Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Uji Penghambatan Aktivitas Alfa-Glukosidase Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Daun Antidesma Neurocarpum Miq., Rieka Widihasputri, Berna Elya, Azizahwati Azizahwati

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic dysfunction disease showed by hyperglicemia and abnormality of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism. It is known can be cured with a-glucosidase inhibitor. Previous experiment reported that methanol extract from leaves of Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. has a strong inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase (IC50 = 2,18 mikrogram/mL). The aim of this experiment was to know about the most active extract and fraction of inhibitory activity of a-glycosidase and also the chemical compounds from those most active extract and fraction. Extraction is done by using multilevel maceration (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). Inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase tested with …

Efek Antidiabetes Dan Identifikasi Senyawa Dominan Fraksi Kloroform Herba Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L.), Sediarso Sediarso, Hadi Sunaryo, Nurul Amalia

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Antidiabetic activity of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) herb has been widely observed, as an extracts and infusions, proven to reduce blood sugar levels in rats or mice induced by alloxan. The research objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect and identify the content of the chloroform fraction ciplukan herb eluated with methanol-ammonia. Antidiabetic effects testing conducted using 30 male white mice (Mus musculus) ddY strain were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 5 mice. K-1 is a negative control induced by alloxan, K-2, K-3 and K-4 induced by alloxan and treated with the test substance dose of 50 mg/kg …

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia Linn.) Terhadap Glibenklamid Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih Jantan Yang Dibuat Diabetes, Santi Purna Sari, Abdul Munim, Sri Wulandah Fitriani

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Drug interactions can occur in the use of two or more drugs simultaneously, including the use of synthetic drug with herbal medicine. Combination of glibenclamide with noni juice (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) often used by diabetic patient to decrease their blood glucose level. lhe aim of this research was to know the interaction between glibenclamide and noni juice administration on blood glucose level. This research used 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats which were divided into 6 groups. Before the experiment, the rats were first induced by alloxan, except group 1, which was the normal control. Group 2 was the control of diabetic …

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (Pk/Pd) Modeling Of Anti-Neoplastic Agents, Daniel Lexcen, Ahmed H. Salem, Walid F. Elkhatib, Virginia Haynes, Ayman Noreddin

Pharmacy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Development of tumor resistance to chemotherapeutics is related to inherent tumor variations regarding sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and to sub-optimal dosing regimens, including variation in patient pharmacokinetics that result in suboptimal exposure of tumor cells to anti-neoplastic drugs [1, 2]. The rate and extent of drug efficacy depends on the extent of drug exposure at the tumor site and the time above the effective concentration [3]. In vitro models that incorporate these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) principles to optimize therapeutic response may be considered the method of choice for optimizing dosing schedules before translating data from static assays to animals and …

Application Of Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (Pk/Pd) In Designing Effective Antibiotic Treatment Regimens, Ghada F. Ahmed, Ayman Noreddin

Pharmacy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Designing antibiotic dosing regimens is often not optimal and the dose-response relationship for most antibiotics is not well-known1. Both Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) are characteristics of antimicrobial agents that should be considered in the development of effective antibiotic therapy. By linking the concentration time profile at the site of action to the drug effect (PK/PD), the effect of varying dosage regimens against pathogens could be simulated enabling the identification of effective dosage strategies. It is known that inadequate antibiotic dosing could not only lead to a therapeutic failure, but also to the development of bacterial resistance. Importantly, the evolution …

Bigpic: Bridging Income Generation With Provision Of Incentives For Care, Sonak Pastakia

Changing World Conference

No abstract provided.

