Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Dexmedetomidine On Preventing/Decreasing Severity Of Delirium When Given To Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Control Trials, Lindsey Hettish

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this systematic review was to integrate research evidence from studies published from 2010 to 2020 on the relationship between administration of dexmedetomidine and severity/prevalence of postprocedural delirium in patients in the surgical intensive care unit. In this review, clinical trial studies were recovered by searching the MEDLINE Complete and PubMed databases and utilizing MeSH terminology search. The MeSH terms utilized to search for applicable articles on PubMed included: “intensive care units” or “critical care” or “critical care nursing”, and “delirium”, “dexmedetomidine”, and “surgical procedures, operative”. On MEDLINE Complete, the search terms utilized were “ICU or intensive care …

Compounded Gabapentin For Felines: Associated Metabolic Processes And Analysis Of Potency, Johnny Altwal

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Pharmaceutical compounding provides pharmacists and clinicians the opportunity to create unique drug formulations that are better suited to a specific patient’s needs. This is especially prevalent in veterinary medicine where clinicians treat a variety of maladies in a large number of species, thereby requiring unique formulations to more easily deliver drugs to animals. Several examples of compounded veterinary formulations with sub-therapeutic potencies have been published, but none examine compounded gabapentin. Gabapentin is frequently compounded into an oral suspension for veterinary use from tablets or capsules for the purpose of pain management in felines and other small animals. The project’s goals …

Implementation Of The Cognitive Apprenticeship Model For Enhancement Of Advanced Searching Skills In A Pharmacy Academia Rotation: Appendices 1-4, Hilary Jasmin Msis, Kenneth Hohmeier Pharmd, Christina Spivey Pharmd, Phd

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Adverse Drug Reactions In Congestive Heart Failure Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Dita Marina Lupitaningrum, Putri Ramdaniah, Depi Yuliana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a progressive health problem with high mortality and morbidity and has the potential to develop adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of potential ADRs, the types of drugs that cause ADRs, the types of ADRs, and the risk factors that affect the ADRs in CHF patients. Data were collected using medical record of hospitalized patient at the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Provincial Hospital, Indonesia, in 2017 to 2019. The assessment of the causality and severity of ADRs used the Naranjo algorithm and the Hartwig and Siegel scale. This study …

Comprehensive In Silico Analysis Of Christinin Molecular Behaviour From Ziziphus Spina-Christi Leaves On Propionibacterium Acnes, Fitrianti Darusman, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The role of in silico studies in the discovery of new drugs is very important and interesting in the recent years, where the results can be used as confirmation of the results of in vitro tests carried out experimentally in the laboratory. One of the herbal ingredients is Ziziphus spina-christi leaves with effective antibacterial activity, such as for acne-causing bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes. This is because it contains main secondary metabolites with saponins as the major components which contain christinin as its active compound. There are four known types of christinin, namely christinin-A, christinin-B, christinin-C, and christinin-D. In this …

A Review: Composition Of Neonatal Meconium Microbiota And Its Role For Potential Probiotic, Devi Oktaviyani, Raden Zulfa 'Alawiyyah, Putri Nusaiba, Amarila Malik

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Early-life period (≤ 1 month after birth) is critical for determining long- and short-term health of neonates. Composition of neonates’ gut microbiota varies greatly between individuals whose development is influenced by various factors including differences in maternal diet and lifestyle during pregnancy, related to population and ethnicity. Balanced microbial composition can create symbiosis among commensal microbes, immunomodulatory compound production, and subsequent immune response regulation. Unbalanced microbiota composition, characterized by more pathogenic organism, less diversity, and less resistance to disease, is called dysbiosis. Probiotic bacteria are a bacteria group contributing to the balance of neonates’ gut microbiota. Probiotic bacterial strains, such …

Interpersonal Relationship And Its Effect On Treatment Compliance In Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fransiskus Samuel Renaldi, Woro Riyadina, Muhammad Qamar, Rani Sauriasari

