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Articles 1 - 30 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Neurosciences
Effect Of Anesthesia And Diurnal Variation On Chronic Vagus Nerve Activity In Rats, Bhanu P. Kotamraju, Grant A. Mccallum, Dominique M. Durand
Effect Of Anesthesia And Diurnal Variation On Chronic Vagus Nerve Activity In Rats, Bhanu P. Kotamraju, Grant A. Mccallum, Dominique M. Durand
Faculty Scholarship
The vagus nerve, serving as a pivotal link between the brain and vital organs, regulates crucial physiological functions. It plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis within the body and must dynamically adapt to changing conditions such as anesthesia or sleep. While vagal tone, typically estimated indirectly from heart rate variability, has been extensively studied, direct measurement of vagal activity during sleep and anesthesia remains unreported to date. Recent technological advancements have facilitated the recording of vagus nerve activity in freely moving rodents using small, highly flexible carbon nanotube yarns. Consequently, it is now feasible to directly investigate vagal activity …
Movement Disorders In Relapsing And Progressive Ms: A Comprehensive Prospective Evaluation Of A Large Real-Life Cohort, Hannah Kelly, Rongyi Sun, Mohamed Elkasaby, Alexander Wang, Hesham Abboud
Movement Disorders In Relapsing And Progressive Ms: A Comprehensive Prospective Evaluation Of A Large Real-Life Cohort, Hannah Kelly, Rongyi Sun, Mohamed Elkasaby, Alexander Wang, Hesham Abboud
Faculty Scholarship
Background: Recent studies suggest that movement disorders are common in early MS. However, the frequency and clinical characteristics of movement disorders at all stages of MS remain unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and anatomical generators of movement disorders in relapsing and progressive MS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of adult MS patients from 2016 to 2022 at a neuroimmunology clinic. Patients were evaluated for demyelination-related movement disorders via a survey and focused examination. We classified movement disorders based on phenomenology and identified anatomic correlates according to lesion locations and relation to relapses. Findings were compared between …
Phosphotungstic Acid Staining To Visualize The Vagus Nerve Perineurium Using Micro-Ct, Aniruddha R. Upadhye, Jennifer Coleman, Michael W. Jenkins, David Wilson, Andrew J. Shoffstall
Phosphotungstic Acid Staining To Visualize The Vagus Nerve Perineurium Using Micro-Ct, Aniruddha R. Upadhye, Jennifer Coleman, Michael W. Jenkins, David Wilson, Andrew J. Shoffstall
Faculty Scholarship
Background and Purpose: Peripheral nerve stimulation is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating various disorders, but it is often limited by side effects, highlighting the need for a clear understanding of fascicular and fiber organization to design selective therapies. Micro-CT imaging of contrast-stained nerves enables the visualization of tissue microstructures, such as the fascicular perineurium and vasculature. In this work, we evaluated phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a contrast agent and assessed its compatibility with downstream histology. Methods: Human vagus nerve samples were collected from three embalmed cadavers and subjected to three different staining methods, followed by …
Heterogeneity Of Layer 1 Interneurons In The Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Chen Shen, Wanpeng Cui, Wen Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Heterogeneity Of Layer 1 Interneurons In The Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Chen Shen, Wanpeng Cui, Wen Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Faculty Scholarship
Cortical Layer 1 (L1) acts as a critical relay for processing long-range inputs. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs) in this layer (Layer 1 interneurons [L1INs]) function as inhibitory gates, regulating these inputs and modulating the activity of deeper cortical layers. However, their characteristics and circuits in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) remain poorly understood. Using biocytin labeling, we identified three distinct morphological types of mPFC L1INs: neurogliaform cells (NGCs), elongated NGCs (eNGCs), and single-bouquet cell-like (SBC-like) cells. Whole-cell recordings revealed distinct firing patterns across these subtypes: NGCs and eNGCs predominantly exhibited late-spiking (LS) patterns, and SBC-like cells displayed a higher prevalence …
Alzheimer’S Disease: Relationship Of Cognition And Behavior To Neurochemistry, Peter J. Whitehouse
Alzheimer’S Disease: Relationship Of Cognition And Behavior To Neurochemistry, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by loss of cells and synapses in specific neural systems. The development of more effective therapies will depend on understanding the relationships between this pathology and the cognitive and behavioral impairments. In this review, focusing primarily on work in our laboratory, we will examine both classic and neuropeptide neurotransmitter systems and will discuss conceptual and methodological problems in relating clinical and biological measures.
