Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

An Unusual Case Of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy In A Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Tina H. Dao, Kinza Khan, Christopher D. Jackson

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare toxic encephalopathy. We describe a reversible MIE case in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), treated with metronidazole for brain abscess, who developed dizziness, weakness, dysarthria, and severe dysmetria. His Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain revealed bilateral, symmetric lesions in bilateral symmetrical regions of increased intensity in the medullary olives, cerebellar dentate nuclei, and the dorsal pons, all characteristic of MIE. Upon metronidazole discontinuation, the patient experienced significant symptom improvement, with subsequent MRI showing resolution of the lesions

Taste Masked Of Eplerenone Using Egg Box Method, Asmaa Mohammed Rashid

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist employed to manage hypertension, central serous retinopathy, and chronic heart failure. It has a highly bitter taste, which reduces patient compliance with the drug.

The aim of this study was masking the very bitter taste of the eplerenone to improve patient compliance especially for geriatric patient.

The medication was encapsulated utilizing the ionic gelation process, in which a 1% w/w sodium alginate solution was utilized to form egg box structures.Two different concentrations of CaCl2 (0.5.1%w/v) were used as cross-linkers, and different drug: polymer ratios were tested. The formulas were evaluated based on their …

Intracellular Islatravir-Triphosphate Half-Life Supports Extended Dosing Intervals, Xiaowei Zang, Wendy Ankrom, Walter K. Kraft, Ryan Vargo, S Aubrey Stoch, Marian Iwamoto, Randolph P Matthews

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Antiretroviral therapy has substantially reduced morbidity, mortality, and disease transmission in people living with HIV. Islatravir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 replication by multiple mechanisms of action, and it is in development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. In preclinical and clinical studies, islatravir had a long half-life (t½) of 3.0 and 8.7 days (72 and 209 hours, respectively); therefore, islatravir is being investigated as a long-acting oral antiretroviral agent. A study was conducted to definitively elucidate the terminal t½ of islatravir and its active form islatravir-triphosphate (islatravir-TP). A single-site, open-label, non-randomized, single-dose phase 1 …

Exploring The Use Of An Interprofessional Education Session For Speech-Language Pathology And Pharmacy Students, Sophia Werden Abrams, Heather Macphee, Linnea Hodge, Justine Hamilton, Ashwini Namasivayam-Macdonald

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs when students are provided the opportunity to learn with and from others of related professions to improve the potential for future collaboration. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of students about working with professionals from different disciplines before and after their engagement in an interprofessional learning activity and determine any changes in their willingness to work in interprofessional teams.

Doctor of Pharmacy students from the University of Manitoba and Master’s speech-language pathology students from McMaster University participated in an online inter-university and inter-provincial education module. Students were invited to complete the Interprofessional …

Estimation Of The Immunological Markers (Ctla4 And Vegf) Of The Adjuvant Ovarian Cancer In Iraqi Women Patients, Yasir Naeem Khlaif, Mayada Noori Iqbal, Hind Jaber Hassoon

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: The most frequent cause of death for females with gynecological cancer diagnoses is ovarian cancer (OC). Furthermore, generally speaking, it ranks as the 5^th most frequent cause of death for females. The majority of cases had advanced diagnoses, which worsens the disease's prognosis. Objectives: The aims of the study is to Estimate the immunological markers “cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4” (CTLA4) and “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor” (VEGF) in Adjuvant women (OC). Materials and methods: 90 Adjuvant women OC were included in this study (30 of them were taking (1-6) dose of biotherapy Bevacizumab (Avastin) Group 1 (G1), …

Determination Of The Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Associated With Liver Cancer, Hepatitis Types B, And C In Iraqi Patients, Saja Khudhier Essa Al-Juboori, Shaymaa Ismael Kadhum Al-Juboori

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in humans and the fifth most prevalent worldwide. Although the survival rate of HCC has increased over time, postoperative recurrences remain high after a decade. HCC can be caused by both viral and non-viral diseases. There are two major global risk factors for HCC these are: hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). As part of routine health exams, complete blood counts can detect a variety of disorders, including infections, anemia, immune system disorders, and blood cancers. A complete blood count (CBC) can be used to perform a biochemical …