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Type-2 diabetes mellitus has become a chronic disease that can lead to serious complications and can only be prevented by compliant treatment of the patients. Compliance can be influenced by various factors, one of which is interpersonal factors. This study aimed to identify various interpersonal relationship problems between patients and healthcare workers that can affect their treatment compliance behavior. This study employed a qualitative design with phenomenological methods. This research was conducted in Central Bogor City in March-August 2020. The data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 20 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients who had been confirmed by the Community …

Drug Repurposing And Dosage Form Development Of Anti-Covid-19, Kevin Kwok

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has been occurring approximately for more than 1 year. This pandemic has been a health issue that hits all countries in the world caused by the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from one individual to another. The symptoms showed from the infected are fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache, and sore throat, among others. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted through sneezing, coughing, talking, and touching infected objects. Along with this transmission, the SARS-CoV-2 virus will continue to mutate. This mutation becomes an obstacle as well as a challenge to find drugs that can overcome the SARS-CoV-2 virus …

Preliminary Characterization, Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Properties Of Polysaccharide From Caulerpa Taxifolia, Ariane Marie Bayro, Joanne Katherine Manlusoc, Renaliza Alonte, Catherine Caniel, Patrick Conde, Carlo Embralino

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Macroalgae are abundant sources of bioactive polysaccharides and prospective candidates for effective and non-toxic substances. This study aims to preliminary characterize and determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell (A549) of the polysaccharide from an invasive green alga, Caulerpa taxifolia. Crude polysaccharide (CP) was extracted from the dried algal sample of C. taxifolia by hot water extraction followed by absolute ethanol precipitation. CP was subjected to preliminary chemical characterization, including protein, carbohydrate, and sulfate content analysis by Kjeldahl titrimetry, acid hydrolysis, gravimetry, and ashing-acid water digestion ion chromatography, respectively. …

Ciliary Extracellular Vesicles Are Distinct From The Cytosolic Extracellular Vesicles, Ashraf M. Mohieldin, Rajasekharreddy Pala, Richard Beuttler, James J. Moresco, John R. Yates Iii, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular space. EVs encapsulate key proteins and mediate intercellular signalling pathways. Recently, primary cilia have been shown to release EVs under fluid‐shear flow, but many proteins encapsulated in these vesicles have never been identified. Primary cilia are ubiquitous mechanosensory organelles that protrude from the apical surface of almost all human cells. Primary cilia also serve as compartments for signalling pathways, and their defects have been associated with a wide range of human genetic diseases called ciliopathies. To better understand the mechanism of ciliopathies, it is imperative to know …

Suppression Of Human Coronavirus 229e Infection In Lung Fibroblast Cells Via Rna Interference, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Jennifer Totonchy, Parvin Mahdipoor, Keykavous Parang, Hasan Uludağ

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Despite extensive efforts to repurpose approved drugs, discover new small molecules, and develop vaccines, COVID-19 pandemic is still claiming victims around the world. The current arsenal of antiviral compounds did not perform well in the past viral infections (e.g., SARS), which casts a shadow of doubt for use against the new SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines should offer the ultimate protection; however, there is limited information about the longevity of the generated immunity and the protection against possible mutations. This study uses Human Coronavirus 229E as a model coronavirus to test the hypothesis that effective delivery of virus-specific siRNAs to infected cells will …

Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Continues Despite Biallelic Thyroglobulin Mutation With Cell Death, Xiaohan Zhang, Aaron P. Kellogg, Cintia E. Citterio, Hao Zhang, Dennis Larkin, Yoshiaki Morishita, Héctor M. Targovnik, Viviana A. Balbi, Peter Arvan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Complete absence of thyroid hormone is incompatible with life in vertebrates. Thyroxine is synthesized within thyroid follicles upon iodination of thyroglobulin conveyed from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), via the Golgi complex, to the extracellular follicular lumen. In congenital hypothyroidism from biallelic thyroglobulin mutation, thyroglobulin is misfolded and cannot advance from the ER, eliminating its secretion and triggering ER stress. Nevertheless, untreated patients somehow continue to synthesize sufficient thyroxine to yield measurable serum levels that sustain life. Here, we demonstrate that TGW2346R/W2346R humans, TGcog/cog mice, and TGrdw/rdw rats exhibited no detectable ER export of thyroglobulin, accompanied by severe …