Building Toward Population Reserve And A Critical Positive Psychiatry, Peter J. Whitehouse
Building Toward Population Reserve And A Critical Positive Psychiatry, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Navigating Life: Neuroscience And Inclusive Design In Wayfinding Systems, Stephanie Jost, Piper Hutson, James Hutson
Navigating Life: Neuroscience And Inclusive Design In Wayfinding Systems, Stephanie Jost, Piper Hutson, James Hutson
Faculty Scholarship
Wayfinding, as conceptualized by Lynch, has transformed from traditional navigation methods reliant on visual cues and landmarks to modern systems that integrate digital technologies and neuroscience. This study addresses the need for accessible and consistent wayfinding systems that accommodate diverse user abilities, particularly in complex environments such as public transit, hospitals, and large institutions. Current systems often lack coordination, clear signage, and comprehensive coverage, leading to navigation challenges. Through a multi-method approach, including literature review and case study analysis, this research evaluates best practices for inclusive wayfinding. Key findings emphasize the importance of consistent visual design, strategic sign placement, and …
Risk For Diagnosis Or Treatment Of Mood Or Anxiety Disorders In Adults After Sars-Cov-2 Infection, 2020–2022, Christina X. Wang, Rhea Kohli, Veronica R. Olaker, Pauline Terebuh, Rong Xu, David C. Kaelber, Pamela B. Davis
Risk For Diagnosis Or Treatment Of Mood Or Anxiety Disorders In Adults After Sars-Cov-2 Infection, 2020–2022, Christina X. Wang, Rhea Kohli, Veronica R. Olaker, Pauline Terebuh, Rong Xu, David C. Kaelber, Pamela B. Davis
Faculty Scholarship
COVID-19 is associated with increased risks for mood or anxiety disorders, but it remains uncertain how the association evolves over time or which patient groups are most affected. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide database of electronic health records to determine the risk of depressive or anxiety disorder diagnoses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by 3-month blocks from January 2020 to April 2022. The study population comprised 822,756 patients (51.8% female; mean age 42.8 years) with COVID-19 and 2,034,353 patients with other respiratory tract infections (RTIs) (53.5% female, mean age 30.6 years). First time diagnoses of depressive or anxiety …
Poor Seizure Control Among Children Attending A Tertiary 8 Hospital In South Western Uganda – A Retrospective Study [Response To Letter], Martha Sajatovic
Poor Seizure Control Among Children Attending A Tertiary 8 Hospital In South Western Uganda – A Retrospective Study [Response To Letter], Martha Sajatovic
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Poor Seizure Control Among Children Attending A Tertiary Hospital In South Western Uganda – A Retrospective Study, Martha Sajatovic
Poor Seizure Control Among Children Attending A Tertiary Hospital In South Western Uganda – A Retrospective Study, Martha Sajatovic
Faculty Scholarship
Background: Seizure control among children with epilepsy (CWE) receiving anti-seizure medications (ASMs) remains a challenge in low-resource settings. Uncontrolled seizures are significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality among CWE. This negatively impacts their quality of life and increases stigma. Aim: This study determined seizure control status and described the factors associated among CWE receiving ASMs at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: In a retrospective chart review study, socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained from 112 medical records. CWE receiving ASMs for at least six months and regularly attending the clinic were included in the study. Physical or telephone …
Making The Case For The Accelerated Withdrawal Of Aducanumab, Peter J. Whitehouse
Making The Case For The Accelerated Withdrawal Of Aducanumab, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
U.S. Food and Drug Administration-s (FDA) approval of aducanumab (Aduhelm® in the US) as a treatment for mild cognitive impairment of the Alzheimer type and Alzheimer-s disease has raised such major concerns about efficacy, safety, FDA processes, and regulatory capture that Biogen-s license to market this biologic should be immediately withdrawn. Aducanumab has not demonstrated benefit to patients, failed to meet regulatory guidelines, and is likely to cause both individual and societal harm.
Regulatory Aspects Of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Toward A Harmonized Perspective, Peter J. Whitehouse
Regulatory Aspects Of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Toward A Harmonized Perspective, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
The development of the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its practical application have been intimately tied to attempts to produce therapeutic agents. Understanding the regulatory environment and determining the way in which it can be influenced are critical to the development of drugs and their eventual approval. In this article, we review some of the current challenges surrounding the concept of MCI relevant to drug development, summarize activities in various regions of the world, and conclude with some suggested next steps and an alternative framing for approving drugs for MCI and related conditions.