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Techniques For Determining The Various Diabetic Type 2 Medications: A Review Article, Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed, Mohammed J.M. Hassan, Hayder O. Hashim, Ashour H. Dawood

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

A metabolic illness known as diabetes mellitus (DM) is brought on by the body's decreased secretion and/or activity of the hormone insulin. The condition worsens, pathological alterations in the body, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular problems, become inevitable. Type I and II DM are the two primary subtypes of DM. Oral hypoglycaemics are used to treat type II diabetes, while insulin replacement therapy is typically used to treat type I diabetes. Patients typically receive dual drug treatments. Despite using oral hypoglycemic medications as monotherapy, have not been able to accomplish their therapeutic goals with first-line therapy.

In the current …

Evaluate Levels Of Nephrin And Kidney Injury Molecule In Diabetic Nephropathy Patients, Ahmed Malik Hassan, Hassan Ali Al-Saadi, Radhwan Mohammed Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Introduction: Diabetes, particularly when uncontrolled for an extended length of time, was already related with a higher risk of complications and progression of both macrovascular and microvascular problems. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes can be a result from micro vascular effect of diabetes, kidney disease can occur in both type one or type two diabetes patients kidney disease usually affects young and middle-aged patients. Kidney injury molecule and Nephrin is a biomarkers used to diagnosis of early biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy Objective: The aim was effectiveness of KIM-1 and nephrin for diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease …

Characterization Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtype In Iraqi Patients, Ola Amer Jasim, Khalid Mahdi Salih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of several factors on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as age, gender, and anxiety. The …

Study Of Il-15, Il-11, And Some Physiological Parameters In Aborted Women, Enas Saad Sabih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Objective; The objective of current investigation is TO KNOW THE roles of IL-15 and IL-11 with some physiological indicators in pathophysiology of aborted women.

Methods; This investigation was conducted in the Medical City Hospital's gynecology consultant ‏ for period of March – May 2023. Thirty blood samples were taken from aborted women who visit hospitals and clinics otolaryngology. In addition to thirty blood samples were taken from healthy women who represented as a control group. The levels of IL-11 and IL-15 were detected by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) (Immunotech, France), and random blood sugar observed by Biorex machine (UK). Levels of …

Incidence Of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Cchf) In Different Governorates Of Iraq, Ihsan M. Al-Saqur, Amina N. Althwani, Heba N. Safah Hussein, Aubiad H. Noor, Ranna A. Sabar, Dhoha D. Hadi, Shad. H. Haitham

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. This disease is considered as a dangerous zoonotic viral disease transmitted from animals to human by Hyalomma ticks. The first case was registered in Iraq in 1979, which led to the death of the patient, her doctor and some of the medical staff in Baghdad/Al-Yarmouq hospital. The current study was conducting on the data of (399) patients suffering from symptoms of hemorrhagic septicemia for two years (2021and 2022) which received from Central Disease Control (CDC) in Baghdad depending on serological test. The results revealed that …

Effect Of Ferritin, Magnesium And Cobalt On Total Viable Count Of Candida Spp. In Normal Pregnant And In-Vitro Fertilized Women, Lina Sami Adham, Abbas Sabri Almizraqchi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: A correlation existed between diminished levels of vital mineral elements crucial for antioxidant activity in the bodies of pregnant women and an elevated susceptibility to preeclampsia. Objective: To assess the effect of salivary mineral elements on the salivary total count Candida spp in pregnant, in vitro fertilization pregnant women and control. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 subjects were included in this study, first group consist of (30) normal pregnant women, second group consist of (30) In vitro fertilization (IVF), and third group consist of (25) non-pregnant women, the samples were collected from different clinics …

July / August / September 2024, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

This is the July, August, and September issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Incorporating Solvation Thermodynamic Mapping In Computer-Aided Drug Design, Yeonji Ji

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Advancements in computational techniques have revolutionized structure-based drug design, substantially improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the drug discovery process by reducing time, costs, and labor requirements. These advancements include various methods, such as investigating small molecule ligands binding to proteins, exploring alternative protein conformations, and solvation mapping on the protein surfaces. Among these methods, understanding the correlation between protein-ligand binding and the role of solvation is important.

