Periodontics and Periodontology Commons^™

Pathogenicity Of Treponema Denticola Wild-Type And Mutant Strain Tested By An Active Mode Of Periodontal Infection Using Microinjection, Jacques Izard, Hajime Sasaki, Ralph Kent

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The available passive mode of periodontal infections in mice requires high efficiency of bacterial attachment and invasiveness and is not always suitable to test the pathogenicity of genetically engineered mutant strains. We developed an active mode of oral infection, using microinjection in the marginal gingiva of mice, to test the pathogenicity of a genetically engineered Treponema denticola mutant strain deficient in intermediate-like filaments, compared to the wild-type strain. This targeted mode of infection inoculates the bacterial strain to be tested directly at a lesion site (needle entry point) located at the future periodontal lesion site. The efficiency of T. …

Shining A New Light On Selective Polishing, Caren M. Barnes

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

The era of selective polishing is over. Polishing is an integral procedure provided by dental hygienists. Patients look forward to the resultant smooth, clean feeling, and dental hygienists must ensure that all patients are polished according to their individual needs—ensuring the safety of their teeth and restorations.

Evaluation Of A Revised Curriculum: A Four-Year Qualitative Study Of Student Perceptions, Sharon K. Lanning, Angela P. Wetzel, Meredith B. Baines, B. Ellen Byrne

Periodontics Publications

Following curricular revisions at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, this longitudinal study was designed to determine students' perceptions of their educational experience in the revised curriculum. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) open-ended response questionnaire was administered to students in the class of 2011 (N=89) in January of each academic year, 2008 through 2011, followed by focus groups three months prior to graduation. The overall response rate for the questionnaire was 69 percent, and a total of fourteen students participated in four focus groups. Cumulatively, 1,382 responses (SWOT=984 and focus groups=398) were qualitatively analyzed, and five themes …

Factors Correlated With Post-Orthodontic Treatment Gingival Enlargement, Erin Arnold

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: It has been established that gingival inflammation is exacerbated during puberty, in women taking oral contraceptives, and during pregnancy. Increased levels of sex hormones are implicated in the changes in periodontal conditions. It has also been established that treatn1ent with fixed orthodontic appliances presents a favorable situation for plaque accumulation, making oral hygiene more difficult to maintain. Therefore, it was hypothesized that adolescents receiving orthodontic therapy during their pubertal growth peak, might be more susceptible to gingival enlargement than those being treated outside of puberty. Orthodontists often seek to treat adolescent patients during their pubertal growth peak and utilize …

A Study Of The Management Of Opioid Prescriptions Among Patients With A History Of Substance Abuse, Kara G. Veeder

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Prescription opioid abuse is the fastest-growing drug problem in the United States and has been declared an epidemic by the U.S. White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. Immediate release (IR) opioids, especially hydrocodone and oxycodone, are abused or misused most commonly. Dentists are only second to family physicians in the number of IR opioid prescriptions written. Just under ten percent of the population in the United States in 2010 were classified with substance dependence or abuse in 2009. This study poses the following questions: 1. Do patients with a personal or family history of substance abuse manage prescription …

Activity Of Epithelial Defensin Hbd-3 Against A Periodontal Pathogen, Norman B. Fine

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Defensins are cationic (positive-charged) peptides with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity. In humans, there are two types of defensins, alpha (α) and beta (β). Human neutrophils contain four α-defensins known as Human Neutrophil Peptide (HNP) 1-4. Epithelial cells produce four β-defensins known as Human Beta Defensin (HBD) 1-4. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that are associated with periodontal disease are resistant to human α-defensins, but are killed by β-defensins.

HBD-3 is the most active β-defensin. HBD-3 is a longer peptide than HNP 1-4. HBD-3 has additional amino acid residues with hydrophobic side chains near the N-terminus and residues with cationic side chains at the …

Inhibition Of Monocyte Chemotaxis And Chemokine Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha, And Interleukin-8 Secretion By Lipopolysaccharide Isolated From Periodontal Pathogens, Andrew Karl Gray

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The vast majority of periodontal pathogens are classified as gram negative bacteria. These bacteria have an outermost membrane consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a molecule that can act as an endotoxin and elicit an immune response. The lipopolysaccharide structure consists of three major regions: oligosaccharide, core, and lipid A. Oligosaccharide is exposed on the cell surface, and lipid A anchors LPS in the outer membrane. LPS has been known to hinder certain defensive mechanisms of the immune system by secreting products that interfere with signals that promote chemotaxis of leukocytes enabling the pathogens to go unrestricted. When LPS binds to the …

The Evolution Of Prophy Paste, Caren M. Barnes

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

Dental hygienists have many products to choose from when deciding which prophy paste is best for each patient. To date, the evidence supporting prophy pastes formulated to remineralize enamel or eliminate dentinal hypersensitivity is somewhat unclear. Most of the research has been conducted in vitro among environments that do not accurately simulate clinical conditions. Additional clinical research performed in vivo is needed to provide the evidence base necessary for effective clinical decision making.