Alpha Synuclein In Hematopoiesis And Immunity, Robert W. Maitta
Alpha Synuclein In Hematopoiesis And Immunity, Robert W. Maitta
Faculty Scholarship
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and intracellular deposition of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra (SN), which can cause dopaminergic neuronal death, is the hallmark of this syndrome. α-synuclein (syn) is a small protein expressed mainly in neurons but can also be found in a number of tissues. It can be present as a soluble monomer under normal physiological conditions, but can be toxic in its oligomeric or fibrillary forms. Most of the available literature has focused on the effects of α-syn pathology in the mechanisms leading to PD. However, the normal functions of α-syn …
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Are Critical For Infrared Inhibition Of Action Potentials: An Experimental Study, Junqi Zhuo, Matthew T. Mcpheeters, Michael W. Jenkins, Hillel J. Chiel
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Are Critical For Infrared Inhibition Of Action Potentials: An Experimental Study, Junqi Zhuo, Matthew T. Mcpheeters, Michael W. Jenkins, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Thermal block of unmyelinated axons may serve as a modality for control, suggesting a means for providing therapies for pain. Computational modeling predicted that potassium channels are necessary for mediating thermal block of propagating compound action potentials (CAPs) with infrared (IR) light. Our study tests that hypothesis. Results suggest that potassium channel blockers disrupt the ability of IR to block propagating CAPs in Aplysia californica nerves, whereas sodium channel blockers appear to have no significant effect. These observations validate the modeling results and suggest potential applications of thermal block to many other unmyelinated axons.
Successful And Unsuccessful Attempts To Swallow In A Reduced Aplysia Preparation Regulate Feeding Responses And Produce Memory At Different Neural Sites, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Hillel J. Chiel
Successful And Unsuccessful Attempts To Swallow In A Reduced Aplysia Preparation Regulate Feeding Responses And Produce Memory At Different Neural Sites, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Sensory feedback shapes ongoing behavior and may produce learning and memory. Motor responses to edible or inedible food in a reduced Aplysia preparation were examined to test how sensory feedback affects behavior and memory. Feeding patterns were initiated by applying a cholinomimetic onto the cerebral ganglion. Feedback from buccal muscles increased the response variability and response rate. Repeated application of the cholinomimetic caused decreased responses, expressed in part by lengthening protractions. Swallowing strips of "edible" food, which in intact animals induces learning that enhances ingestion, increased the response rate, and shortened the protraction length, reflecting more swallowing. Testing memory by …
Design And Actuation Of A Fabric-Based Worm-Like Robot, Akhil Kandhari, Anna Mehringer, Hillel J. Chiel, Roger D. Quinn, Kathryn A. Daltorio
Design And Actuation Of A Fabric-Based Worm-Like Robot, Akhil Kandhari, Anna Mehringer, Hillel J. Chiel, Roger D. Quinn, Kathryn A. Daltorio
Faculty Scholarship
Soft-bodied animals, such as earthworms, are capable of contorting their body to squeeze through narrow spaces, create or enlarge burrows, and move on uneven ground. In many applications such as search and rescue, inspection of pipes and medical procedures, it may be useful to have a hollow-bodied robot with skin separating inside and outside. Textiles can be key to such skins. Inspired by earthworms, we developed two new robots: FabricWorm and MiniFabricWorm. We explored the application of fabric in soft robotics and how textile can be integrated along with other structural elements, such as three-dimensional (3D) printed parts, linear springs, …
Transdisciplinarity At The Boundaries: Exploring A Sylvan Metaphor For Health, Peter J. Whitehouse
Transdisciplinarity At The Boundaries: Exploring A Sylvan Metaphor For Health, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
Transdisciplinarity is an action oriented intellectual and ethical endeavor to address complex ecological, economic, and political challenges that humans face. Language is viewed as a powerful tool for necessary cultural change. Blending art and science looking for the difficult to define but critically important hidden spaces between apparently rigid conceptual structures is a core of transdisciplinarity. Metaphor is a particular powerful tool for examining boundaries and developing creative blends of structures and processes. Forests are biologically and culturally critical to life on the planet. In this paper we explore, a performance character named Sylvanus, the Tree Doctor, named after the …
Thermal Block Of Action Potentials Is Primarily Due To Voltage-Dependent Potassium Currents: A Modeling Study, Michael W. Jenkins, Hillel J. Chiel
Thermal Block Of Action Potentials Is Primarily Due To Voltage-Dependent Potassium Currents: A Modeling Study, Michael W. Jenkins, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Objective. Thermal block of action potential conduction using infrared lasers is a new modality for manipulating neural activity. It could be used for analysis of the nervous system and for therapeutic applications. We sought to understand the mechanisms of thermal block. Approach. To analyze the mechanisms of thermal block, we studied both the original Hodgkin/Huxley model, and a version modified to more accurately match experimental data on thermal responses in the squid giant axon. Main results. Both the original and modified models suggested that thermal block, especially at higher temperatures, is primarily due to a depolarization-activated hyperpolarization as increased temperature …
Soft-Surface Grasping: Radular Opening In Aplysia Californica, Catherine E. Kehl, Joey Wu, Sisi Lu, Richard F. Drushel, Rebekah K. Smoldt, Hillel J. Chiel
Soft-Surface Grasping: Radular Opening In Aplysia Californica, Catherine E. Kehl, Joey Wu, Sisi Lu, Richard F. Drushel, Rebekah K. Smoldt, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Grasping soft, irregular material is challenging both for animals and robots. The feeding systems of many animals have adapted to this challenge. In particular, the feeding system of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a generalist herbivore, allows it to grasp and ingest seaweeds of varying shape, texture and toughness. On the surface of the grasper of A. californica is a structure known as the radula, a thin flexible cartilaginous sheet with fine teeth. Previous in vitro studies suggested that intrinsic muscles, I7, are responsible for opening the radula. Lesioning I7 in vivo does not prevent animals from grasping and ingesting …
Anti-Correlated Cortical Networks Arise From Spontaneous Neuronal Dynamics At Slow Timescales, Nathan X. Kodama, Tianyi Feng, James J. Ullett, Hillel J. Chiel, Siddharth S. Sivakumar, Roberto F. Galán
Anti-Correlated Cortical Networks Arise From Spontaneous Neuronal Dynamics At Slow Timescales, Nathan X. Kodama, Tianyi Feng, James J. Ullett, Hillel J. Chiel, Siddharth S. Sivakumar, Roberto F. Galán
Faculty Scholarship
In the highly interconnected architectures of the cerebral cortex, recurrent intracortical loops disproportionately outnumber thalamo-cortical inputs. These networks are also capable of generating neuronal activity without feedforward sensory drive. It is unknown, however, what spatiotemporal patterns may be solely attributed to intrinsic connections of the local cortical network. Using high-density microelectrode arrays, here we show that in the isolated, primary somatosensory cortex of mice, neuronal firing fluctuates on timescales from milliseconds to tens of seconds. Slower firing fluctuations reveal two spatially distinct neuronal ensembles, which correspond to superficial and deeper layers. These ensembles are anti-correlated: when one fires more, the …
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Disclosing Genetic Risk Information For Alzheimer Disease Via Telephone, Peter J. Whitehouse, Melissa Barber Butson
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Disclosing Genetic Risk Information For Alzheimer Disease Via Telephone, Peter J. Whitehouse, Melissa Barber Butson
Faculty Scholarship
Purpose: Telephone disclosure of genetic test results can improve access to services. To date, studies of its impact have focused on return of Mendelian risk information, principally hereditary cancer syndromes.Methods: In a multisite trial of Alzheimer disease genetic risk disclosure, asymptomatic adults were randomized to receive test results in person or via telephone. Primary analyses examined patient outcomes 12 months after disclosure.Results: Data from 257 participants showed that telephone disclosure occurred 7.4 days sooner and was 30% shorter, on average, than in-person disclosure (both P < 0.001). Anxiety and depression scores were well below cutoffs for clinical concern across protocols. Comparing telephone and in-person disclosure protocols, 99% confidence intervals of mean differences were within noninferiority margins on scales assessing anxiety, depression, and test-related distress, but inconclusive about positive impact. No differences were observed on measures of recall and subjective impact. Subanalyses supported noninferiority on all outcomes among apolipoprotein E (APOE) I 4-negative participants. Subanalyses were inconclusive for APOE I 4-positive participants, although mean anxiety and depression scores were still well below cutoffs for clinical concern. Conclusion: Telephone disclosure of APOE results and risk for Alzheimer disease is generally safe and helps providers meet demands for services, even when results identify an increased risk for disease.
