Optometry Commons^™

Preventing Ocular Surface Disease In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emily Mallette

Dissertations

Preventing Ocular Surface Disease in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Problem: Ocular surface disease in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit is a significant problem in intubated patients due to altered eye protective mechanics, leading to exposure of the eye surface and dry eye. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate how an eye care protocol affected the frequency of artificial tear ointment administration.

Method: A descriptive, cohort design utilizing a retrospective chart review with convenience sampling of intubated children in the PICU from two cohorts was used. Comparisons were made between the preintervention cohort in 2020 and …

What Type Of Soft Contact Lens Works Best For Reverse Piggyback?, Claire E. Mcdonnell, Emma Chaney, Tara Kennedy, Aoife Farrell

Conference Papers

Aim

To determine which type of soft contact lens works best in a reverse piggyback lens system.

Background

A reverse piggyback lens system comprises of a soft contact lens worn over a rigid gas permeable lens. Several uses of this system include prevention of rigid gas permeable lens decentration during sporting activities and reduction of rigid gas permeable lens intolerance due to lid sensitivity.

Methods

Four different types of soft contact lenses; Senofilcon A, Omafilcon A, Etafilcon A and Delefilcon A, were assessed in a reverse piggyback system, in both eyes of twelve subjects (n=24). Over refraction, best corrected visual …

Search For Palladin, An Actin-Associated Protein, In Pig Retinal Pigmented Epithelium And Its Role In Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Katrina Powell

Undergraduate Theses

This study investigates the expression of Palladin, a phosphoprotein product of the PALLD gene, in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Palladin is an actin cross-linking protein and plays a role in cell adhesion and motility. Published reports have demonstrated that a down regulation of Palladin in colon cancer cells results in a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, causing the cells to lose their typical shape, become proliferative and migratory. This process is otherwise known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A similar EMT phenomenon is observed when the RPE is exposed to the vitreous humor in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In …

Book Review: Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare And Bioscience, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Book Review:

Catania LJ. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Bioscience. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2020, $150.00, 524 pages, Paperback ISBN:9780128244777, e-book ISBN: 9780323860055.

Novel Genetic Mutations In Genes Agbl5 And Tulp1 For Presumed Unilateral Retinitis Pigmentosa Managed With Low Vision Rehabilitation: A Case Report And Review, Maggie Man Ki Ho Od, Ms, Faao, Stephanie Schmiedecke-Barbieri Od, Faao, Abcmo, Dip Low Vision, Patricia C. Sanchez-Diaz Phd, Dvm, Faao, Carolyn E. Majcher Od, Faao, Fors

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of hereditary retinal diseases characterized by the degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. It commonly results in night blindness followed by tunnel vision and central vision reduction. The classic triad of clinical signs includes pigmented bone spicules, waxy disc pallor, and arterial attenuation. Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa is rare and can be supported with ancillary testing including genetic and laboratory studies to rule out differential diagnoses.

Case Report: A 68-year-old Hispanic female was referred to the low vision rehabilitation clinic due to progressive vision loss in the left eye (OS) that began 15 years ago. …

Break The Fall: Orbital Blowout Fracture, Christopher Bugajski Od, Faao

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Head trauma can lead to multiple ocular complications, among the most concerning is an orbital blowout fracture. Common associations with an orbital fracture would include periorbital ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid edema, and crepitus, among others. Concerning complications, such as retinal detachment, need to be ruled out at the time of presentation. Surgical intervention may be warranted in certain cases. An emergent head computed tomography scan must be performed to evaluate and determine management.

Case Report: This case features a 66-year-old Caucasian male with an orbital blowout fracture following a fall. In addition to discussing the details regarding …

A Case Report Of Advanced Neglected Basal Cell Carcinoma, Loren W. Bennett Od, Mph, Faao

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer in humans and is frequently found in the periocular region. It is generally characterized by slow growth with rare metastasis and has an excellent prognosis with current surgical techniques. However, if neglected or inadequately treated it can lead to substantial localized tissue destruction and morbidity.

Case Report: This case presents an advanced basal cell carcinoma involving the left side of the nose and medial eyelids which had been neglected by the patient, causing significant functional disability and cosmetic disfigurement. The tumor was removed with a wide surgical excision which required …

Herpetic Keratitis, Patience Is A Virtue: Hsk In Immunocompromised Patient, Robert Binkley Od, Faao

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: The Herpes virus is ubiquitous in our patient population. Often it is present without symptoms, however, it may present with pain, irritation, and decreased vision. In high-risk populations a longer course of treatment is often required.

Case Report: This case report will detail the treatment options and outcome in a patient with herpes keratitis who also is HIV positive and addresses concerns about treating immunocompromised patients.