Faculty Impressions Of Dental Students’ Performance With And Without Virtual Reality Simulation, Riki Gottlieb, Sharon K. Lanning, John C. Gunsolley, Judith A. Buchanan

Periodontics Publications

This study compared faculty perceptions and expectations of dental students’ abilities using virtual reality simulation (VRS) to those who did not use virtual reality simulation (non-VRS) in an operative dentistry preclinical course. A sixteen-item survey with a ten-point rating scale and three open-ended questions asked about students’ abilities in ergonomics, confidence level, performance, preparation, and self-assessment. The surveys were administered three times to a small group of preclinical faculty members. First, faculty members (n=12, 92 percent response rate) gave their perceptions of non-VRS students’ abilities at the end of their traditional course. Secondly, faculty members (n=13, 100 percent response rate) …

Animal Models For Periodontal Disease, Helieh S. Oz, David A. Puleo

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

Animal models and cell cultures have contributed new knowledge in biological sciences, including periodontology. Although cultured cells can be used to study physiological processes that occur during the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the complex host response fundamentally responsible for this disease cannot be reproduced in vitro. Among the animal kingdom, rodents, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and nonhuman primates have been used to model human periodontitis, each with advantages and disadvantages. Periodontitis commonly has been induced by placing a bacterial plaque retentive ligature in the gingival sulcus around the molar teeth. In addition, alveolar bone loss has been induced by inoculation or …

Factors Affecting Gingival Excess, Altered Passive Eruption And Recession In The Mandibular Anterior And Premolar Sites, William Bohlen

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract FACTORS AFFECTING GINGIVAL EXCESS, ALTERED PASSIVE ERUPTION AND RECESSION IN THE MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR AND PREMOLAR SITES By William F Bohlen, D.M.D. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Thomas Waldrop, DDS, MS Program director, Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting gingival excess, altered passive eruption and recession. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and models of their mandible were fabricated. Demographic, periodontal and cast measurements were …

The Prevalence Of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption In A Dental School Population., Francisco Carlos

Theses and Dissertations

AIM: The aim of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of maxillary altered passive eruption in a dental school population. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and had models fabricated of their maxilla. Demographic, periodontal, cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Demographic variables recorded included age, gender, and ethnicity, history of orthodontic treatment, presence of incisal /occlusal wear, appearance of gingival excess, and presence of gingival asymmetry. Measurements made on cast included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height, and distance from the lateral gingival zenith to the gingival aesthetic line. Clinical crown width-to-length ratio was calculated. …

Statins Regulate Il-1Β - Induced Rankl And Opg Production By Human Gingival Fibroblasts, Ivelina Jurkowski

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Three-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase competitive inhibitors, also known as statins, are widely used agents for lowering cholesterol and reducing the risk for a heart attack. Recent data suggest that statins influence bone metabolic activity by stimulating new bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. Bone resorption in periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is orchestrated by the interaction of various cytokines in the inflamed tissue, produced by immune cells and also by resident cells such as human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Three molecules, members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and receptor superfamilies, regulate the process of …

Peripheral Taste System In Inbred Mouse Strains, William Wes Shelton

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Taster and non-taster mice strains have been used extensively in animal taste research. Inbred mouse strains C57 and FVB have been proposed to be tasters, where as strains 129 and Balb/C are classified as non-tasters. Therefore, evaluating the peripheral taste system in these mice is of great importance to determine if there are morphological differences that might explain the physiological classification. The purpose of the present study was to determine if inbred mice that have been shown to be tasters have a larger number of fungiform papillae, have larger fungiform papillae and have larger taste buds. My work in this …

An In-Depth Look At Air Polishing, Caren M. Barnes

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

Air polishing has been available for four decades, however, the concept is based on a technology invented by Dr. Robert Black in 1945. Dr. Black invented the Air Dent, a device that used compressed air, water, and a highly abrasive powder to eliminate pain from cavity preparation, making anesthesia unnecessary. The Air Dent had numerous problems that could not be overcome, but Dr. Black never gave up on his idea. The technology he invented became the basis of air polishing and was first marketed in 1976. By the late 1970s, air polishing was readily available.