Selective Inhibition Of Small-Diameter Axons Using Infrared Light, Emilie H. Lothet, Kendrick M. Shaw, Hui Lu, Junqi Zhuo, Yves T. Wang, Shi Gu, Hillel J. Chiel, Michael W. Jenkins
Selective Inhibition Of Small-Diameter Axons Using Infrared Light, Emilie H. Lothet, Kendrick M. Shaw, Hui Lu, Junqi Zhuo, Yves T. Wang, Shi Gu, Hillel J. Chiel, Michael W. Jenkins
Faculty Scholarship
Novel clinical treatments to target peripheral nerves are being developed which primarily use electrical current. Recently, infrared (IR) light was shown to inhibit peripheral nerves with high spatial and temporal specificity. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that IR can selectively and reversibly inhibit small-diameter axons at lower radiant exposures than large-diameter axons. We provide a mathematical rationale, and then demonstrate it experimentally in individual axons of identified neurons in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, and in axons within the vagus nerve of a mammal, the musk shrew Suncus murinus. The ability to selectively, rapidly, and reversibly control small-diameter …
Robustness, Flexibility, And Sensitivity In A Multifunctional Motor Control Model, David N. Lyttle, Jeffrey P. Gill, Peter J. Thomas, Hillel J. Chiel
Robustness, Flexibility, And Sensitivity In A Multifunctional Motor Control Model, David N. Lyttle, Jeffrey P. Gill, Peter J. Thomas, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Motor systems must adapt to perturbations and changing conditions both within and outside the body. We refer to the ability of a system to maintain performance despite perturbations as “robustness,” and the ability of a system to deploy alternative strategies that improve fitness as “flexibility.” Different classes of pattern-generating circuits yield dynamics with differential sensitivities to perturbations and parameter variation. Depending on the task and the type of perturbation, high sensitivity can either facilitate or hinder robustness and flexibility. Here we explore the role of multiple coexisting oscillatory modes and sensory feedback in allowing multiphasic motor pattern generation to be …
Prevalence And Incidence Of Neurological Disorders Among Adult Ugandans In Rural And Urban Mukono District; A Cross-Sectional Study, Michael Devereaux, Anthony Furlan, Martha Sajatovic
Prevalence And Incidence Of Neurological Disorders Among Adult Ugandans In Rural And Urban Mukono District; A Cross-Sectional Study, Michael Devereaux, Anthony Furlan, Martha Sajatovic
Faculty Scholarship
Background: The burden of neurological diseases is increasing in developing countries. However, there is a prominent scarcity of literature on the incidence of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the prevalence and incidence of neurological diseases in this setting to serve as a baseline for planning and care for neurological disorders in Uganda. Methods: The study was conducted within rural and urban Mukono district, east of Kampala city of Uganda, central region. Over a period of six months, a cross sectional survey was conducted and screening was performed using a standardized questionnaire. All subjects …
Communication-Microelectrode Detection Of Cholesterol Efflux From The Human Buccel Mucosa, Xiaochun Yu, Thomas J. Kelley, Hillel J. Chiel, James D. Burgess
Communication-Microelectrode Detection Of Cholesterol Efflux From The Human Buccel Mucosa, Xiaochun Yu, Thomas J. Kelley, Hillel J. Chiel, James D. Burgess
Faculty Scholarship
It has previously demonstrated that cholesterol efflux from the cell plasma membrane is increased in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to a wild-type control. A noninvasive means of characterizing plasma membrane cholesterol efflux at the surface of airway tissue of CF patients is needed to extend the trends found in animal models of CF to the human disease state. Microelectrode-induced cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane of cells at the surface of tissue is proposed as a strategy to demonstrate increased cholesterol efflux for CF in human subjects. Data demonstrating detection of cholesterol efflux from the human …
Post-Stroke Depression Among Stroke Survivors Attending Two Hospitals In Kampala Uganda, Martha Sajatovic, Kathyleen Smyth
Post-Stroke Depression Among Stroke Survivors Attending Two Hospitals In Kampala Uganda, Martha Sajatovic, Kathyleen Smyth
Faculty Scholarship
Background: The burden of stroke worldwide is increasing rapidly. There is paucity of data on post-stroke depression (PSD) among stroke survivors in Uganda, despite the high prevalence of PSD reported elsewhere. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed adult participants with confirmed first stroke with a standardized questionnaire. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess for depression among non-aphasic patients while the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale was administered to aphasic patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses performed to describe associations with PSD. Results: Forty three females (58.9%) and 30 males (41.1%) who had a stroke participated. Fifty eight (79.5%) had …
