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- AMBLYOPIA AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT (1)
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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Optometry
Optimisation Of Photosensitive Recording Materials For Broadband Holographic Optical Elements, Michael Murray
Optimisation Of Photosensitive Recording Materials For Broadband Holographic Optical Elements, Michael Murray
Doctoral
The introduction of broadband (white) LED outdoor lighting has led to significant energy savings. However, this has come at the cost of increased light pollution which has negative impacts both on ecological systems and human health. This light pollution is largely the result of the lack of control measures for the directionality of the light emitted by outdoor LED lighting. The lack of directionality also results in higher energy consumption in order to compensate for the light scattered to the atmosphere and sufficiently illuminate the target area. In this thesis holographic optical elements (HOEs) are proposed as a complementary technology …
Raman Microspectroscopy For Detection Of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using Minimally Invasive Brush Biopsy Samples, Isha Behl
Doctoral
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The current gold standard for screening and diagnosis of oral premalignant and cancerous lesions is histopathological examination. Subjectivity is a major limitation of this technique, however. Other diagnostic methods exist, but they are not sensitive enough for early detection of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), as these methods are based on morphological changes, which can occur late in malignant transformation. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, can provide molecular level information of the biological sample, through unique vibrational fingerprints of molecules. This is advantageous over the gold standard method, as molecular …
Macular Pigment And Diabetes Mellitus, Grainne Scanlon
Macular Pigment And Diabetes Mellitus, Grainne Scanlon
Doctoral
The macula is a specialised part of the retina responsible for detailed central and colour vision. The carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin are uniquely concentrated in the inner and central layers of the primate macula, where they are collectively known as macular pigment (MP). Macular pigment confers potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the eye. Many studies have suggested that these carotenoids are lower in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and that increased levels of MP may confer protection against AMD, especially the late form of the disease. Research is now beginning to focus on MP optical density (MPOD) and carotenoid …
Investigation And Management Of Demodex Folliculorum Blepharitis In Clinical Practice, Orla Murphy
Investigation And Management Of Demodex Folliculorum Blepharitis In Clinical Practice, Orla Murphy
Doctoral
Introduction: Blepharitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the eyelid margin. Blepharitis patients routinely present to and are managed by optometrists and ophthalmologists in practice. Demodex folliculorum is associated with anterior blepharitis. Presently, treatment with 50% tea tree oil is recommended by the American Academy of Ophthalmology for Demodex blepharitis. However, over-the-counter products have been developed and marketed at being effective for treating Demodex blepharitis. Purpose: To examine the efficacy of over-the-counter lid hygiene products and warm compress therapy for the treatment of Demodex blepharitis. Methods: Two hundred and forty-six participants were examined at multiple visits over four studies, for …
Raman Spectroscopy For The Discrimination Of Autoimmune Disorders, Neha Chaudhary
Raman Spectroscopy For The Discrimination Of Autoimmune Disorders, Neha Chaudhary
Doctoral
The bidirectional cooperativity between the innate and adaptive arm of the immune network in response to foreign invaders has long been accepted. Under normal circumstances this response is very effective at eliminating infection, however, inappropriate activation triggered by self components is observed in autoimmune conditions such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Due to the overlapping nature of the symptoms of each of the syndromes, in terms of clinical and laboratory manifestations, and the lack of a single marker predictive methodology, the differential diagnosis and treatment of these patients still proves challenging. With the advent of targeted …
Holographic Sensors For The Detection Of Liquid Phase Analytes, Sabad-E Gul
Holographic Sensors For The Detection Of Liquid Phase Analytes, Sabad-E Gul
Doctoral
The aim of this project is to design, fabricate and study experimentally photonic structures created by holographic lithography for application in sensing. The aim is to modify the photonic structures with analyte sensitive materials and view of their application in environmental and biomedical sensing. Two types of photonic structures were investigated in these studies: modified surface relief holographic gratings and volume holographic gratings.
Prevalence Of Ametropia, Amblyopia And Visual Impairment In Schoolchildren In Ireland, Siofra Harrington
Prevalence Of Ametropia, Amblyopia And Visual Impairment In Schoolchildren In Ireland, Siofra Harrington
Doctoral
Background: Uncorrected refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment (Naidoo et al., 2016). Currently, there is a lack of adequate data on eye and vision disorders in schoolchildren in Ireland. Accurate prevalence estimates of refractive error and vision disorders are necessary to determine their impact on public health and to assess the need for interventions (McCarty and Taylor, 2000). Purpose: This study reports the prevalence of ametropia, presenting visual impairment, amblyopia and provides population norms for ocular biometric measures in schoolchildren in Ireland. Links between refractive error and demographic and lifestyle factors were investigated. The impact of poor …
Multivariate Statistical Methodologies Used In In-Vitro Raman Spectroscopy: Simulations And Applications For Drug And Nanoparticle Interactions, Mark Edward Keating
Multivariate Statistical Methodologies Used In In-Vitro Raman Spectroscopy: Simulations And Applications For Drug And Nanoparticle Interactions, Mark Edward Keating
Doctoral
Raman spectroscopy is a growing technology in the fields of in-vitro drug and nanoparticle screening. The label free capability provided by vibrational spectroscopy, as well as the ability of the technique to probe the chemical nature of samples, makes it a good candidate for use in these fields. Crucial to the progress of these methods is the development and validation of robust and accurate multivariate statistical analysis protocols. In this thesis, both established and novel methods are examined using both real and simulated datasets. In particular, simulated datasets are used to validate and assess the accuracy of these methods in …
Mutation Status In Myeloid Malignancies Informs Clinical Insight, Karl Haslam
Mutation Status In Myeloid Malignancies Informs Clinical Insight, Karl Haslam
Doctoral
The last decade has seen significant development in understanding the genetic basis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), with the underlying somatic mutational landscape revealed by genome and targeted exome sequencing. The aim of this research was to conduct a series of original investigations to develop insight into the utility and clinical application of these disease markers. Initially, three recently identified disease-specific molecular markers (mutations in JAK2, CALR and CSF3R) were utilised to measure the burden of disease post allogeneic transplantation using methods based on quantitative PCR, capillary electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. The measured variant allelic frequency of the disease was compared …
Optometric Case Finding For Glaucoma In Ireland: An Investigation Of Current Practice Patterns., Catriona Barrett
Optometric Case Finding For Glaucoma In Ireland: An Investigation Of Current Practice Patterns., Catriona Barrett
Doctoral
Optometrists play a vital role in the detection of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. As population screening for glaucoma is neither cost effective nor viable, glaucoma is primarily detected through opportunistic case-finding during routine eye examinations. The present study provides new insight into optometrists’ practice patterns for glaucoma detection in Ireland. Chapters 3 and 4 report on a national survey. The results show that optometrists are well equipped to carry out the traditional glaucoma case finding triad. However, moving towards enhanced services such as monitoring glaucoma suspects or ocular hypertension cases would require some investment in equipment and …
Development Of Holographic Sensors For Monitoring Relative Humidity And Temperature, Tatsiana Mikulchyk
Development Of Holographic Sensors For Monitoring Relative Humidity And Temperature, Tatsiana Mikulchyk
Doctoral
Photonic structures capable of responding to an analyte with an easily identifiable change in their optical properties have generated wide interest due to their possible application as holographic sensors. Holographic sensors are considered a low-cost, lightweight and disposable technology, and have potential for application in different areas ranging from medical diagnostics to environmental sensing including the monitoring of environmental temperature and relative humidity. In spite of the existing wide range of temperature and humidity sensors, holographic sensors are of special interest as they can provide fast, real-time, reversible or irreversible, visual colorimetric or electronic readouts. The main objective of this …
A Systems Framework For Development Projects And Partnerships In Eye Health Training, Diane Wallace
A Systems Framework For Development Projects And Partnerships In Eye Health Training, Diane Wallace
Doctoral
Purpose: Development projects in eye health have evolved over the past fifteen years in response to VISION 2020: The Right to Sight. Estimates that 285 million people, mainly in the developing world, are needlessly vision impaired largely due to the lack of trained eye health professionals have moved development initiatives away from vertical, service delivery approaches towards the establishment of more sustainable, locally owned professional training programmes in an effort to ensure long term production of adequately trained human resource capacity to address this challenge. The Mozambique Eyecare Project was one such initiative, established as a solution to the challenge …
The Impact Of Soft Cl Wear On Corneal Curvature And Thickness And On The Outcomes Of Refractive Laser Surgery, Aoife Lloyd Mckernan
The Impact Of Soft Cl Wear On Corneal Curvature And Thickness And On The Outcomes Of Refractive Laser Surgery, Aoife Lloyd Mckernan
Doctoral
Introduction: Soft CL (SCL) wear can alter the cornea and have significant effects on vision quality (Hardten and Gosavi, 2009; Pflugfelder et al., 2002; Ryan and Jacob, 1996; Tseng et al., 2007). This may have implications for visual outcomes following corneal refractive surgery (CRS) (Tang et al., 2005). The time required for resolution of these SCL-induced changes can vary (González-Méijome et al., 2003a; Hashemi et al., 2008; Ng et al., 2007; Nourouzi et al., 2006; Schornack, 2003; Wang et al., 2002b). Despite this, current guidelines relating to cessation of SCL wear prior to CRS vary greatly, and are lacking in …
Refraction In Mozambique: Evaluations Of Practice And Development Of Competency Frameworks For Eye Care Personnel, Kajal Shah
Doctoral
Purpose The development of competency- based education for optometrists and mid-level eye-care personnel has been identified as an important component in the elimination of avoidable blindness and vision impairment. The Mozambique Eye care Project (MEP) is a multi-institutional collaboration, which seeks to facilitate greater access to training in eye health professions, which will ultimately contribute to providing affordable and accessible eye care within the public health system in Mozambique. An important tenet of the MEP is to develop and enhance the refraction training of all existing (ophthalmic technicians) and new eye care personnel (four-year training of optometrists and eighteen-month training …
Visual Performance, And It's Response To Intervention, In Subjects With Age-Related Macular Degeneration., Sarah Sabour-Pickett
Visual Performance, And It's Response To Intervention, In Subjects With Age-Related Macular Degeneration., Sarah Sabour-Pickett
Doctoral
Abstract Objectives: 1. To explore visual performance status through a range of psychophysical methods beyond corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 2. To investigate the effects on these visual performance parameters in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv-AMD) and in subjects with early AMD undergoing anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy and macular carotenoid supplementation, respectively. 3. To understand the role of a supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin (MZ; the third, and currently least explored, macular carotenoid) on the augmentation of macular pigment (MP), on visual performance and on disease progression (graded according to the …