A fundamental concept in protein-ligand binding is shape and electrostatic complementarity, which is complicated by the inherent flexibility of proteins. In the absence of small molecule ligands, proteins are complementary to surface …

Challenges And Future Perspective Of Gastroretentive Mucoadhesive Dosage Forms, Rayhan Akbar, Heri Setiawan, Baitha Palanggatan Maggadani, Raditya Iswandana, Kurnia Sari Setio Putri

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Gastroretentive Mucoadhesive Dosage Form (GMDF) is one type of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) technology designed to exploit the adhesiveness of dosage forms in the gastric mucosa. This aims to increase drug residence time, enhance drug solubility and absorption, and ultimately improve drug bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Various studies have explored the use of different polymers to develop GMDF systems and dosage forms. However, despite extensive research in this field, there are still limited GMDF products approved by the US FDA and INA FDA. Therefore, this review addresses the challenges in developing GMDF, its current state, and potential future opportunities. …

Application Of Pvp Va 64 And Poloxamer 188/407 In Solid Dispersion Technology For Improving Solubility Of Valsartan, Sulastari Cahyani, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Valsartan, Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug, exhibits pH-dependent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract, which increases at pH levels above 5. Its low solubility results in a bioavailability of only 23%, necessitating efforts to enhance it. This study aims to improve the solubility of valsartan using a solid dispersion system. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate 64 (PVP VA 64), a hydrophilic polymer, was incorporated to inhibit the recrystallization of valsartan, while poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407, used as surfactants, aimed to enhance valsartan’s solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate. Valsartan solid dispersions were prepared using the spray drying method, and the optimal formulation …

Recent Updates On Dried Blood Spot And Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling As Microsampling Technique For Antiepileptic Drug Determination: A Systematic Review, Asmiladita Pridilla, Yahdiana Harahap, Denni Joko Purwanto, Baitha Palanggatan Maggadani

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Implementation of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) can be useful for patients with uncontrolled seizures. This review article aims to collect and compare the recent development of bioanalytical methods for antiepileptic drugs using microsampling techniques, namely DBS (Dried Blood Spot) and VAMS (Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling). Studies were searched through databases, namely Science Direct, Pubmed, and the Google Scholar search engine using pre-determined keywords. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 and used micro-sampling techniques for antiepileptic drug analysis were included. Non-English studies, non-related studies, duplication, and full text unavailable were excluded. Primary sources were used to build a conclusion regarding the purpose …

Biosynthesis Of Agnps Mediated By Equisetum Debile Roxb. Herb Water Extract And Its Potency As An Antioxidant, Yuni Retnaningtyas, Alviani Dwi Karmilasari, Endah Puspitasari

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metal nanoparticles currently under development. AgNPs are recognized for their remarkable stability, low reactivity, and advantageous biological properties, including antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds derived from the Equisetum debile Roxb. (Ed-R) herb have the potential to be explored as bio-reduction and capping agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The primary objective of this study is to synthesize AgNPs using a water extract from Ed-R herb and to assess their antioxidant activity. The optimal composition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs comprises 10% Ed-R water extract, 8.0 mM AgNO₃, and deionized water in a ratio of …

Global Perspective Of The Risks Of Falsified And Counterfeit Medicines: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Aonghus J. Feeney, Jeffery A. Goad, Gerard T. Flaherty