Preparing The Periphery For A Subsequent Behavior: Motor Neuronal Activity During Biting Generates Little Force But Prepares A Retractor Muscle To Generate Larger Forces During Swallowing In Aplysia, Hui Lu, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Miranda J. Cullins, Hillel J. Chiel
Preparing The Periphery For A Subsequent Behavior: Motor Neuronal Activity During Biting Generates Little Force But Prepares A Retractor Muscle To Generate Larger Forces During Swallowing In Aplysia, Hui Lu, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Miranda J. Cullins, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Some behaviors occur in obligatory sequence, such as reaching before grasping an object. Can the earlier behavior serve to prepare the musculature for the later behavior? If it does, what is the underlying neural mechanism of the preparation? To address this question, we examined two feeding behaviors in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, one of which must precede the second: biting and swallowing. Biting is an attempt to grasp food. When that attempt is successful, the animal immediately switches to swallowing to ingest food. The main muscle responsible for pulling food into the buccal cavity during swallowing is the I3 …
A Randomized Noninferiority Trial Of Condensed Protocols For Genetic Risk Disclosure Of Alzheimer's Disease, Peter J. Whitehouse, Melissa Barber Butson
A Randomized Noninferiority Trial Of Condensed Protocols For Genetic Risk Disclosure Of Alzheimer's Disease, Peter J. Whitehouse, Melissa Barber Butson
Faculty Scholarship
Introduction Conventional multisession genetic counseling is currently recommended when disclosing apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype for the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitively normal individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of brief disclosure protocols for disclosing APOE genotype for the risk of AD. Methods A randomized, multicenter noninferiority trial was conducted at four sites. Participants were asymptomatic adults having a first-degree relative with AD. A standard disclosure protocol by genetic counselors (SP-GC) was compared with condensed protocols, with disclosures by genetic counselors (CP-GC) and by physicians (CP-MD). Preplanned co-primary outcomes were anxiety and depression scales …
The Significance Of Dynamical Architecture For Adaptive Responses To Mechanical Loads During Rhythmic Behavior, Kendrick M. M. Shaw, David N. Lyttle, Jeffrey P. Gill, Miranda J. Cullins, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Hui Lu, Peter J. Thomas, Hillel J. Chiel
The Significance Of Dynamical Architecture For Adaptive Responses To Mechanical Loads During Rhythmic Behavior, Kendrick M. M. Shaw, David N. Lyttle, Jeffrey P. Gill, Miranda J. Cullins, Jeffrey M. Mcmanus, Hui Lu, Peter J. Thomas, Hillel J. Chiel
Faculty Scholarship
Many behaviors require reliably generating sequences of motor activity while adapting the activity to incoming sensory information. This process has often been conceptually explained as either fully dependent on sensory input (a chain reflex) or fully independent of sensory input (an idealized central pattern generator, or CPG), although the consensus of the field is that most neural pattern generators lie somewhere between these two extremes. Many mathematical models of neural pattern generators use limit cycles to generate the sequence of behaviors, but other models, such as a heteroclinic channel (an attracting chain of saddle points), have been suggested. To explore …
Modeling Of The Dorsal Gradient Across Species Reveals Interaction Between Embryo Morphology And Toll Signaling Pathway During Evolution, Priscilla Ambrosi, Juan Sebastian Chahda, Hannah R. Koslen, Hillel J. Chiel, Claudia Mieko Mizutani
Modeling Of The Dorsal Gradient Across Species Reveals Interaction Between Embryo Morphology And Toll Signaling Pathway During Evolution, Priscilla Ambrosi, Juan Sebastian Chahda, Hannah R. Koslen, Hillel J. Chiel, Claudia Mieko Mizutani
Faculty Scholarship
Morphogenetic gradients are essential to allocate cell fates in embryos of varying sizes within and across closely related species. We previously showed that the maternal NF-κB/Dorsal (Dl) gradient has acquired different shapes in Drosophila species, which result in unequally scaled germ layers along the dorso-ventral axis and the repositioning of the neuroectodermal borders. Here we combined experimentation and mathematical modeling to investigate which factors might have contributed to the fast evolutionary changes of this gradient. To this end, we modified a previously developed model that employs differential equations of the main biochemical interactions of the Toll (Tl) signaling pathway, which …