Pharmacists And Pharmacogenomics: An Evaluation Of Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes And Practices, Laressa Bethishou, Angela Chen, Chrissie Chew, Richard Dang, Courtney Greenber, Rebecca Ashlee Klevens, Vlada Treynker, Andrew Warnock, Melissa Durham, Jeffery A. Goad, Edith Mirzaian

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Pharmacogenomics is the term used to describe the rapidly advancing study on how genetic makeup can impact drug therapy. In specialized clinical situations, such as the use of irinotecan in colon cancer or abacavir in HIV infections, it is now possible to identify specific genotypes that correlate strongly with a patient's therapeutic outcome, with implications on both efficacy and side effects. On a broader scale, a systematic review published by the Journal of the American Medical Association on the top 27 adverse reaction-causing drugs found that a majority of the adverse effects have a genetic component, suggesting that an analysis …

Molecular Staging Individualizing Cancer Management, Alex Mejia, Stephanie Schulz, Terry Hyslop, David S. Weinberg, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Although the most important prognostic and predictive marker in colorectal cancer is tumor cells in lymph nodes, ∼30% of patients who are node-negative die from occult metastases. Molecular staging employing specific markers and sensitive detection technologies has emerged as a powerful platform to assess prognosis in node-negative colon cancer. Integrating molecular staging into algorithms that individualize patient management will require validation and the definition of relationships between occult tumor cells, prognosis, and responses to chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:468-474. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Inhibition Of Adhesion And Invasion Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa To Lung Epithelial Cells: A Model Of Cystic Fibrosis Infection, Ayman Noreddin, Ghada Sawy, Walid Elkhatib, Ehab Noreddin, Atef Shibl

Pharmacy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Over their life time, CF patients experience multiple infections by various pneumoniacausing bacteria [6]. With more patients surviving to adulthood, chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are coming to the forefront as a leading cause of death [7]. Problems presented by infected CF lung are multi-dimensional; the electrolyte balance and pH of the fluids are abnormal. The mucus is thick and of an alternative composition compared to normal lung and may contribute to colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2, 3, 5]. As such, research is multi-pronged and includes gene therapy to correct the defective protein, amelioration of inflammatory response and thinning of …

Ginkgo Extract Egb761 Confers Neuroprotection By Reduction Of Glutamate Release In Ischemic Brain, Alexander Mdzinarishvili, Rachita K. Sumbria, Dorothee Lang, Jochen Klein

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose - Ginkgo extract EGb761 has shown anti-edema and anti-ischemic effects in various experimental models. In the present study, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of EGb761 in experimental stroke while monitoring brain metabolism by microdialysis. Methods - We have used oxygen-glucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo to induce ischemia in mouse brain. We used microdialysis in mouse striatum to monitor extracellular concentrations of glucose and glutamate. Results - In vitro, EGb761 reduced ischemia-induced cell swelling in hippocampal slices by 60%. In vivo, administration of EGb761 (300 mg/kg) reduced cell degeneration and edema …

Synthetic Peptides Derived From The Sequence Of A Lasso Peptide Microcin J25 Show Antibacterial Activity, Rania Soudy, Liru Wang, Kamaljit Kaur

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is a plasmid-encoded, ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptide with a unique lasso structure. The lasso structure, produced with the aid of two processing enzymes, provides exceptional stability to MccJ25. We report the synthesis of six peptides (1–6), derived from the MccJ25 sequence, that are designed to form folded conformation by disulfide bond formation and electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. Two peptides (1 and 6) display good activity against Salmonella newport, and are the first synthetic derivatives of MccJ25 that are bactericidal. Peptide 1 displays potent activity against several Salmonella strains including two …

Vorinostat: A Potent Agent To Prevent And Treat Laser-Induced Corneal Haze, Ashish Tandon, Jonathan C. K. Tovey, Michael R. Waggoner, Ajay Sharma, John W. Cowden, Daniel J. Gibson, Yuanjing Liu, Gregory S. Schultz, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

PURPOSE—This study investigated the efficacy and safety of vorinostat, a deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in the treatment of laser-induced corneal haze following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in rabbits in vivo and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) -induced corneal fibrosis in vitro.

METHODS—Corneal haze in rabbits was produced with −9.00 diopters (D) PRK. Fibrosis in cultured human and rabbit corneal fibroblasts was activated with TGFβ1. Vorinostat (25 μm) was topically applied once for 5 minutes on rabbit cornea immediately after PRK for in vivo studies. Vorinostat (0 to 25 μm) was given to human/rabbit corneal fibroblasts for 5 minutes or 48 …

Effects Of Simulations On The Learning Of Pharmacokinetic Concepts, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Although the use of computer simulations in pharmacokinetics courses is not new, the data on the effects of simulation on student learning are scarce. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate the use of Web-based simulations on the learning of pharmacokinetic concepts by doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students.