Conclusion: This case serves as a review of common and uncommon treatment options for herpes keratitis as well as a review of potential causes of this presentation. Herpetic keratitis is likely to be …

The New (?) Look Of Precaution, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

Interdisciplinary Practice For Occupational Therapy And Low Vision Rehabilitation, Priscilla Gim, Karen Park, Becki Cohill, Susan Macdermott

Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

The purpose of this capstone project was to advocate occupational therapy in low vision rehabilitation for improved access to low vision rehabilitation (LVR) for the adult population. However, due to COVID-19 pandemic, this capstone project shifted to a research study assessing limiting factors for occupational therapy collaboration with low vision services and exploring eye physician’s perception on low vision occupational therapy.

A mixed-methods survey was conducted to explore 54 eye physicians including Doctor of Medicine (MD) specialized in ophthalmology and Doctor of Optometry (OD)’s perception on the role of low vision occupational therapy, benefit of low vision occupational therapy, current …

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies Limbal Stem Cell Population And Cell Types Mapping Its Differentiation Trajectory In Limbal Basal Epithelium Of Human Cornea, De-Quan Li, Sangbae Kim, Jin-Miao Li, Qianmiao Gao, Jongsu Choi, Fang Bian, Jiaoyue Hu, Yun Zhang, Jin Li, Rong Lu, Yumei Li, Stephen C Pflugfelder, Hongyu Miao, Rui Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: This study aimed to uncover novel cell types in heterogenous basal limbus of human cornea for identifying LSC at single cell resolution.

METHODS: Single cells of human limbal basal epithelium were isolated from young donor corneas. Single-cell RNA-Sequencing was performed using 10x Genomics platform, followed by clustering cell types through the graph-based visualization method UMAP and unbiased computational informatic analysis. Tissue RNA in situ hybridization with RNAscope, immunofluorescent staining and multiple functional assays were performed using human corneas and limbal epithelial culture models.

RESULTS: Single-cell transcriptomics of 16,360 limbal basal cells revealed 12 cell clusters belonging to three lineages. …

Addressing Artificial Intelligence Bias In Retinal Diagnostics, Philippe Burlina, Neil Joshi, William Paul, Katia D Pacheco, Neil M Bressler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: This study evaluated generative methods to potentially mitigate artificial intelligence (AI) bias when diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR) resulting from training data imbalance or domain generalization, which occurs when deep learning systems (DLSs) face concepts at test/inference time they were not initially trained on.

METHODS: The public domain Kaggle EyePACS dataset (88,692 fundi and 44,346 individuals, originally diverse for ethnicity) was modified by adding clinician-annotated labels and constructing an artificial scenario of data imbalance and domain generalization by disallowing training (but not testing) exemplars for images of retinas with DR warranting referral (DR-referable) from darker-skin individuals, who presumably have greater …

Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration In Vivo: From Mouse To Human, Arthur Orchanian, Brennan Schilling, Bruce Berkowitz Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: The mitochondrial energy ecosystem can be non-invasively interrogated in photoreceptors by combing a clinical tool, optical coherence tomography (OCT), with a mitochondrial protonophore (2,4 dinitrophenol, DNP). It remains unclear if only supra-clinical doses of DNP will be useful for mouse studies or if lower but clinically relevant doses of DNP would facilitate translation from mice to humans.

Methods: The experiment was a paired longitudinal design that took place over 2 days. On day 1, C57BL/6J mice were overnight dark adapted, then light-adapted for 5 h before OCT examination before regaining consciousness; a similar procedure was followed on day 2 …

Application Of Big-Data For Epidemiological Studies Of Refractive Error, Michael Moore, James Loughman, John Butler, Arne Ohlendorf, Siegfried Wahl, Daniel Ian Flitcroft

Articles

Purpose

To examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error.

Subjects

A total of 555,528 patient visits from 28 Irish primary care optometry practices between the years 1980 and 2019 and 141,547,436 spectacle lens sales records from an international European lens manufacturer between the years 1998 and 2016.

Methods

Anonymized EMR data included demographic, refractive and visual acuity values. Anonymized spectacle lens data included refractive data. Spectacle lens data was separated into lenses …

Praseodymium Mid-Infrared Emission In Alf3-Based Glass Sensitized By Ytterbium, Jiquan Zhang, Mo Liu, Jin Yu, Ruicong Wang, Shijie Jia, Zijun Liu, Gerald Farrell, Shunbin Wang, Pengfei Wang

Articles

Broadband emission was obtained over 2.6 to 4.1 μm (Pr3+: 1G4→3F4, 3F3) in AlF3-based glass samples doped with different concentrations of praseodymium and 1 mol% ytterbium using a 976 nm laser pump. An efficient energy transfer process from Yb3+: 2F5/2 to Pr3+: 1G4 was analyzed through emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime values. The absorption and emission cross-sections were calculated by Füchtbauer-Ladenburg and McCumber theories and a positive gain can be obtained when P>0.3. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first report of broadband mid-infrared emission of Pr3+ in an AlF3-based glass. The results show …

College Of Optometry 2021, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Application Of Big-Data For Epidemiological Studies Of Refractive Error, James Loughman

Articles

To examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error.

