. Spencer, Robert J. Handa, Gary E. Pickard Jan 2014

Altered Entrainment To The Day/Night Cycle Attenuates The Daily Rise In Circulating Corticosterone In The Mouse, Patricia J. Sollars, Michael J. Weiser, Andrea E. Kudwa, Jayne R. Bramley, Malcolm D. Ogilvie, Robert L. Spencer, Robert J. Handa, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator entrained to the day/night cycle via input from the retina. Serotonin (5-HT) afferents to the SCN modulate retinal signals via activation of 5-HT1B receptors, decreasing responsiveness to light. Consequently, 5-HT1B receptor knockout (KO) mice entrain to the day/night cycle with delayed activity onsets. Since circulating corticosterone levels exhibit a robust daily rhythm peaking around activity onset, we asked whether delayed entrainment of activity onsets affects rhythmic corticosterone secretion. Wheel-running activity and plasma corticosterone were monitored in mice housed under several different lighting regimens. Both duration of the light:dark cycle (T …

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The Catabolite Control Protein E (Ccpe) Affects Virulence Determinant Production And Pathogenesis Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Torsten Hartmann, Grégory Baronian, Nadine Nippe, Meike Voss, Bettina Schulthess, Christiane Wolz, Janina Eisenbeis, Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen, Rosmarie Gaupp, Cord Sunderkötter, Christoph Beisswenger, Robert Bals, Greg A. Somerville, Mathias Herrmann, Virginie Molle, Markus Bischoff Jan 2014

The Catabolite Control Protein E (Ccpe) Affects Virulence Determinant Production And Pathogenesis Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Torsten Hartmann, Grégory Baronian, Nadine Nippe, Meike Voss, Bettina Schulthess, Christiane Wolz, Janina Eisenbeis, Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen, Rosmarie Gaupp, Cord Sunderkötter, Christoph Beisswenger, Robert Bals, Greg A. Somerville, Mathias Herrmann, Virginie Molle, Markus Bischoff

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Carbon metabolism and virulence determinant production are often linked in pathogenic bacteria, and several regulatory elements have been reported to mediate this linkage in Staphylococcus aureus. Previously, we described a novel protein, catabolite control protein E (CcpE) that functions as a regulator of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Here we demonstrate that CcpE also regulates virulence determinant biosynthesis and pathogenesis. Specifically, deletion of ccpE in S. aureus strain Newman revealed that CcpE affects transcription of virulence factors such as capA, the first gene in the capsule biosynthetic operon; hla, encoding α-toxin; and psmα, encoding the phenol-soluble modulin cluster α. Electrophoretic mobility …

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Sumoylation Differentially Regulates Sp1 To Control Cell Differentiation, Lili Gong, Wei-Ke Ji, Xiao-Hui Hu, Wen-Feng Hu, Xiang-Cheng Tang, Zhao-Xia Huang, Ling Li, Mugen Liu, Shi-Hua Xiang, Erxi Wu, Zachary Woodward, Yi-Zhi Liu, Quan Dong Nguyen, David Wan-Cheng Li Jan 2014

Sumoylation Differentially Regulates Sp1 To Control Cell Differentiation, Lili Gong, Wei-Ke Ji, Xiao-Hui Hu, Wen-Feng Hu, Xiang-Cheng Tang, Zhao-Xia Huang, Ling Li, Mugen Liu, Shi-Hua Xiang, Erxi Wu, Zachary Woodward, Yi-Zhi Liu, Quan Dong Nguyen, David Wan-Cheng Li

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The mammalian small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are actively involved in regulating differentiation of different cell types. However, the functional differences between SUMO isoforms and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Using the ocular lens as a model system, we demonstrate that different SUMOs display distinct functions in regulating differentiation of epithelial cells into fiber cells. During lens differentiation, SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 displayed different expression, localization, and targets, suggesting differential functions. Indeed, overexpression of SUMO2/3, but not SUMO1, inhibited basic (b) FGF-induced cell differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of SUMO1, but not SUMO2/3, also inhibited bFGF action. Mechanistically, specificity protein 1 …

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Protective Humoral Immune Response Induced By An Inactivated Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Expressing The Hypo-Glycosylated Glycoprotein 5, Jung-Ah Lee, Byungjoon Kim, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik, Nak-Hyung Lee, Sang-Won Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song, In-Soo Choi, Joong-Bok Lee Jan 2014

Protective Humoral Immune Response Induced By An Inactivated Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Expressing The Hypo-Glycosylated Glycoprotein 5, Jung-Ah Lee, Byungjoon Kim, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik, Nak-Hyung Lee, Sang-Won Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song, In-Soo Choi, Joong-Bok Lee

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Although inactivated and live vaccines are commercially available for the control of PRRS, both types of vaccine have not always proven successful in terms of generating a protective immune response, particularly in the case of inactivated vaccines. In this study, we tested whether an inactivated vaccine could induce a humoral immune response to PRRS during a homologous challenge. Amino acid substitutions were introduced into glycoprotein (GP) 5 of the FL12 strain of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) using site-directed mutagenesis with a pFL12 infectious clone. The …

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Light Stimulates The Mouse Adrenal Through A Retinohypothalamic Pathway Independent Of An Effect On The Clock In The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Silke Kiessling, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard Jan 2014

Light Stimulates The Mouse Adrenal Through A Retinohypothalamic Pathway Independent Of An Effect On The Clock In The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Silke Kiessling, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The brain’s master circadian pacemaker resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN clock neurons are entrained to the day/night cycle via the retinohypothalamic tract and the SCN provides temporal information to the central nervous system and to peripheral organs that function as secondary oscillators. The SCN clock-cell network is thought to be the hypothalamic link between the retina and descending autonomic circuits to peripheral organs such as the adrenal gland, thereby entraining those organs to the day/night cycle. However, there are at least three different routes or mechanisms by which retinal signals transmitted to the hypothalamus may be conveyed …

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Moraxella Spp. Isolated From Field Outbreaks Of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: A Retrospective Study Of Case Submissions From 2010 To 2013, John Dustin Loy, Bruce W. Brodersen Jan 2014

Moraxella Spp. Isolated From Field Outbreaks Of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: A Retrospective Study Of Case Submissions From 2010 To 2013, John Dustin Loy, Bruce W. Brodersen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is the most costly eye disease of cattle. The principal etiologic agent of IBK is the Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovis. However, there have been reports of IBK outbreaks associated with Moraxella bovoculi. A retrospective study of IBK diagnostic cases submitted from July 1, 2010, through October 31, 2013, was conducted. Included in the study were 1,042 Moraxella isolates from 1,538 swabs of lacrimal secretions collected from 282 herds from 30 U.S. states. Moraxella isolates were identified to the species level and were composed of M. bovoculi (701 isolates), M. bovis …

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In Situ Detection Of Autoreactive Cd4 T Cells In Brain And Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Ting Jia, Christian Elowsky, Qingsheng Li, You Zhou, Jay Reddy Jan 2014

In Situ Detection Of Autoreactive Cd4 T Cells In Brain And Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Ting Jia, Christian Elowsky, Qingsheng Li, You Zhou, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice and cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice. Two sets of cocktails of dextramer reagents were used, where dextramers+ cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): EAE, IAs/PLP 139-151 dextramers (specific)/anti- CD4 and IAs/Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70-86 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4; and EAM, IAk/Myhc 334-352 dextramers/ anti-CD4 and IAk/bovine ribonuclease (RNase) 43-56 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4. LSCM analysis of …

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