Optometry Commons^™

Eye Care Protocol In Critically Ill Pediatric Patients On Neuromuscular Blockage, Jinnie Tkach

Dissertations

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Abstract

Problem: Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at increased risk for the development of ocular surface disease (OSD) due to impaired ocular mechanisms while intubated, sedated, and on continuous neuromuscular blockade. The purpose of this project is to prevent OSD and vision impairments by increasing the frequency of eye care in accordance with a PICU eye care protocol.

Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted utilizing retrospective and prospective chart review. Comparisons were drawn between the 2021 pre intervention group and the 2022 post intervention group regarding the impact of linking lubricating eye ointment orders …

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Preventing Ocular Surface Disease In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emily Mallette

Dissertations

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Preventing Ocular Surface Disease in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Problem: Ocular surface disease in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit is a significant problem in intubated patients due to altered eye protective mechanics, leading to exposure of the eye surface and dry eye. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate how an eye care protocol affected the frequency of artificial tear ointment administration.

Method: A descriptive, cohort design utilizing a retrospective chart review with convenience sampling of intubated children in the PICU from two cohorts was used. Comparisons were made between the preintervention cohort in 2020 and …

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Effects Of Oral Antihistamines On Tear Volume, Tear Stability, And Intraocular Pressure, Brian K. Foutch, Kyle A. Sandberg, Edward S. Bennett, Leonard L. Naeger

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of two commonly used oral antihistamines—diphenhydramine and loratadine—on tear volume, tear breakup time, and intraocular pressure. Placebo, diphenhydramine, and loratadine were administered for one week to 33 subjects experimentally blind to the treatment given. All the subjects received all three treatments over a period of six weeks. The outcome measures were the change in phenol red thread test (PRT), the tear breakup time (TBUT), and the intraocular pressure (IOP) of both eyes evaluated by experimentally masked observers. Neither of the mean changes in TBUT or IOP depended on the treatment …

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The Dominant Eye: Dominant For Parvo- But Not For Magno-Biased Stimuli?, Brian K. Foutch, Carl J. Bassi

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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Eye dominance is often defined as a preference for the visual input of one eye to the other. Implicit in this definition is the dominant eye has better visual function. Several studies have investigated the effect of visual direction or defocus on ocular dominance, but there is less evidence connecting ocular dominance and monocular visual thresholds. We used the classic “hole in card” method to determine the dominant eye for 28 adult observers (11 males and 17 females). We then compared contrast thresholds between the dominant and non-dominant eyes using grating stimuli biased to be processed more strongly either by …

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Hierarchy Of Evidence [Eps File], Judy Schmitt

Library Faculty Works

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Hierarchy of Evidence showing primary and secondary sources

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Short-Wavelength Light-Blocking Eyeglasses Attenuate Symptoms Of Eye Fatigue, Jonathan B. Lin, Blair W. Gerratt, Carl J. Bassi, Rajendra S. Apte

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects who wear short wavelength–blocking eyeglasses during computer tasks exhibit less visual fatigue and report fewer symptoms of visual discomfort than subjects wearing eyeglasses with clear lenses.

Methods: A total of 36 healthy subjects (20 male; 16 female) was randomized to wearing no-block, low-blocking, or high-blocking eyeglasses while performing a 2-hour computer task. A masked grader measured critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) as a metric of eye fatigue and evaluated symptoms of eye strain with a 15-item questionnaire before and after computer use.