Method: Six online modules were designed to allow the instructor and students to use “what-if” scenarios for understanding the effects of various dosage regimens and/or pharmacokinetic parameters on the plasma concentration-time courses of drugs. The designed modules were intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic concepts, bioavailability, intravenous infusion, …

Providers' And Key Opinion Leaders' Attitudes, Beliefs, And Practices Regarding Emergency Contraception In Nigeria, Babatunde A.O. Ahonsi, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Araoyinbo Idowu, Ayodeji Oginni

Reproductive Health

Despite significant progress in product development, procurement, and distribution in the past few decades, emergency contraception’s (EC) capacity to benefit many women in countries such as Nigeria is hampered by a number of potential barriers, that are not well understood. The Population Council, with support from the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception, documented EC-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among providers in Nigeria as well as perceptions of key opinion leaders who help shape the policy environment for EC and family planning in general. Findings suggest significant gaps in Nigeria, potentially necessitating continuous training and re-training to help dispel misperceptions and …

Melatonin Membrane Receptors In Peripheral Tissues: Distribution And Functions, Radomir M. Slominski, Russel J. Reiter, Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevich, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Andrzej T. Slominski

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Many of melatonin’s actions are mediated through interaction with the G-protein coupled membrane bound melatonin receptors type 1 and type 2 (MT1 and MT2, respectively) or, indirectly with nuclear orphan receptors from the RORα/RZR family. Melatonin also binds to the quinone reductase II enzyme, previously defined the MT3 receptor. Melatonin receptors are widely distributed in the body; herein we summarize their expression and actions in non-neural tissues. Several controversies still exist regarding, for example, whether melatonin binds the RORα/RZR family. Studies of the peripheral distribution of melatonin receptors are important since they are attractive targets for immunomodulation, regulation of endocrine, …

Gene Therapy In The Cornea: 2005--Present, Rajiv R. Mohan, Jonathan C. K. Tovey, Ajay Sharma, Ashish Tandon

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Successful restoration of vision in human patients with gene therapy affirmed its promise to cure ocular diseases and disorders. The efficacy of gene therapy is contingent upon vector and mode of therapeutic DNA introduction into targeted cells/tissues. The cornea is an ideal tissue for gene therapy due to its ease of access and relative immune-privilege. Considerable progress has been made in the field of corneal gene therapy in last 5 years. Several new gene transfer vectors, techniques and approaches have evolved. Although corneal gene therapy is still in its early stages of development, the potential of gene-based interventions to treat …

Cytomegalovirus Cc Chemokine Promotes Immune Cell Migration, Jennifer Totonchy, Michael Denton, Craig N. Kreklywich, Takeshi Andoh, Jessica M. Osborn, Daniel Chen, Ilhem Messaoudi, Susan L. Orloff, Daniel N. Streblow

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Cytomegaloviruses manipulate the host chemokine/receptor axis by altering cellular chemokine expression and by encoding multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors. Similar to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) encodes multiple CC chemokine-analogous proteins, including r129 (HCMV UL128 homologue) and r131 (HCMV UL130 and MCMV m129/130 homologues). Although these proteins play a role in CMV entry, their function as chemotactic cytokines remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the role of the RCMV chemokine r129 in promoting cellular migration and in accelerating transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) in our rat heart transplant model. We determined that r129 protein is released into culture …

Confounding Issues In Estimation Of Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetic Parameters And Dosage Individualization Of Aminoglycosides, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually administered by multiple short intravenous infusions at fixed intervals. Today, equations reported 35 years ago by Sawchuk and Zaske are still the cornerstone of methods used for determination of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters of aminoglycosides and individualization of drug dosage regimens in many clinical settings. Additionally, these methods are included in many clinical pharmacology curricula in pharmacy and other related fields. However, there are a few issues with regard to the application and/or modification of this method in clinical settings, which may result in some confusion among novice clinicians. For example, serum samples collected from different intervals …

What Evidence Is Available On Apixaban For The Primary Prevention Of Stroke In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation?, Justin Dang, Laura Tsu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This drug information question and answer sheet discusses the use of apixaban (Eliquis) for the primary prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Anti-Platelet Therapy In Acute Coronary Syndromes: Updates In Therapy After Stent Implantation, Ryan Mckenzie, Andrew Park, Laura Tsu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This home-study CPE activity has been developed to educate pharmacists on updates in anti-platelet therapy after stent implantation.