Air polishing represents the most …

Periodontal Disease And Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Treatment Recommendations For The Pregnant Patient, Tabitha Price

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Polishing Esthetic Restorative Materiai, Caren M. Barnes

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

When esthetic dental restorations are encountered during charting, they should be included in the treatment plan for the specific polishing procedures that are required. If the brand and type of esthetic restoration are known through the patient chart, the polishing procedures and products used should be those recommended by the manufacturer. If not possible, alternative polishing procedures should be used. A cleaning agent containing feldspar and rubber polishing cup can be used on all esthetic restorative materials with no chance of damage to the surface characterization.

The principles for polishing esthetic restorations are the same as for natural teeth. If …

Bactericidal Effects Of Low Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma On Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Arwa Mahasneh

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The biomedical application of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (LTAPP) is a collaborative interest for engineering, medical, dental and biological researchers. This laboratory study tested whether LTAPP can limit growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen strongly associated with periodontal disease, disease progression, and refractory periodontitis. Methods: After extensive pilot trials, the study consisted of 24 agar plate samples of P. gingivalis- 20 samples were exposed to LTAPP at 5, 7, 9 and 10 minutes and 4 control samples were exposed to helium gas only. Immediately after exposures, the samples were incubated anaerobically for 72 hour at …

Heritability Of Autoantibody Levels In A Twin Population, Amal Rastogi

Theses and Dissertations

AIM: This study aims to determine what portion of specific autoantibody phenotypes are genetically determined by using a twin model. METHODS: This study specifically examines Anti-Ro(SSA), Anti-La (SSB), Anti-Sn/RNP, Anti-Sm, Anti-Jo-1, Anti-Scl-70, Anti-Tg & Anti-TPO, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-PS, and Anti-cardiolipin antibodies for their heritability. This study examined 104 same-sex adult twins (66 monozygous, 38 dizygous) for the above mentioned autoantibody values. The serum autoantibody values in each subject were quantified using automated ELISA. Descriptive statistics including, distributions, quantiles, and moments were calculated by zygosity for continuous antibody values, subject ages, gender, race and smoking status. Categorical antibody levels were used to …

Frequency Of Tlr-2, 4, 9 And Cd14 Polymorphisms In Aggressive Periodontitis Population In African-Americans, Melanie Chou

Theses and Dissertations

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes, including Toll like receptors (TLR) -2, -4, -9, and CD14 in chronic (CP), localized (LAP) and generalized aggressive (GAP) periodontitis and periodontally healthy (NP) patients in an African American population. Methods: A total of 205 subjects were involved in the study. The LAP group consists of 25 subjects, the GAP group 50 subjects, the CP group 73 subjects and the NP group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 (C260T) genes by …

The Effect Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Snps) In Toll-Like Receptors -2, -4, -9, And Cd14 Genes In An African-American Population With Chronic Periodontitis, Willard Maughan

Theses and Dissertations

AIM: to determine if a relationship exists between TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, or CD14 polymorphisms and risk for developing chronic periodontal disease in an African-American population. This is the first study conducted to determine role of SNPs in TLR genes and CD14 gene in a periodontally-diseased African-American population. Additionally, this is the first study to assess the role of TLR-9 polymorphism in periodontitis patients. METHODS: A total of 130 subjects were involved in the study. The chronic periodontitis (CP) group contained 73 subjects, and the healthy control (NP) group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 …

Effect Of Methamphetamine On Gingival Fibroblast Production Of Matrix Metalloproteinase (Mmp)-2 And -9 And Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase (Timp)-1 And -2 In Vitro, Owais Ali Farooqi

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with "METH mouth" characterized by rampant caries and periodontitis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by gingival fibroblasts degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play an important role in periodontitis and oral cancer metastasis. There is no information on effects of METH on fibroblast MMP production, or its role in periodontitis or tumor metastasis.

Objective: Determine effect of METH on gingival fibroblast MMP production and activity.

Methods: A human gingival fibroblast cell line was used. METH cytotoxicity was determined by measuring its effects on activity of a mitochondrial enzyme. Cells were cultured ± METH (1x10^-6- …

Differential Stimulation Of Monocytes To Secrete Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor By Lipopolysaccharide Of Periodontal Pathogens, Jason Todd Primm

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or endotoxin, is the major component of the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria. LPS is a potent activator of cells of the immune and inflammatory systems, including macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells, and contributes to systemic changes known as septic shock. Each LPS molecule has three regions: oligosaccharide, core, and lipid A. Oligosaccharide is exposed on the cell surface, and lipid A anchors LPS in the outer membrane. Recent studies from our lab demonstrated that LPS of periodontal pathogens suppresses neutrophil's ability to secrete super oxide ions and also shown it to interfere with neutrophil chemotaxis. These factors …