Improving Cough And Cold Otc Medication Use For Children In Hardin County, Kelly M. Kern, Molly Lipson

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Background: Ohio struggles with high infant mortality rates. This project was designed to combat incorrect use of cough and cold over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Parents or caregivers, especially those with low health literacy, often use these medications incorrectly in infants, sometimes leading to a fatal outcome.

Methods: Utilizing a three-pronged approach, this IRB-approved project addresses the issue of incorrect cough and cold OTC medications use for infants in Hardin County. Passive education was provided to community members via social media/flyers, educational interventions were performed with community members (virtual or in-person), and continuing professional development (CPD) was provided to pharmacists and pharmacy …

Classification Of Student Developed Annual Goals, Han Pham, John Mullin

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Objective: This study categorizes goals (personal vs professional and long vs short-term) of student pharmacists. An increase in the proportion of long-term, professional goals is expected as students advance through the program.

Methods: Annual student goals were classified into categories (personal vs professional and long vs short term). Definitions were developed and a beta-test was conducted to confirm interpretations were consistent between raters. Multiple one-tail Z-tests with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the proportion of personal/professional and short-term/long-term goals for P1 students to the proportion of each of the classes of P2-P5 for the years of 2018 and 2019, …

Implementation Of A Clinical Journal Club To Improve Student Knowledge, Christian J. Stang

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Evidence-based medicine is a crucial component of pharmacy practice that is utilized to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients. It is a concept that ensures clinical guidelines are constantly analyzed for quality improvement with therapeutic practices enhanced for the highest standards for patient care. At the heart of incorporating evidence-based medicine is literature review and analysis, a practice conducted not only by healthcare professionals but also students in healthcare programs. The implementation of literature review into these healthcare programs better prepares students to critically evaluate and review medical literature with the ultimate purpose to improve patient care in their …

Honors Capstone: Healthcare Disparities In Pharmacy Curriculum, Molly Ryan

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Due to the prevalence of disparities within the United States healthcare system, this Honors Program Pharmacy Capstone project is filling the opportunity to enhance the curriculum. The project is focused on improving the educational opportunities for the Raabe College of Pharmacy related to health disparities relevant to the profession of pharmacy. This information will include the history of healthcare abuses to minority groups throughout United States history. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy includes academic goals for pharmacy curricula regarding health disparities. The pharmacy accreditation body (ACPE) sets standards that include educating student pharmacists about health disparities. Congruent with …

Usefulness Of Circulating Tumor Dna In Identifying Somatic Mutations And Tracking Tumor Evolution In Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Moom R. Roosan, Isa Mambetsariev, Rebecca Pharaon, Jeremy Fricke, Hatim Husain, Karen L. Reckamp, Marianna Koczywas, Erminia Massarelli, Andrea H. Bild, Ravi Salgia

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

The usefulness of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in detecting mutations and monitoring treatment response has not been well studied beyond a few actionable biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Research Question

How does the usefulness of ctDNA analysis compare with that of solid tumor biopsy analysis in patients with NSCLC?

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 370 adult patients with NSCLC treated at the City of Hope between November 2015 and August 2019 to assess the usefulness of ctDNA in mutation identification, survival, concordance with matched tissue samples in 32 genes, and tumor evolution.