Choreographing The Adenylyl Cyclase Signalosome: Sorting Out The Partners And The Steps, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Amy S. Bogard, Robert Gros

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Adenylyl cyclases are a ubiquitous family of enzymes and are critical regulators of metabolic and cardiovascular function. Multiple isoforms of the enzyme are expressed in a range of tissues. However, for many processes, the adenylyl cyclase isoforms have been thought of as essentially interchangeable, with their impact more dependent on their common actions to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate content regardless of the isoform involved. It has long been appreciated that each subfamily of isoforms demonstrate a specific pattern of “upstream” regulation, i.e., specific patterns of ion dependence (e.g., calcium-dependence) and specific patterns of regulation by kinases (protein kinase A …

Kshv Infection Of Endothelial Cells Manipulates Cxcr7-Mediated Signaling: Implications For Kaposi’S Sarcoma Progression And Intervention, Jennifer Totonchy, Lisa Clepper, Janet Douglas, Liron Pantanowitz, Klaus Fruh, Ashlee V. Moses

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"CXCR7 was recently characterized as an alternative receptor for the chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1, previously thought to bind and signal exclusively through CXCR4.We recently identified CXCR7 as a key cellular factor in the endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction associated with KSHV infection. CXCL12 signaling is critically associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in several diverse tumors and is one of the most studied chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in cancer systems. The tumorigenic activity of the CXCL12 signaling axis offers an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in multiple cancers including Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS). However, most of the research to date was based on the …

Influence Of Oncotype Dx® On Chemotherapy Prescribing In Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A Claims-Based Evaluation Of Utilization In The Real World, Kenneth Neil Kennedy

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The decision for adjuvant therapy in women with early stage breast cancer (ESBC) has historically been guided by the presence or absence of specific biological markers (hormone and HER2 receptors), age, and extent of nodal involvement. Oncotype DX® is a validated assay that quantifies protein expression that can predict the risk of cancer recurrence. This study evaluates if the use of Oncotype DX® impacts chemotherapy prescribing in ESBC. This retrospective, cohort study identified patients with ESBC from a large commercially insured population from January 2007 through June 2009. Patients were identified as having ESBC by utilizing procedure and diagnosis codes …

Nanocrystals Of Chemotherapeutic Agents For Cancer Theranostics: Development And In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation, Christin P. Hollis

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The majority of pharmacologically active chemotherapeutics are poorly water soluble. Solubilization enhancement by the utilization of organic solvents often leads to adverse side effects. Nanoparticle-based cancer therapy, which is passively targeted to the tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, has been vastly developed in recent years. Nanocrystals, which exist as crystalline and carry nearly 100% drug loading, has been explored for delivering antineoplastic agents. Additionally, the hybrid nanocrystal concept offers a novel and simple way to integrate imaging agents into the drug crystals, enabling the achievement of theranostics. The overall objective of this dissertation is to formulate …

Attenuation Of Corneal Myofibroblast Development Through Nanoparticle-Mediated Soluble Transforming Growth Factor-Β Type Ii Receptor (Stgfβrii) Gene Transfer, Ajay Sharma, Jason T. Rodier, Ashish Tandon, Alexander M. Klibanov, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: To explore (i) the potential of polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA nanoparticles as a vector for delivering genes into human corneal fibroblasts, and (ii) whether the nanoparticle-mediated soluble extracellular domain of the transforming growth factor–β type II receptor (sTGFβRII) gene therapy could be used to reduce myofibroblasts and fibrosis in the cornea using an in vitro model.

Methods: PEI-DNA nanoparticles were prepared at a nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio of 30 by mixing linear PEI and a plasmid encoding sTGFβRII conjugated to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of human immunoglobulin. The PEI-DNA polyplex formation was confirmed through gel retardation assay. Human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) were …

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Akar Kucing (Acalypha Indica Linn.) Dengan Ekstrak Etanol 70% Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Tikus Putih, Anita Ayu Dwi Ajie Saputri, Juheini Amin, Azizahwati Azizahwati

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Hyperuricemia treatment can be given roots of Acalypha indica Linn. Combined with red ginger plant (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as anti-inflammatory drug. This study aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extract the roots of Acalypha indica Linn. with 70%ethanol extract of rhizome of Red Ginger from the decrease in blood uric acid levels of male rats made hiperurisemia by potassium oxonate. There were 35 male white rats of Sprague Dawley strain weighing 180 g to 200 gs were divided into seven groups. Three groups were given a combination of extract, consist of a fixed dose 5.4 g/200 g bb of …

Optimasi Kecepatan Disintegrasi Tablet Terdisintegrasi Cepat (Fast Disintegrating Tablet) Domperidon Dengan Superdisintegran Sodium Starch Glycolate, Imam Prabowo, Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Fast disintegrating tablet is one of advanced pharmaceutical technologies. Fast disintegrating tablets is a tablet when placed on the tongue will be instantly disintegrated and releases the drug with the help of saliva. This technology can solve the problem of using oral drug in patients such as pediatrics, geriatrics or in circumstances where the patient can not swallow tablets conventionally with the help of water. The purpose of this study was to optimize the speed of disintegration in fast disintegrating tablet formulations both with varying concentrations of sodium starch glycolate. Optimization the speed of disintegration was done by using sodium …

Differential Effects Of Pravastatin And Simvastatin On The Growth Of Tumor Cells From Different Organ Sites, David G. Menter, Victoria P. Ramsauer, Sam Harirforoosh, Kanishka Chakraborty, Peiying Yang, Linda His, Robert A. Newman, Koyamangalath Krishnan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may possess cancer preventive and therapeutic properties. Statins are effective suppressors of cholesterol synthesis with a well-established risk-benefit ratio in cardiovascular disease prevention. Mechanistically, targeting HMGCR activity primarily influences cholesterol biosynthesis and prenylation of signaling proteins. Pravastatin is a hydrophilic statin that is selectively taken up by a sodium-independent organic anion transporter protein-1B1 (OATP1B1) exclusively expressed in liver. Simvastatin is a hydrophobic statin that enters cells by other mechanisms. Poorly-differentiated and well-differentiated cancer cell lines were selected from various tissues and examined for their response to these two statins. Simvastatin …

Reliability And Credibility Of Progress Test Criteria, Developed By Alumni, Faculty, And Mixed Alumni-Faculty Judge Panels, H. Glenn Anderson Pharmd, Arthur A. Nelson Phd

Pharmacy Practice & Administration

Objective. To compare the reliability and credibility of Angoff-based, absolute criteria derived by faculty, alumni, and a combination of alumni and faculty judge panels.

Methods. Independently, faculty, alumni, and mixed faculty-alumni judge panels developed pass/fail criteria for an 86-item test. Generalizability and decision studies were performed. Root mean square errors (RMSE) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for reliability and credibility assessment. School graduate performance upon the North American Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) was the comparator for credibility assessment.

Results. RMSEs were 1.06%, 1.42%, and 2.32% for the alumni, faculty, and mixed judge panels respectively. The school's NAPLEX pass rate was …

Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation Of Na/K-Atpase Regulates Fibrosis And Renal Proximal Tubular Sodium Handling, Jiang Liu, David J. Kennedy, Yanling Yan, Joseph I. Shapiro Md

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

The Na/K-ATPase is the primary force regulating renal sodium handling and plays a key role in both ion homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Recently, cardiotonic steroids (CTS)-mediated Na/K-ATPase signaling has been shown to regulate fibrosis, renal proximal tubule (RPT) sodium reabsorption, and experimental Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension in response to a high-salt diet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important modulator of nephron ion transport. As there is limited knowledge regarding the role of ROS-mediated fibrosis and RPT sodium reabsorption through the Na/K-ATPase, the focus of this review is to examine the possible role of ROS in the regulation of Na/K-ATPase …