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Methods

Identifying The Roles Of Mir-17 In Ciliogenesis And Cell Cycle, Ashwaq Alanazi, Ayan K. Barui, Ashraf M. Mohieldin, Ankan Gupta, Ramani Ramachandran, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution of primary cilia to cell division and proliferation. MicroRNAs, especially miR-17, contribute to cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Recent investigations have highlighted the dysregulated expression of miR-17 in various malignancies, underlining its potential role in cancer. However, the correlation between primary cilia and miR-17 has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study examines the presence of miR-17 in primary cilia. The miR-17 expression is studied in selected ciliary protein knockdown cells. Using in situ hybridization (ISH), we identified the subcellular localization of miR-17 in both cilium and cell body. We confirmed the importance …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zoledronic Acid Prodrugs: A Potential Therapeutic For Enhanced Drug Delivery And Targeted Treatment, Shweta Wani

Theses & Dissertations

Bisphosphonates, particularly zoledronic acid (ZA), are crucial in managing bone resorption and treating skeletal disorders like multiple myeloma (MM). While ZA has demonstrated significant anti-myeloma activity in-vitro, its clinical use is limited by poor systemic exposure and potential off-target effects. This thesis investigates two strategies to conjugate polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to ZA to overcome these limitations. The first strategy, targeting the tertiary alcohol group of ZA, faced significant challenges due to the difficulty in conjugation. The second strategy, focusing on the hydroxyl group of the phosphonate moiety in ZA, successfully yielded a ZA-PEG conjugate, enhancing …

The Potential Renoprotective Effects Of Ticagrelor In Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Rat, Zahraa Talib Hussein, Ayad Ali Hussein

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially lethal range of symptoms results from muscle cell destruction. It is recognized by the escape of cell contents such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, and electrolyte into the bloodstream then undergo glomeruli filtering. Therefore, among the most dangerous complication of rhabdomyolysis is acute renal injury. The complex and interrelated processes underlying rhabdomyolysis that ends with acute kidney injury include obstruction and damage of tubules, inflammation, and intrarenal vasoconstriction (activation of the sympathetic, renin-angiotensin).Glycerol is frequently used to inflict this kind of harm when used as a single dose injection that given intramuscularly to an animal …

Cell-Based Medicinal Products: Progress And Perspectives, Lijian Hui, Xiang Yuan, Jingqi Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cell-based medicinal products are a breakthrough that has been proven to treat previously incurable diseases, making them a topic of global interest. This review delves into the current state and progress of cell therapy, highlighting the remarkable therapeutic effects of various types of cell-based medicinal products. We specifically explore the potential development of cell-based medicinal products in China, focusing on promoting clinical translation and commercialization. We propose necessary actions to achieve these goals, such as fostering cutting-edge basic research, innovative therapeutic approaches, scalable manufacturing processes, and policy changes.

Novel 3,6-Disubstituted Pyridazine Derivatives Targeting Jnk1 Pathway: Scaffold Hopping And Hybridization-Based Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, In Vitro And In Vivo Anticancer Evaluation., Mai M. Shaalan, Essam Eldin A. Osman, Yasmeen M. Attia, Olfat A. Hammam, Riham F. George, Bassem H. Naguib

Pharmacy

A series of novel 3,6-disubstituted pyridazine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as preclinical anticancer candidates. Compound 9e exhibited the highest growth inhibition against most of the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. The in vivo anticancer activity of 9e was subsequently investigated at two dose levels using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumor animal model where a reduction in the mean tumor volume allied with necrosis induction was reported, without any signs of toxicity in the treated groups. Interestingly, compound 9e was capable of downregulating c-jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) gene expression and curbing the protein levels of its phosphorylated form, …

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Oleyl-Wrh Peptides For Sirna Delivery, Mrigank Shekhar Rai, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Jonathan Moreno, Keykavous Parang, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Delivering nucleic acid therapeutics across cell membranes is a significant challenge. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) containing arginine (R), tryptophan (W), and histidine (H) show promise for siRNA delivery. To improve siRNA delivery and silence a model STAT3 gene, we hypothesized that oleyl acylation to CPPs, specifically (WRH)n, would enhance STAT3 silencing efficiency in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Using Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide chemistry, we synthesized, purified, and characterized the oleyl-conjugated (WRH)n (n = 1–4) peptides. The peptide/siRNA complexes were non-cytotoxic at N/P 40 (~20 μM) against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and HEK-293 cells after 72 h incubation. All peptide/siRNA complexes showed serum …