Results

A total of 1,688 somatic …

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring To Improve Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review Of International Guideline Recommendations, John Andraos, Luma Munjy, Michael S. Kelly

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a convenient way to assess out-of-office blood pressure control and is recommended by numerous international guidelines to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of essential hypertension. Although available guidelines recommend the use of HBPM in patients receiving antihypertensive medication, their specific recommendations regarding optimal monitoring schedule, duration, and clinician interpretation of home blood pressure readings may differ among guidelines. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review available international hypertension guideline recommendations related to the use of HBPM to improve hypertension control among patients receiving antihypertensive therapy. We also briefly highlight …

S12: Assessing Ambulatory Care Pharmacist Interest In Scholarly Activities, Christopher O. Hernandez

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

O4: Using Principles Of Continuous Improvement To Impact Hospital Consumer Assessment Of Healthcare Providers And Systems (Hcahps) Scores Through Pharmacy-Driven Interventions, Brittany Harnicher, Bertha Castrellon, Dongkoo Khang, Monique Gurney, Rick Carlson

Annual Research Symposium

Purpose

Intermountain Healthcare’s operating model is one of continuous improvement. This model was used to identify barriers and develop pharmacy-driven interventions to improve the communication about medicines domain scores within the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. This survey offers objective and meaningful information that is important for consumers and creates incentives for hospitals to improve quality of care. This study took place at Riverton Hospital, a 97-bed community hospital that is part of the Intermountain Healthcare system in Utah.

Methods

We reported scores from the surveys between January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020. Our …

Effect Of Free Trade Agreements On Pharmaceutical Market Competition: The Case Of The 2009 Us-Peru Free Trade Agreement And Its Implementation As National Drug Policy, Lita Araujo, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Michael Montagne

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Free Trade Agreements (FTA) are controversial for threatening essential aspects of health, especially access to affordable medicines. The US-Peru FTA required changes in the Peruvian pharmaceutical legislation that resulted in the implementation of the National Drug Policy (NDP) of 2009. The NDP included more robust technical requirements for registration, a Peruvian Good Manufacturing Practices certificate, a longer timeline for drug registration, and an increase in registration fees. This study evaluated the impact of the FTA on the number of registrations and competition in the Peruvian pharmaceutical market.

Data for the period January 2005 to April 2014 were provided by the …

Effects Of Strong Oxidants Present In Acer Spp. On Hemolysis Methemoglobin Production In Equine Erythrocytes, Gabrielle Mcgeorge, Jeffrey Lehman

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Maple toxicosis is a deadly condition affecting equines after they have ingested wilted leaves of the genus Acer (i.e., maple species). It is characterized by hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Although the toxins responsible for causing toxicosis have not been identified, they are thought to be strong oxidants. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of eight compounds (galloyl derivatives) found in Acer spp. on hemolysis and methemoglobin production in bioassays with equine erythrocytes. Seven of the compounds are known constituents of Acer spp. that are commercially available. One of the compounds--acertannin--was isolated and characterized from leaf extracts …

Analysis Of Gabapentinoids Abuse-Reports In The Middle East And North Africa Region Utilizing The Food And Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, Mona Yaser Alsheikh, Ali Mofleh Alshahrani, Reem Dhayan Almutairi, Hana Abdulmohsen Althobaiti, Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Moudi Mubarak Alasmari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify abuse-related post-marketing reports associated with gabapentinoids use in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of abuse-related adverse drug event (ADE) reports from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It was performed using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 2008 through June 2020. Abuserelated ADE reports for gabapentin and pregabalin were extracted from the FAERS database. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was calculated to detect disproportional attribution of abuse-related ADEs …

Predisposing, Enabling, And Need Factors Associated With The Choice Of Pharmacy Type In The Us: Findings From The 2015/2016 National Consumer Survey On The Medication Experience And Pharmacists’ Roles, Mohamed Rashrash, Suhila Sawesi, Jon C. Schommer, Lawrence M. Brown

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Knowing the type of pharmacy used by the patient is meaningful to the pharmacist. Previous studies have assessed different factors predicting the kind of pharmacy selection and reached inconsistent findings. Objectives: To identify patient and health-related factors associated with pharmacy type selection. Methods: The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Service Use was used to organize the selection of patient characteristics and categorize them as predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The dependent variable was the type of pharmacy used. Logistic regression was used to predict the association between patient-related characteristics and the type of pharmacy used. Results: Older age respondents …

Drug-Drug Interactions In Subjects Enrolled In Swog Trials Of Oral Chemotherapy, Lauren A. Marcath, Colin M. Finley, Siu Fun Wong, Daniel L. Hertz

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI), which can increase treatment toxicity or decrease efficacy. It is especially important to thoroughly screen DDI in oncology clinical trial subjects to ensure trial subject safety and data accuracy. This study determined the prevalence of potential DDI involving oral anti-cancer trial agents in subjects enrolled in two SWOG clinical trials.