Factors Influencing Contrast Resolution Of Cone Beam Ct Using The Cb Mercuray, Roger M. Anderson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has an application in all dental specialties. CBCT is an aid in implant dentistry to evaluate anatomical landmarks in both quality and quantity. Hounsfield Unit (HU) values represent a grayscale that is standardized on CT machines relative to the density of water and air. It has been reported that the HU value represents an actual value of the bone density. However, recent studies at Loma Linda University have suggested that HU values retrieved using CBCT machines may be altered by various factors.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the specific dosage …

Dental Anatomy Carving Computer-Assisted Instruction Program: An Assessment Of Student Performance And Perceptions, Elizabeth T. Nance, Sharon K. Lanning, John C. Gunsolley

Periodontics Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of students exposed to two different instructional modalities for dental anatomy wax carving: CAI (computer-assisted instruction) using DVD technology, or traditional laboratory instruction. Students’ self-assessment scores were also compared to faculty scores, and students’ perceptions of their teaching modality were analyzed. Seventy-three first-year dental students (response rate 81 percent) participated in this randomized single blind trial, in which faculty graders were blinded to student group assignment. There were no statistical differences, as determined by the Wilcoxon non-parametric test and a t-test, between the faculty grades on the wax carving from …

Effects Of 5 Different Finger Rest Positions On Arm Muscle Activity During Scaling By Dental Hygiene Students, Mary E. Cosaboom-Fitzsimons, Susan Lynn Tolle, Michele L. Darby, Martha L. Walker

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the effects of 5 different finger rest positions: opposite arch, standard intraoral, basic extraoral, cross arch, and finger on finger on the muscle activity of 4 forearm muscles (extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, biceps brachii, and pronator teres) during a simulated periodontal scaling experience.

Methods. A convenience sample of 32 consenting senior dental hygiene students who met inclusion criteria participated. Using a 4 x 5 counter-balanced research design, each participant used a Gracey 11/12 curet to scale one cc of artificial calculus from first permanent molar typodont teeth (#3,14,19,30). Five different …

Communication Skills Instruction Utilizing Interdisciplinary Peer Teachers: Program Development And Student Perceptions, Sharon K. Lanning, Sonya L. Ranson, Rita M. Willett

Periodontics Publications

Lack of curricular time, faculty time, and funding are potential limitations for communication skills training in dentistry. Interdisciplinary collaboration amongst health care faculties could address these limitations. This article describes the development, implementation, and student perceptions of a communication skills program in dentistry. The program has four components: Knowledge, Observation, Simulation, and Experience (KOSE) and spans over the second and third years of dental school. KOSE allows students to obtain knowledge of and observe effective communication skills and practice these skills in the simulated and nonsimulated environment. A key feature of KOSE is the utilization of fourth-year medical and dental …

Reproducibility Of Two Non-Consecutive Scans Using A Newtom 3g; In Vitro Model, Hyoung Jin Park

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of mineral density measurement expressed in Hounsfield Units (HU) using a phantom device with known mineral densities and the NewTom 3G Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: A phantom device made of 21 HA cylindrical disks with known densities was fabricated. The phantom was scanned in 6, 9, and 12 inch fields of view using a NewTom 3G CBCT. The scans were repeated at non-consecutive sessions. Volumetric data in each of the scans were formatted to DICOM images. HU values of the regions of interest were retrieved …

Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Coating On Titanium Surfaces And Its Effect On Early Bone Response And Osseointegration, Nicole Besu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The clinical success of dental implants is determined mostly by surface properties of implants and interactions with surrounding tissues. Furthermore, clinical success of dental implants is directed by implant surfaces and bone cell responses that promote osseointegration and long-term stability. Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated Titanium (Ti) implants have been widely used due to its effect on bone response. However, microbial infection is common. One material known to have anti-microbial properties is silver (Ag). However, the effects Ag has on osteoblastic activity as well as decrease bacterial load has yet to be determined.

In this study, the effect of Ag-doped HA coatings on …

Effects Of Tricalcium Phosphate Coated Titanium On Adjacent Early Bone Formation, Bristol Williams

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Dental implants are the gold standard of restorative dentistry today. Implants have been used for several years in Orthopedics. Dental implants are an important treatment option for several patients today. When a patient is fully or partially dentate, they are given the opportunity to restore their dentition in ways similar to their natural oral cavity. The past literature states that titanium is one of the first metals used in implant placement. There have been many improvements made on this material. Most modifications have been used in order to promote more bone growth around these implants. