Neurosciences Commons^™

Parental Mosaicism For Apparent De Novo Genetic Variants: Scope, Detection, And Counseling Challenges, Roni Zemet, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Paweł Stankiewicz

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

The disease burden of de novo mutations (DNMs) has been evidenced only recently when the common application of next-generation sequencing technologies enabled their reliable and affordable detection through family-based clinical exome or genome sequencing. Implementation of exome sequencing into prenatal diagnostics revealed that up to 63% of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with fetal structural anomalies are apparently de novo, primarily for autosomal dominant disorders. Apparent DNMs have been considered to primarily occur as germline or zygotic events, with consequently negligible recurrence risks. However, there is now evidence that a considerable proportion of them are in fact inherited from …

Co-Transmitting Neurons In The Lateral Septal Nucleus Exhibit Features Of Neurotransmitter Switching, Patrick J Hunt, Mikhail Kochukov, Brandon T Pekarek, Benjamin D W Belfort, Juan M Romero, Jessica L Swanson, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is a highly interconnected region of the central brain whose activity regulates widespread circuitry. As such, the mechanisms that govern neuronal activity within the LSN have far-reaching implications on numerous brain-wide nuclei, circuits, and behaviors. We found that GABAergic neurons within the LSN express markers that mediate the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Moreover, we show that these vGATLSN neurons release both GABA and ACh onto local glutamatergic LSN neurons. Using both short-term and long-term neuronal labeling techniques we observed expression of the cholinergic neuron marker Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in vGATLSN neurons. These findings provide evidence …

Prune1 C933g>A Synonymous Variant Induces Exon 7 Skipping, Disrupts The Dhha2 Domain, And Leads To An Atypical Nmihba Syndrome Presentation: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Christina L Magyar, David R Murdock, Lindsay C Burrage, Hongzheng Dai, Seema R Lalani, Richard A Lewis, Yuezhen Lin, Marcela F Astudillo, Jill A Rosenfeld, Alyssa A Tran, James B Gibson, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Carlos A Bacino, Brendan H Lee, Hsiao-Tuan Chao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Prune exopolyphosphatase-1 (PRUNE1) encodes a member of the aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) phosphodiesterase superfamily that regulates cell migration and proliferation during brain development. In 2015, biallelic PRUNE1 loss-of-function variants were identified to cause the neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain abnormalities (NMIHBA, OMIM#617481). NMIHBA is characterized by the namesake features and structural brain anomalies including thinning of the corpus callosum, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and delayed myelination. To date, 47 individuals have been reported in the literature, but the phenotypic spectrum of PRUNE1-related disorders and their causative variants remains to be characterized fully. Here, we report a novel homozygous …

Real-Time Fmri Neurofeedback And Ptsd: Efficacy In Symptom Relief And Neural Circuit Restoration, Sophia F. Ryker

University Honors Theses

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recognized by the DSM-V as resulting from exposure to a traumatic event and the subsequent, prolonged experience of intrusive symptoms, avoidance behavior, altered cognitive functioning and hyperarousal. Current treatments often do not provide relief from symptoms and there is a need for neuro-scientifically informed interventions.

Methods: Through the review of all available studies using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NF) as a treatment for PTSD, the efficacy of this therapeutic intervention was analyzed in order to make specific recommendations for the neurofeedback protocols of future studies.

Results: Evidence demonstrated successful reduction in symptom severity and normalizing …

Predictors Of Therapy Response In Chronic Aphasia: Building A Foundation For Personalized Aphasia Therapy, Sigfus Kristinsson, Dirk B. Den Ouden, Chris Rorden, Roger Newman-Norlund, Jean Neils-Strunjas, Julius Fridriksson

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Chronic aphasia, a devastating impairment of language, affects up to a third of stroke survivors. Speech and language therapy has consistently been shown to improve language function in prior clinical trials, but few clinicially applicable predictors of individual therapy response have been identified to date. Consequently, clinicians struggle substantially with prognostication in the clinical management of aphasia. A rising prevalence of aphasia, in particular in younger populations, has emphasized the increasing demand for a personalized approach to aphasia therapy, that is, therapy aimed at maximizing language recovery of each individual with reference to evidence-based clinical recommendations. In this narrative review, …