Job Satisfaction And Its Associated Factors Among Optometrists In Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kwadwo Owusu Akufo, Eldad Agyei-Manu, David Ben Kumah, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Abubakar Sadik Mohammed, Akosua Kesewah Asare, Emmanuel Kofi Addo

Articles

Job satisfaction describes an employee’s motivation and/or feeling of satisfaction towards his/her work. Globally, healthcare professionals’ turnover and retention play a critical role in the delivery of essential health services. In Ghana, however, little has been done to ascertain job satisfaction levels among human resources for eyehealth. The objective of this study therefore was to assess job satisfaction and its associated factors among optom‑ etrists in Ghana.

The Risks And Benefits Of Myopia Control, Mark A. Bullimore, Eric R. Ritchey, Sunil Shah,, Nicolas Leveziel, Rupert Bourne, Daniel Ian Flitcroft

Articles

The prevalence of myopia is increasing around the world, stimulating interest in 3 methods to slow its progression. The primary justification for slowing myopia progression is to 4 reduce the risk of vision loss through sight-threatening ocular pathology in later life. The paper 5 analyzes whether the potential benefits of slowing myopia progression by one diopter justify the 6 potential risks associated with treatments.

Myopia Control In The Republic Of Ireland, Claire E. Mcdonnell, Adebola Obadare, Muno Osman, Sinead Redmond

Conference Papers

Purpose: to estimate how many independent optical practices in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) are offering myopia control options to patients and parents.

Methods: 346 independent optical practices were identified in the ROI using a listing provided on the Association of Optometrists Ireland website. All practices identified were emailed to ask if they practised any myopia control. Practice websites (where available) were examined to see if myopia control was mentioned as a service offered. Some practices believed to be offering myopia control were phoned directly to ascertain if they were practising myopia control. This research was carried out between Feb …

Patterns Of Medication Adherence In Glaucoma, Shervonne Poleon

All ETDs from UAB

Over 60 million persons globally are affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)—an optic neuropathy characterized by distinctive patterns of vision loss. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and eye drops that delay vision loss are a common treatment modality. In glaucoma, the proportion of patients with good adherence to recommended therapy is reported to be low. High treatment cost, forgetfulness, and regimen complexity have been identified as key determinants of poor adherence. However, addressing these factors in the clinic is not as simple, as patient and provider values and priorities may differ. Without concordance, it can …

Glycoprotein 340 Expression In Dry Eye Disease And Ocular Surface Infection, Kwaku Antwi Osei

All ETDs from UAB

Glycoprotein 340 (Gp340) is a 340-kDa multi-domain pattern recognition receptor (PRR) belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily of proteins. On the ocular surface, Gp340 is expressed in the tear film, lacrimal gland, cornea, and conjunctiva. By their nature, PRRs detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on microbial organisms and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from injured, stressed, necrotic, and apoptotic cells. This, in turn, induces the expression of nuclear factor-κB- and the interferon regulatory factor-dependent expression proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, eliciting both innate and adaptive immune response activation. Thus, as a PRR, Gp340 has the potential to modulate microbial infection …

Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez

All ETDs from UAB

COLOR VISION TESTING WITH READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS ANGEL PEREZ VISION SCIENCE ABSTRACT The perception of color is a process by which the brain discriminates different light wavelengths stimulating the cone photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. In humans each cone contains a photopigment making it most sensitive to either short (red), medium (green), or long (blue) wavelengths of light. However, when one of the cone pigments is defective or missing, color discrimination is reduced, resulting in color vision deficiency due to a deficient sex-linked chromosome in most cases. Color vision deficiency has the potential to impede many everyday activities, …

Identification Of Deep-Intronic Splice Mutations In A Large Cohort Of Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases, Xinye Qian, Jun Wang, Meng Wang, Austin D Igelman, Kaylie D Jones, Yumei Li, Keqing Wang, Kerry E Goetz, David G Birch, Paul Yang, Mark E Pennesi, Rui Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

High throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of mutations responsible for a diverse set of Mendelian disorders, including inherited retinal disorders (IRDs). However, the causal mutations remain elusive for a significant proportion of patients. This may be partially due to pathogenic mutations located in non-coding regions, which are largely missed by capture sequencing targeting the coding regions. The advent of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) allows us to systematically detect non-coding variations. However, the interpretation of these variations remains a significant bottleneck. In this study, we investigated the contribution of deep-intronic splice variants to IRDs. WGS was performed for a cohort …

School Performance And Undetected And Untreated Visual Problems In Schoolchildren In Ireland; A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Síofra Harrington, Peter Davison, Veronica O'Dwyer

Articles

This study explored the association between children’s vision and their school academic progress as reported by parents/guardians. Participants were 1,612 schoolchildren (722 6-7-year-olds, 890 12-13-year-olds) in randomly selected schools in Ireland. In advance of data collection, parents/guardians reported school performance as (a) much better than classmates (high-performance) (b) about the same as classmates (average-performance) (c) not as well as classmates (low-performance). Measurements included logMAR monocular visual acuities (with spectacles if worn, and pinhole) in the distance (3 m) and near (40 cm); the amplitude of accommodation; stereoacuity, colour vision assessment, and cyclopleged autorefraction. Controlling for confounders, children presenting with visual …

Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Symptomatic Dry Eye In Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study, Emmnuel Kobia Acquah, Stephen Ankamah-Lomotey, Ebenezer Owusu, Sedinam Forfoe, Joseph Bannor, Joana Abokoma Koomson, Martin Opoku, Daniel Mensah Dzikpo, Derrick Nii Okaikwei Mensah, Jedidiah N. Amonoo, Prince Kwaku Akowuah

Articles

Purpose This study sought to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of symptomatic dry eye in the general non-clinical Ghanaian population.

Methods This was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. A stratified, multistage, random sampling technique was used to select participants aged 18 years and above from the capital cities of eight administrative regions in Ghana. Symptomatic dry eye was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI). A study specific structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on participants’ demographics and self-reported risk factors of dry eye disease such as smoking, diabetes, …

Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing A Diffractive Optical Element With High Sensitivity To Relative Humidity, Catherine M. Grogan, Faolan Radford Mcgovern, Rory Staines, George Amarandei, Izabela Naydenova

Articles

High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever sensors use the deflection induced by the analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic sensors probe the analyte presence by measuring changes in their optical properties, have a simpler low-cost readout, but their sensitivity can be further improved. Here, the two working principles were combined to obtain a new hybrid sensor with enhanced sensitivity. The diffractive element, a holographically patterned thin photopolymer layer, was placed on a polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) layer forming a bi-layer macro-cantilever. The different responses of the …

Loss Of Class Iii Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Vps34 Results In Cone Degeneration, Ammaji Rajala, Feng He, Robert E Anderson, Theodore G Wensel, Raju V S Rajala

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The major pathway for the production of the low-abundance membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) synthesis is catalyzed by class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Vps34. The absence of Vps34 was previously found to disrupt autophagy and other membrane-trafficking pathways in some sensory neurons, but the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and Vps34 in cone photoreceptor cells have not previously been explored. We found that the deletion of Vps34 in neighboring rods in mouse retina did not disrupt cone function up to 8 weeks after birth, despite diminished rod function. Immunoblotting and lipid analysis of cones isolated from the cone-dominant retinas of the …

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Comprehensive Pediatric Eye And Vision Examination, American Optometric Association

Optometric Clinical Practice

Republished with the written permission granted from the American Optometric Association, October 2, 2020.

Developed by the AOA Evidence-Based Optometry Guideline Development Group

Approved by the AOA Board of Trustees February 12, 2017

Diane T. Adamczyk, O.D., Chair – State University of New York, College of Optometry, New York, New York

John F. Amos, O.D., M.S. – University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, Dean and Professor Emeritus

Felix M. Barker, II, O.D., M.S. – W. G. (Bill) Hefner VAMC, Salisbury, North Carolina

Benjamin P. Casella, OD – Private Practice – Casella Eye Center, Augusta, Georgia

Linda …

Metachronous Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma On Opposite Eye And Lid: A Case Report, Danielle C. Kalberer Od, Faao, Matthew A. Delmauro Md

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common eyelid malignancy, accounting for approximately 90% of malignant eyelid lesions.¹ Despite its high occurrence rates, it is frequently misdiagnosed as one of the benign “lumps and bumps” that can be present on the eyelid. In the present case, a patient with a past BCC on the right upper eyelid presented with a left lower eyelid lesion which persisted for months before the patient sought evaluation by an eyecare provider. This benign-looking lash-line lesion was the only external sign of the malignancy found on the deep surface of the eyelid and …