Cost-Utility Analysis Of Adding Daratumumab To Bortezomib Plus Dexamethasone To Treat Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma In Egypt, Menna M. Elsherbiny, Ahmed M. Kamel, Samar F. Farid

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Background: According to the CASTOR trial, DARA is shown to be effective as a second line for RRMM patients either as monotherapy or in combination with the gold standard regimen. The current study is the first to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DARA based on the full results (~80-month follow-up) of the CASTOR trial. The study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of incorporating DARA, with bortezomib and dexamethasone, in treating patients from the perspective of a healthcare payer over a lifetime horizon.

Methods: A partition survival model (PSM) was adopted. The alternative arms chosen were daratumumab added to bortezomib plus …

Tirzepatide Protects Against Hepatic Oxidative Stress In High-Fat Induced Obesity In Male Rats, Ashraf Jameel Alathary, Zahraa Jawad Kadhim

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background

Obesity is a prevalent health issue that affects people of all ages at a high rate. Tirzepatide (TZP) is a hypoglycemic medication that acts as a dual antagonist for both the GIP-1 and GIP receptors. Previous reports have shown that TZP treatment demonstrated substantial weight reduction as well as lipid-modulating effects in obese and overweight individuals.

Objective

The aim from this study is to examine the potential protective effect of TZP on oxidative stress status and HFD induced obesity in male rats.

Methods

This research employed a total of 28 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Normal control group involved seven …

Preventive Effects Of Quercetin On The Leaky Gut By Suppression Of Il-1beta-Induced Transcription Factors Involved In An Inflammatory Pathway In Colonic Epithelial Cells, Wannaporn Chayalak, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Chatsri Deachapunya, Sutthasinee Poonyachoti

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Flavonol quercetin (Q), found in vegetables and fruits, demonstrates the most potent anti-inflammatory effect. The preventive effect and cellular mechanisms of Q (Q1, Q10, and Q100 µM) on IL-1β induced leaky gut via the signaling molecules of inflammatory pathway, NF-κB p65-iκB/or p38/ERK1/2/MLCK/phospho(p)-MLC were investigated in Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxic effect of Q was initially determined by MTT assay. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and apical-to-basolateral fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FD-4) flux were used to determine paracellular permeability. The protein expression of signaling molecules was examined by Western blot analysis, and their target MLCK mRNA expression was determined using real-time PCR. All Q …

Dmt: Mechanisms, Psychological And Physiological Effects, And Its Dual Role As A Drug Of Abuse And Potential Health Benefit, Kayla Yarbrough, Solymar Santiago Bonilla, Garrett Evins, Jean Colón, Brandon Kitchens

College of Pharmacy Student Research

N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a potent indolethylamine hallucinogen classified as a Schedule I substance, indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. Despite this, DMT's unique pharmacological profile, characterized by its interaction with serotonin receptors, particularly 5-HT2A, and its ability to induce profound alterations in perception, emotion, and cognition, has spurred interest in its potential therapeutic applications. This paper explores DMT's mechanisms of action, its psychological and physiological effects, and the risks and side effects associated with its use. While DMT can cause vivid hallucinations, emotional responses ranging from euphoria to existential dread, and various physiological changes, …

The Efficacy Of Cannabis As A Substitute Addiction For Opiates, Clark Furlong

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Approaches to opiate addiction focus on abstinence and/or a harm reduction model that often utilizes substitute medications. Methadone and suboxone are the most prescribed drugs for opiate maintenance therapy. The long-term side effect profile and health consequences are undesirable. Research is looking for healthier alternatives.

Purpose: Opiate maintenance therapy participants have a mortality rate greater than twelve times that of the normal population, we seek to discover if cannabis can be a useful/safer alternative.

Methods: Following a comprehensive literature review a 7-question online survey was designed with SurveyMonkey to gauge current Augsburg students’ perception of cannabis as an alternative …