Making The Case For The Accelerated Withdrawal Of Aducanumab, Peter J. Whitehouse

Faculty Scholarship

U.S. Food and Drug Administration-s (FDA) approval of aducanumab (Aduhelm® in the US) as a treatment for mild cognitive impairment of the Alzheimer type and Alzheimer-s disease has raised such major concerns about efficacy, safety, FDA processes, and regulatory capture that Biogen-s license to market this biologic should be immediately withdrawn. Aducanumab has not demonstrated benefit to patients, failed to meet regulatory guidelines, and is likely to cause both individual and societal harm.

Discovery Of Potent Bet Bromodomain 1 Stereoselective Inhibitors Using Dna-Encoded Chemical Library Selections, Ram K Modukuri, Zhifeng Yu, Zhi Tan, Hai Minh Ta, Melek Nihan Ucisik, Zhuang Jin, Justin L Anglin, Kiran L Sharma, Pranavanand Nyshadham, Feng Li, Kevin Riehle, John C Faver, Kevin Duong, Sureshbabu Nagarajan, Nicholas Simmons, Stephen S Palmer, Mingxing Teng, Damian W Young, Joanna S Yi, Choel Kim, Martin M Matzuk

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

BRDT, BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 comprise the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily which contain two similar tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). Selective BD1 inhibition phenocopies effects of tandem BET BD inhibition both in cancer models and, as we and others have reported of BRDT, in the testes. To find novel BET BD1 binders, we screened >4.5 billion molecules from our DNA-encoded chemical libraries with BRDT-BD1 or BRDT-BD2 proteins in parallel. A compound series enriched only by BRDT-BD1 was resynthesized off-DNA, uncovering a potent chiral compound, CDD-724, with >2,000-fold selectivity for inhibiting BRDT-BD1 over BRDT-BD2. CDD-724 stereoisomers exhibited remarkable differences in …

On The Roles Of Trait Anxiety And Toll Like Receptor 4 In Amphetamine Sensitization In Adolescent Male Rats, Corey A. Calhoun

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Mammalian adolescence can be a difficult transition from childhood to adulthood, where increases in impulsivity and novelty- and risk-seeking are combined with heightened affect and elevated sensitivity to stress. Indeed, during adolescence, first drug use patterns emerge and in the continental United States, increasing misuse of amphetamines has been observed in adolescent youth. Myriad neural mechanisms underlie this shift in adolescence, including the dynamic remodeling of the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) pathway. Repeated drug administration affects neuroimmune substrates within the MCL circuit including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)Advances in addiction neuroscience indicate that drugs of abuse activate neural TLR4 and implicate glial TLR4 …

Crel And Wnt5a/Frizzled 5 Receptor-Mediated Inflammatory Regulation Reveal Novel Neuroprotectin D1 Targets For Neuroprotection, Jorgelina M. Calandria, Khanh V. Do, Sayantani Kala-Bhattacharjee, Andre Obenaus, Ludmila Belayev, Nicolas G. Bazan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Abstract: Wnt5a triggers inflammatory responses and damage via NFkB/p65 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells undergoing uncompensated oxidative stress (UOS) and in experimental ischemic stroke. We found that Wnt5a-Clathrin-mediated uptake leads to NFkB/p65 activation and that Wnt5a is secreted in an exosome-independent fashion. We uncovered that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its derivative, Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), upregulate c-Rel expression that, as a result, blunts Wnt5a abundance by competing with NFkB/p65 on the Wnt5a promoter A. Wnt5a increases in ischemic stroke penumbra and blood, while DHA reduces Wnt5a abundance with concomitant neuroprotection. Peptide inhibitor of Wnt5a binding, Box5, is also neuroprotective. DHA-decreased …

