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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Neurosciences
Effect Of Background Synaptic Activity On Excitatory-Postsynaptic Potential-Spike Coupling, Veronika Zsiros
Effect Of Background Synaptic Activity On Excitatory-Postsynaptic Potential-Spike Coupling, Veronika Zsiros
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Neurons receive large amount of synaptic inputs in vivo, which may impact the coupling between EPSPs and spikes. We mimicked the in vivo synaptic activity of the cell with the dynamic clamp system. We recorded from pyramidal cells in neocortical slices in vitro to investigate how timing and probability of spike generation in response to an EPSP is affected by background synaptic conductance under these conditions. We found that near threshold, background synaptic conductance improved the precision of spike timing by reducing the depolarization-related prolongation of the EPSP. In cells with ongoing spike activity and background synaptic conductances, an …
Effects Of Neurobehavioral Assessment On Feeding And Weight Gain In Preterm Neonates, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy
Effects Of Neurobehavioral Assessment On Feeding And Weight Gain In Preterm Neonates, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications
Neonatal intensive care unit personnel and parents often are concerned that developmental assessment will tire preterm neonates and impair their feeding ability and subsequent weight gain. Therefore, the amount of fluid consumed by 108 preterm neonates (≤36.5 wk gestational age) was compared before and after administration of the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI). In addition, the weight gain of 35 preterm neonates who were administered the NAPI was compared with that of a matched control group of 35 preterm neonates who were not administered the NAPI. There were no differences in the amount of fluid consumed before and …
Incidence And Correlates Of Breast Milk Feeding In Hospitalized Preterm Infants, K. A. Espy, T. E. Senn
Incidence And Correlates Of Breast Milk Feeding In Hospitalized Preterm Infants, K. A. Espy, T. E. Senn
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications
The majority of epidemiological studies of breast feeding have been conducted in healthy, fullterm infant samples. Little is known about the incidence and correlates of breast milk feeding in preterm infants, particularly in those born outside of metropolitan areas. Therefore, hospital medical charts of 151 consecutively admitted preterm infants (
Effects Of Environmental Measures On Intelligence In Young Children: Growth Curve Modeling Of Longitudinal Data, K. A. Espy, Victoria J. Molfese, L. Dilalla
Effects Of Environmental Measures On Intelligence In Young Children: Growth Curve Modeling Of Longitudinal Data, K. A. Espy, Victoria J. Molfese, L. Dilalla
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications
Examined the effects of different environmental measures on individual intellectual growth patterns in 105 young children participating in a longitudinal study. Intelligence (Stanford-Binet, 4th edition) was measured at ages 3 through 6 yrs, and child's environment was assessed at age 3 years using SES data and scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory. Growth curve analyses revealed that HOME scores exerted a constant influence on the expected composite, verbal, and nonverbal intellectual skills at each age. Only SES influenced the rate of growth, specifically nonverbal intellectual skills. The magnitudes of these effects were moderate, but …
Gaze-Centered Updating Of Visual Space In Human Parietal Cortex., W Pieter Medendorp, Herbert C Goltz, Tutis Vilis, J Douglas Crawford
Gaze-Centered Updating Of Visual Space In Human Parietal Cortex., W Pieter Medendorp, Herbert C Goltz, Tutis Vilis, J Douglas Crawford
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Single-unit recordings have identified a region in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the monkey that represents and updates visual space in a gaze-centered frame. Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified an analogous bilateral region in the human PPC that shows contralateral topography for memory-guided eye movements and arm movements. Furthermore, when eye movements reversed the remembered horizontal target location relative to the gaze fixation point, this PPC region exchanged activity across the two cortical lobules. This shows that the human PPC dynamically updates the spatial goals for action in a gaze-centered frame.
The Lateral Occipital Complex Subserves The Perceptual Persistence Of Motion-Defined Groupings., Susanne Ferber, G Keith Humphrey, Tutis Vilis
The Lateral Occipital Complex Subserves The Perceptual Persistence Of Motion-Defined Groupings., Susanne Ferber, G Keith Humphrey, Tutis Vilis
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
How are the bits and pieces of retinal information assembled and integrated to form the coherent objects that we see? One long-established principle is that elements that move as a group are linked together. For instance a fragmented line-drawing of an object, placed on a background of randomly distributed short lines, can be impossible to see. But if the object moves relative to the background, its shape is instantly recognized. Even after the motion stops, the percept of the object persists briefly before it fades into the background of random lines. Where in the brain does the percept of the …
Efecto De La Gnrh En El Proceso Del Reconocimiento Maternal De La Preñez Sobre La Supervivencia Embrionaria En Alpacas., Mariluz Araínga, Victor Leyva V., Wilber Garcia V., Enrique Franco Li.
Efecto De La Gnrh En El Proceso Del Reconocimiento Maternal De La Preñez Sobre La Supervivencia Embrionaria En Alpacas., Mariluz Araínga, Victor Leyva V., Wilber Garcia V., Enrique Franco Li.
Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience
The effect of GnRH administered around the time of maternal recognition of prenancy on the embryonic survival rate was studied. This study used 67 adult female alpacas sexually receptive to the male, and bearing a preovulatory follicle ≥ 7mm, detected by rectal ultrasonography. Animals were distributed in three groups: Go (n=23) as control; G1 (n=22) received 6 µg GnRH on day 4 after ovulation; and G2 (n=22) received 4 µg GnRH on days 8 and 9 after ovulation. The ocurrence of ovulation was confirmed through the detection of a corpus luteum (CL) on day 5 after ovulation. Fertilization and gestation …
Actinomyces Pyogenes Causante De Aborto En Bovinos, Mariluz Araínga, Nieves Sandoval Ch., Erik R. Zacharias, Hermelinda Rivera G.
Actinomyces Pyogenes Causante De Aborto En Bovinos, Mariluz Araínga, Nieves Sandoval Ch., Erik R. Zacharias, Hermelinda Rivera G.
Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience
A case of fetal bovine abortion due to Actinomyces pyogenes in a dairy herd of Cieneguilla valley of Lima, Peru is reported. A bovine fetus of four months of gestation was aborted and submitted for laboratory examination. Macroscopic lesions in fetal tissues were not found with the exception of numerous white foci up to 1mm in diameter in the lungs. Various fetal tissue samples were collected for virologic, bacteriologic and histopathologic examinations. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum antigen were ruled out by immunohistochemistry but, pure colonies of A. pyogenes were isolated from the lung and other fetal …
Residency Program At Michael E Debakey Department Of Surgery, Baylor College Of Medicine, F Charles Brunicardi
Residency Program At Michael E Debakey Department Of Surgery, Baylor College Of Medicine, F Charles Brunicardi
Faculty, Staff and Students Publications
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Ethanol On Anti-Saccade Task Performance., Sarah A Khan, Kristen Ford, Brian Timney, Stefan Everling
Effects Of Ethanol On Anti-Saccade Task Performance., Sarah A Khan, Kristen Ford, Brian Timney, Stefan Everling
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
It has been shown that saccade-related neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) display an increased level of prestimulus activity and a higher stimulus-related burst in action potentials preceding direction errors in the anti-saccade task compared with correct anti-saccades. From this, it has been hypothesized that errors occur when the incoming visual signal in the SC passes a threshold and triggers a reflexive saccade. This hypothesis predicts that an attenuated visual signal will reduce the number of direction errors. Since ethanol has been shown to have a suppressive effect on cortical visual event-related potentials (ERPs), the purpose of the present study …
Hierarchical Processing In Spoken Language Comprehension., Matthew H Davis, Ingrid Johnsrude
Hierarchical Processing In Spoken Language Comprehension., Matthew H Davis, Ingrid Johnsrude
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Understanding spoken language requires a complex series of processing stages to translate speech sounds into meaning. In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain regions that are involved in spoken language comprehension, fractionating this system into sound-based and more abstract higher-level processes. We distorted English sentences in three acoustically different ways, applying each distortion to varying degrees to produce a range of intelligibility (quantified as the number of words that could be reported) and collected whole-brain echo-planar imaging data from 12 listeners using sparse imaging. The blood oxygenation level-dependent signal correlated with intelligibility along the …
Vinpocetine For Cognitive Impairment And Dementia, Peter J. Whitehouse
Vinpocetine For Cognitive Impairment And Dementia, Peter J. Whitehouse
Faculty Scholarship
Background: Vinpocetine is a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine, a vinca alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the Lesser Periwinkle (Vinca minor) and discovered in the late 1960s. Although used in human treatment for over twenty years, it has not been approved by any regulatory body for the treatment of cognitive impairment. Basic sciences studies have been used to claim a variety of potentially important effects in the brain. However, despite these many proposed mechanisms and targets, the relevance of this basic science to clinical studies is unclear. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine in the treatment …
Relationships Between Human Auditory Cortical Structure And Function, Deborah A Hall, Heledd C Hart, Ingrid Johnsrude
Relationships Between Human Auditory Cortical Structure And Function, Deborah A Hall, Heledd C Hart, Ingrid Johnsrude
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The human auditory cortex comprises multiple areas, largely distributed across the supratemporal plane, but the precise number and configuration of auditory areas and their functional significance have not yet been clearly established. In this paper, we discuss recent research concerning architectonic and functional organisation within the human auditory cortex, as well as architectonic and neurophysiological studies in non-human species, which can provide a broad conceptual framework for interpreting functional specialisation in humans. We review the pattern in human auditory cortex of the functional responses to various acoustic cues, such as frequency, pitch, sound level, temporal variation, motion and spatial location, …
A Contrast-Based Neural Control System For Ant Navigation, Joanna R. Wares, Predrag-Peter Ilich, Daniel P. Dougherty
A Contrast-Based Neural Control System For Ant Navigation, Joanna R. Wares, Predrag-Peter Ilich, Daniel P. Dougherty
Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications
A mathematical model for a neural control system of ant locomotion was developed. Contrast-based detectors using excitation and inhibition were tuned to specific contrast orientations. A control system using multiple orientation contrast detectors was then developed and optimized for a model ant, which could move via a biased random walk. The system allowed sufficient control to guide the ant through various mazes.