Methods

Completed SWOG clinical trials of commercially available agents with possible DDI that had complete concomitant medication information available at enrollment were included. Screening for DDI was conducted through three methods: protocol-guided screening, Lexicomp® screening, and pharmacist determination …

Data For "Subtype-Selective Positive Modulation Of Sk Channels Depends On The Ha/Hb Helices", Miao Zhang, Meng Cui

Pharmacy Faculty Data Sets

In the activated state of small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium (SK) channels, calmodulin interacts with the HA/HB helices and the S4-S5 linker. CyPPA potentiates SK2a and SK3 channel activity but not the SK1 and IK subtypes. Here, we report that the subtype-selectivity of CyPPA relies on the HA/HB helices. Mutating residues in the HA (V420) and HB (K467) helices of SK2a channels to their equivalent residues in IK channels diminished the potency of CyPPA. CyPPA elicited prominent responses on mutant IK channels with an arginine residue in the HB helix substituted for its equivalent lysine residue in the SK2a channels …

Categorization Of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based On Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach For Their Use, Avani Kathuria, Kiumars Shamloo, Vishal Jhanji, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tear formulations contain a variety of active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and preservatives. Many of these formulations are also available as preservative-free. This study was conducted to inspect artificial tear formulations currently marketed in the United States for their active ingredients, biologically relevant excipients, and preservatives. The marketed artificial tears were examined at various US retail pharmacy chains and using the manufacturers’ website to compile information about active ingredients, inactive ingredients, and …

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (Ndma) Contamination Of Ranitidine Products: A Review Of Recent Findings, Fahad S. Aldawsari, Yahya M. Alshehri, Thamer S. Alghamdi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ranitidine is a medication that has been used to alleviate heartburn and other disorders for over 40 years. Following reports of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) contamination in ranitidine products, there have been many recalls and registration suspensions. Here, we revise the literature information confirming ranitidine association with NDMA. Then, we highlight the documented mechanisms for NDMA release from ranitidine. In addition, the stability issue for this medicine is discussed. After that, we review and discuss the results of the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration laboratory testing of ranitidine products and the detected NDMA levels. Finally, …

Nanomaterials As Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics, Rajasekharreddy Pala, Subhaswaraj Pattnaik, Siddhardha Busi, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions associated with heart and blood vessels and are considered the leading cause of death globally. Coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction represents the CVDs. Since CVDs are associated with a series of pathophysiological conditions with an alarming mortality and morbidity rate, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approaches are critical for saving patients’ lives. Conventionally, diagnostic tools are employed to detect disease conditions, whereas therapeutic drug candidates are administered to mitigate diseases. However, the advent of nanotechnological platforms has revolutionized the current understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutic measures. The concept of combinatorial therapy …

Evaluating Opioid Dispensing Rates Among Pediatrics And Young Adults Based On Cures Data Reporting In California From 2015–2019, Michael T. Phan, Courtney Wong, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Zeev N. Kain, Brooke Jenkins, Candice D. Donaldson, Michelle Fortier, Sun Yang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Receipt of opioid prescriptions in pediatric and young adult patients may be a risk factor for future opioid misuse. Data from prescription drug monitoring programs provide insight on outpatient opioid use. In our study, we analyzed the opioid dispensing rates for pediatrics and young adults in California. Methods

A secondary analysis was performed from 2015–2019 using Controlled Utilization Review and Evaluation System data. This database provides dispensing data of controlled substances in California. Patients younger than 25 years who were prescribed opiates were analyzed by county. We further divided them into two groups (children: ≤14 years; adolescents and young …