Electrographic Seizures In Neonates With A High Risk Of Encephalopathy, Wan-Hsuan Chen, Oi-Wa Chan, Jainn-Jim Lin, Ming-Chou Chiang, Shao-Hsuan Hsia, Huei-Shyong Wang, En-Pei Lee, Yi-Shan Wang, Cheng-Yen Kuo, Kuang-Lin Lin, On The Behalf Of The Icns Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy is caused by a wide variety of acute brain insults in newborns and presents with a spectrum of neurologic dysfunction, such as consciousness disturbance, seizures, and coma. The increased excitability in the neonatal brain appears to be highly susceptible to seizures after a variety of insults, and seizures may be the first clinical sign of a serious neurologic disorder. Subtle seizures are common in the neonatal period, and abnormal clinical paroxysmal events may raise the suspicion of neonatal seizures. Continuous video electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for the diagnosis of neonatal seizures. The aim of …

Berenice Final Analysis: Cardiac Safety Study Of Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, And Chemotherapy Followed By Adjuvant Pertuzumab And Trastuzumab In Her2-Positive Early Breast Cancer, Chau Dang, Michael S Ewer, Suzette Delaloge, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Ramon Colomer, Luis De La Cruz-Merino, Theresa L Werner, Katherine Dadswell, Mark Verrill, Daniel Eiger, Sriparna Sarkar, Sanne Lysbet De Haas, Eleonora Restuccia, Sandra M Swain

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Simple Summary

A combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with a type of breast cancer called HER2-positive. Before the BERENICE study, little was known about the safety and effectiveness of pertuzumab with trastuzumab after surgery. Cardiac safety was a particular concern, especially when the chemotherapy given before surgery included drugs called anthracyclines. BERENICE was designed to assess the cardiac safety of pertuzumab with trastuzumab before surgery in combination with two different types of anthracycline-based chemotherapies. This paper describes additional safety and effectiveness data from BERENICE after patients had undergone surgery and when they had …

Full- Versus Sub-Regional Quantification Of Amyloid-Beta Load On Mouse Brain Sections, Yuu Ohno, Riley Murphy, Matthew Choi, Weijun Ou, Rachita K. Sumbria

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques is one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is the target of the only FDA-approved disease-modifying treatment for AD. Accordingly, the use of transgenic mouse models that overexpress the amyloid precursor protein and thereby accumulate cerebral Aβ plaques are widely used to model human AD in mice. Therefore, immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunostaining, commonly measure the Aβ load in brain tissues derived from AD transgenic mice. Though the methods for Aβ detection and quantification have been well established and documented, the impact of the size of the …

A Weakened Recurrent Circuit In The Hippocampus Of Rett Syndrome Mice Disrupts Long-Term Memory Representations, Lingjie He, Matthew S Caudill, Junzhan Jing, Wei Wang, Yaling Sun, Jianrong Tang, Xiaolong Jiang, Huda Y Zoghbi

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Successful recall of a contextual memory requires reactivating ensembles of hippocampal cells that were allocated during memory formation. Altering the ratio of excitation-to-inhibition (E/I) during memory retrieval can bias cell participation in an ensemble and hinder memory recall. In the case of Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurological disorder with severe learning and memory deficits, the E/I balance is altered, but the source of this imbalance is unknown. Using in vivo imaging during an associative memory task, we show that during long-term memory retrieval, RTT CA1 cells poorly distinguish mnemonic context and form larger ensembles than wild-type mouse cells. Simultaneous multiple …

An Open Access Resource For Functional Brain Connectivity From Fully Awake Marmosets, David J. Schaeffer, L Martyn Klassen, Yuki Hori, Xiaoguang Tian, Diego Szczupak, Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen, Justine C. Cléry, Kyle M. Gilbert, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Cirong Liu, Stefan Everling, Afonso C. Silva

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is quickly gaining traction as a premier neuroscientific model. However, considerable progress is still needed in understanding the functional and structural organization of the marmoset brain to rival that documented in longstanding preclinical model species, like mice, rats, and Old World primates. To accelerate such progress, we present the Marmoset Functional Brain Connectivity Resource (marmosetbrainconnectome.org), currently consisting of over 70 h of resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) data acquired at 500 µm isotropic resolution from 31 fully awake marmosets in a common stereotactic space. Three-dimensional functional connectivity (FC) maps for every cortical and subcortical gray matter voxel …