Results: We found that the change in …

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Short-Wavelength Light-Blocking Eyeglasses Attenuate Symptoms Of Eye Fatigue, Carl Bassi, Jonathan Lin, Blair Gerratt, Rajendra Apte

College of Optometry Faculty Works

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects who wear short wavelength–blocking eyeglasses during computer tasks exhibit less visual fatigue and report fewer symptoms of visual discomfort than subjects wearing eyeglasses with clear lenses.Methods: A total of 36 healthy subjects (20 male; 16 female) was randomized to wearing no-block, low-blocking, or high-blocking eyeglasses while performing a 2-hour computer task. A masked grader measured critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) as a metric of eye fatigue and evaluated symptoms of eye strain with a 15-item questionnaire before and after computer use.Results: We found that the change in CFF after …

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Influence Of Macular Pigment Optical Density Spatial Distribution On Intraocular Scatter/Influencia De La Distribución Espacial De La Densidad Óptica Del Pigmento Macular Sobre La Dispersión Intraocular, Christopher M. Putnam, Pauline J. Bland, Carl Bassi

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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Purpose

This study evaluated the summed measures of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) spatial distribution and their effects on intraocular scatter using a commercially available device (C-Quant, Oculus, USA).

Methods

A customized heterochromatic flicker photometer (cHFP) device was used to measure MPOD spatial distribution across the central 16° using a 1° stimulus. MPOD was calculated as a discrete measure and summed measures across the central 1°, 3.3°, 10° and 16° diameters. Intraocular scatter was determined as a mean of 5 trials in which reliability and repeatability measures were met using the C-Quant. MPOD spatial distribution maps were constructed and the …

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Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution Effects On Glare Disability/Efectos De La Distribución Espacial Del Pigmento Macular En El Nivel De Discapacidad Por Deslumbramiento, Christopher M. Putnam, Carl J. Bassi

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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Purpose

This project explored the relationship of the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) spatial profile with measures of glare disability (GD) across the macula.

Methods

A novel device was used to measure MPOD across the central 16° of retina along four radii using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP)at eccentricities of 0°, 2°, 4°, 6° and 8°. MPOD was measured as discrete and integrated values at all measured retinal loci. GD was calculated as a difference in contrast sensitivity (CS) between no glare and glare conditions using identical stimuli presented at the same eccentricities. GD was defined as [(CSNo Glare − …

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Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution Effects On Glare Disability, Christopher Putnam, Carl Bassi

College of Optometry Faculty Works

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Purpose This project explored the relationship of the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) spatial profile with measures of glare disability (GD) across the macula. Results The cHFP identified reliable MPOD spatial distribution maps demonstrating a 1st-order exponential decay as a function of increasing eccentricity. There was a significant negative correlation between both measures of foveal MPOD and GD using 6cycles per degree (cpd) and 9cpd stimuli. Significant correlations were found between corresponding parafoveal MPOD measures and GD at 2 and 4° of eccentricity using 9cpd stimuli with greater MPOD associated with less glare disability. Conclusions These results are consistent with …

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Spatial Mapping Of Macular Pigment Optical Density And Its Relationship To Contrast Sensitivity And Glare Disability, Christopher Michael Putnam

Dissertations

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This dissertation explored the relationship of the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) spatial profile with measures of contrast sensitivity (CS), glare disability (GD), relative glare disability (RGD) and intraocular light scatter. A novel device capable of measuring MPOD across the central 16 degrees of retina along 8 principle meridians using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) at eccentricities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 degrees was built. MPOD was calculated as both discrete and integrated values at all measured retinal loci. CS was measured using vertical grating stimuli of 3, 6 and 9 cycles per degree (cpd) also presented at …

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Temporal Characteristics Of Monoptic, Dichoptic And Half-Binocular Collinear Lateral Masking Of Contrast Detection, Wesley Tod Kinerk

Dissertations

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Purpose: The temporal characteristics of dichoptic contrast integration across space in primary visual cortex are relatively unknown. This study investigated the effect of varying interstimulus interval (ISI) and flank duration on contrast detection threshold (CDT) of a sinusoid target under monoptic, dichoptic and half-binocular viewing. Methods: Eleven subjects with normal vision participated for a mean of 25 hours each. In the main experiment, target and flanks were 3 cpd vertical sinusoids with 6 lambda (sigma = 1.5 lambda) center-to-center vertical separation. Flank contrast was normalized to 3X flank CDT. Flanks were presented at 4 durations (67-500ms) and ISIs were presented …

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Near-Vision Acuity Levels And Performance On Neuropsychological Assessments Used In Occupational Therapy, Carl Bassi, Linda Hunt

College of Optometry Faculty Works

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We investigated how induced blur affects performance on the Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Test routinely used in occupational therapy cognitive evaluations. The study used a factorial design with both age (young and old adults) and simulated blur levels of near visual acuity (20/50 and 20/100) manipulated between participants. A sample of 124 healthy, community-living adults was used in the final analysis. Significant differences (p < .05) were found in performance for young participants between 20/50 and 20/100 blur level as well as between 20/20 and 20/100 blur level for the Digit Symbol Test. Scores for old participants decreased as a function of blur but were not significant. This study illustrates that cognitive evaluations used throughout the lifespan may require the appropriate visual acuity level to maximize performance. Occupational therapists’ understanding of client factors and their effect on performance is fundamental to the client evaluation process.

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Gender And Ovarian Hormone Effects On The Relative Contribution Of Chromaticity To Brightness, Brian Keith Foutch

Dissertations

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PURPOSE: The chromatic contribution to brightness perception was compared in males and females. METHODS: Direct brightness matching (DBM) and heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) were used to measure relative luminous efficiency, and DBM/HFP ratios were predicted to be higher for females than males on repeated measures and for each "primary" color. No gender differences were predicted in DBM or HFP measures. Within-females effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) levels, contraceptive use, and menstrual cycle phase were also investigated. It was expected that E2 would directly predict DBM/HFP ratios and that PG would antagonize that relationship. Based on that prediction, DBM/HFP …

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Longitudinal Changes In Visual Acuity In Keratoconus, Edward Bennett, Larry Davis, Kenneth Schechtman, Brad Wilson, Carol Rosenstiel, Colleen Riley, David Libassi, Ralph Gundel, Louis Rosenberg, Mae Gordon, Karla Zadnik

College of Optometry Faculty Works

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Purpose. The present investigation aimed to identify factors that predict reduced visual acuity in keratoconus from a prospective, longitudinal study.Methods. This report from the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study used 7 years of follow-up data from 953 CLEK subjects who did not have penetrating keratoplasty in either eye at baseline and who provided enough data to compute the slope of the change over time in high- or low-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Outcome measures included these slopes and whether the number of letters correctly read decreased by 10 letters or more in at least one eye in 7 …

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Longitudinal Changes In Visual Acuity In Keratoconus, Larry J. Davis, Kenneth B. Schechtman, Brad S. Wilson, Carol E. Rosenstiel, Colleen H. Riley, David P. Libassi, Ralph E. Gundel, Louis Rosenberg, Mae O. Gordon, Karla Zadnik, The Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation Of Keratoconus (Clek) Study Group

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

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purpose. The present investigation aimed to identify factors that predict reduced visual acuity in keratoconus from a prospective, longitudinal study.

methods. This report from the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study used 7 years of follow-up data from 953 CLEK subjects who did not have penetrating keratoplasty in either eye at baseline and who provided enough data to compute the slope of the change over time in high- or low-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Outcome measures included these slopes and whether the number of letters correctly read decreased by 10 letters or more in at least one eye in …

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Repeatability Of Corneal Topography Measurement In Keratoconus With The Tms-1, Larry Davis, Timothy Mcmahon, Robert Anderson, Cynthia Roberts, Ashraf Mahmoud, Loretta Szczotka-Flynn, Thomas Raasch, Nina Friedman

College of Optometry Faculty Works

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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to report the test–retest variability of simulated indices derived from the TMS-1 topography instrument (Tomey Technology, Waltham, MA) in keratoconus subjects enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study. Methods. Four images were taken at an initial visit and at a repeat visit several weeks later. From these images, 17 indices were simulated from published formulas. Mixed-model analysis was used on test–retest data from the TMS-1 videokeratography instrument during the baseline year. This analysis yields estimates of within- and between-visit variability. Results. Repeatability analysis revealed that within-visit standard errors were 1.0 …

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