Salience Coding In The Basal Forebrain And The Heterogeneous Underpinnings Underlying Novelty Computations, Kaining Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Humans and animals are consistently learning from the environment by interacting with it and getting feedback from their actions. In the environment, some objects are more important than others, because they are associated with reward, uncertainty, surprise, or novelty etc. These objects are salient to the animal. Salient objects attract attention and orientation, increase arousal, facilitate learning and memory, and affect reinforcement learning and credit assignment. However, the neural basis to support these effects is still not fully understood.We first studied how the basal forebrain, one of the principal sources of modulation of the neocortex, encodes salience events. We found …

Systematic Expression Profiling Of Dpr And Dip Genes Reveals Cell Surface Codes In Drosophila Larval Motor And Sensory Neurons, Yupu Wang, Meike Lobb-Rabe, James Ashley, Purujit Chatterjee, Veera Anand, Hugo J Bellen, Oguz Kanca, Robert A Carrillo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In complex nervous systems, neurons must identify their correct partners to form synaptic connections. The prevailing model to ensure correct recognition posits that cell-surface proteins (CSPs) in individual neurons act as identification tags. Thus, knowing what cells express which CSPs would provide insights into neural development, synaptic connectivity, and nervous system evolution. Here, we investigated expression of Dpr and DIP genes, two CSP subfamilies belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, in Drosophila larval motor neurons (MNs), muscles, glia and sensory neurons (SNs) using a collection of GAL4 driver lines. We found that Dpr genes are more broadly expressed than DIP genes …

A Preliminary Investigation Of Neuroantibody Levels, Prevalence, And Environmental Factors In Patients With Neurological Dysfunction, Jihan Azar

Theses and Dissertations

Nervous system damage comprises a large proportion of diseases worldwide. It is also the most difficult to diagnose. Biomarkers for nervous system damage are needed in order to diagnose these diseases early enough to allow for intervention. In this study, we recruited patients from two Egyptian hospitals with MCI, ET and NMS and health references. Serum autoantibody levels against neural proteins and heavy metals were analyzed and compared. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against neurofilament H (NFH), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and alpha synuclein (a-SYN) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody against neurofilament light (NFL) were among …

Estropause, Sex Hormones And Metal Homeostasis In The Mouse Brain, Tianbing Liu, Richard L. Bowen, Andrea C. Wilson, Craig S. Atwood

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alterations in brain metal ion homeostasis have been reported with aging and are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To assess whether age-related changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) hormones might be involved in modulating brain metal ion homeostasis, we treated 7.5-month intact, sham-ovariecomized and ovariectomized C57B6SJL mice with vehicle or leuprolide acetate (for 9-months) to differentiate between whether sex steroids or gonadotropins might modulate brain metal ion concentrations. Unlike other aging mammals, there was no increase in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations following estropause in mice, suggesting there was sufficient residual production by the follicle depleted …

Biliverdin Reductase Bridges Focal Adhesion Kinase To Src To Modulate Synaptic Signaling, Chirag Vasavda, Evan R Semenza, Jason Liew, Ruchita Kothari, Ryan S Dhindsa, Shruthi Shanmukha, Anthony Lin, Robert Tokhunts, Cristina Ricco, Adele M Snowman, Lauren Albacarys, Francesco Pastore, Cristian Ripoli, Claudio Grassi, Eugenio Barone, Michael D Kornberg, Xinzhong Dong, Bindu D Paul, Solomon H Snyder

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Synapses connect discrete neurons into vast networks that send, receive, and encode diverse forms of information. Synaptic function and plasticity—the neuronal process of adapting to diverse and variable inputs—depend on the dynamic nature of synaptic molecular components, which is mediated in part by cell adhesion signaling pathways. Here, we found that the enzyme biliverdin reductase (BVR) physically links together key focal adhesion signaling molecules at the synapse. BVR-null (BVR−/−) mice exhibited substantial deficits in learning and memory on neurocognitive tests, and hippocampal slices in which BVR was postsynaptically depleted showed deficits in electrophysiological responses to stimuli. …

The Effects Of Astrocytic Derived Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Igf-1) On Cognition And Astrocytes, Destiny Wilson

Honors Theses

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neuroendocrine signaling hormone that plays a vital role in growth and development, as well as learning and memory. Inhibition of this hormone results in cognitive impairments like those seen with age-related decline. While a majority of research has focused on the role of IGF-1 on neurons, the role of astrocytes still needs to be explored. Our research investigates how astrocytes and cognition are affected as a result of direct regulation of localized IGF-1 production in early development and after puberty. Preliminary studies in our laboratory established a connection between IGF-1 and glial fibrillary …

Gut Commensals Modulate Siv/Shiv Pathogenesis And Therapeutics, Samuel Johnson

Theses & Dissertations

Despite significant advancements in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), ongoing inflammation in the brain and gut remain two of the most significant hurdles in the health of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Additionally, a viral reservoir in each compartment inhibits cure efforts by allowing rapid viral rebound following cART interruption. Emerging understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA) implicates each compartment in the modulation of the other in a complex bi-directional interaction mediated by vagus innervation, circulating lymphocytes, and microbiome composition and biproducts. Using multiple models of the simian (and simian-human) immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) and therapeutic intervention, I present how …

Examining Levels Of Catecholamine Neurotransmitter Regulatory Proteins Within The Prefrontal Cortex Of Rodents Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Eleni Papadopoulos, Christopher P. Knapp, Claire M. Corbett, Jessica Loweth, Rachel L. Navarra

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from impact to the head can cause long lasting impairments of cognitive processes that lead to increased risk-taking behavior in clinical populations. Our laboratory has recently shown that female, but not age-matched male, rats increase preference for risky choices after multiple experimentally-induced mild TBI’s. Our overarching goal is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying TBI-induced increases in risk-taking behavior.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a prominent role in risk-based decision making. Sub[1]regions of the PFC include the medial PFC (mPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and these sub[1]regions play specific …

Plasmalogen Deficiency: A Risk Factor For Dementias And Potential Treatment Target, Mitchel A. Kling, Mallika Mendu, Rima F. Kaddurah-Daouk, Sheldon Jordan, Dayan B. Goodenowe

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Altered lipid metabolism is implicated in the risk of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD); however, the precise mechanisms accounting for findings from observational studies remains to be fully elucidated.

Plasmalogens are a subclass of integral membrane phospholipids with unique properties that appear to play important roles relevant to the pathophysiology of AD and ADRD, including vesicle fusion necessary for synaptic neurotransmitter release, modulation of membrane fluidity and microdomain dynamics, membrane antioxidant functions, and neuroprotection. Like the more familiar phosphatides, plasmalogens are synthesized on a 3-carbon glycerol backbone; however, they differ from phosphatides by the presence of a …

The Neuroprotective Effects Of Estradiol And Genistein In Zebra Finch Cerebellum, Renee E. Breaux

Honors Theses

The estradiol (E2) synthetic pathway converts testosterone to E2 via aromatase (AROM) and plays an important role in neuroplasticity. However, exogenous E2 increases cancer risk and interferes with gonadal function. Phytoestrogens, plant-based estrogens, may provide neuroprotection without negative E2 effects. Genistein (GEN), a soy phytoestrogen, preferentially binds to estrogen receptor beta (ER β), which is expressed at a relatively higher concentration than ER α in the cerebellum (CB). The songbird CB is an ideal model for steroid-mediated plasticity. Songbird brains are highly plastic and CB contains all steroid-synthetic enzymes. Previous studies in zebra finches (ZF) have shown that AROM and …

Neurosyphilis: A Monkey Among Men, Cameron Rowe Do, Nathan Buckley Do, Bhaskar Chhetri Md, Suresh Paudel Md

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Neurosyphilis is the progression of the untreated sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. When the initial infection is not adequately treated, progression of primary syphilis can lead to a wide variety of serious health sequelae. While neurosyphilis can appear up to 10-30 years after the initial infection, syphilis can invade the nervous system at any stage of infection and can imitate symptoms of many other diseases. This variety of symptoms is why syphilis has been called “The Great Pretender” or “The monkey among diseases” (12). This is a case report of an 83-year-old female with a history of multiple …

Cross-Species Genetic Screens Identify Transglutaminase 5 As A Regulator Of Polyglutamine-Expanded Ataxin-1, Won-Seok Lee, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Youjin Jang, Tao Lin, Carolyn J Adamski, Laura A Lavery, Smruti Rath, Ronald Richman, Vitaliy V Bondar, Elizabeth Alcala, Jean-Pierre Revelli, Harry T Orr, Zhandong Liu, Juan Botas, Huda Y Zoghbi

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Many neurodegenerative disorders are caused by abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded (polyQ-expanded) ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes neuronal toxicity. Lowering total ATXN1, especially the polyQ-expanded form, alleviates disease phenotypes in mice, but the molecular mechanism by which the mutant ATXN1 is specifically modulated is not understood. Here, we identified 22 mutant ATXN1 regulators by performing a cross-species screen of 7787 and 2144 genes in human cells and Drosophila eyes, respectively. Among them, transglutaminase 5 (TG5) preferentially regulated mutant ATXN1 over the WT protein. TG enzymes catalyzed cross-linking of ATXN1 in a polyQ-length–dependent manner, …

Effective Therapies And Nursing Approaches: Improving Cognition In Older Adult Stroke Patients, Selyna Baltazar

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background

Ischemic stroke occurs in thousands of older adults throughout the year. Due to the lack of oxygen entering the brain, many patients experience a decline in cognitive function due to ischemic stroke. Cognition is the ability to understand, learn, and remember information which is needed for completing daily tasks. Modern technology has allowed for patients to survive ischemic strokes but has yet to provide proper screening tools and methods for stroke-related cognitive impairment.

Objective

To investigate the best practices for identifying, treating, and caring for patients with a cognitive injury related to a stroke. A review of the research …

Safety Measures In The Epilepsy Monitoring Unit: An Organizational Assessment, Tina Yates

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Long-term video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) is an elective procedure and generally safe. Clinical experts determined the EMU protocols at a level-4 comprehensive epilepsy center were not followed correctly. The project is a retrospective chart audit incorporating Ray’s Bureaucratic Caring theoretical framework with Donabedian’s conceptual model. The project objective is to evaluate if safety measures protocols are implemented appropriately in the EMU and determine whether a need exists for quality improvements.

The project reviewed patients admitted to the EMU from September 2021 through November 2021 who developed a generalized tonic clonic (GTCs) seizure with electrographic epileptiform …

The Effects Of Executive Function Between Anxiety And Math Achievement In Adolescents, Mckenzie Hall

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Anxiety in Children can develop into pervasive disorders in adulthood if not treated. Research shows dysfunctional Executive Function (EF) and anxiety are both shown to have a negative impact on math achievement in children and adolescents (Trezise & Reeve, 2018; Kalaycioglu, 2015; Owens, Stevenson, Hadwin & Norgate, 2012). Chung, Weyandt, and Swentosky (2014) found biological and neuropsychological support for EF as a unitary and multifaceted processor for regulating our emotional states as well as our daily procedures. Anderson’s (2002) model of Executive Control System (ECS) allows the factors of EF to be examined using a developmental approach towards EF processes. …

Extracellular Vesicles Released After Cranial Radiation: An Insight Into An Early Mechanism Of Brain Injury, Suriyan Sukati, Jenni Ho, Luksana Chaiswing, Pradoldej Sompol, Harshul Shreekant Pandit, Wendy Wei, Tadahide Izumi, Quan Chen, Heidi Weiss, Teresa Noel, Subbarao Bondada, D. Allan Butterfield, Daret K. St. Clair

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Cranial radiation is important for treating both primary brain tumors and brain metastases. A potential delayed side effect of cranial radiation is neurocognitive function decline. Early detection of CNS injury might prevent further neuronal damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential diagnostic tool because of their unique membranous characteristics and cargos. We investigated whether EVs can be an early indicator of CNS injury by giving C57BJ/6 mice 10 Gy cranial IR. EVs were isolated from sera to quantify: 1) number of EVs using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA); 2) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker; and 3) …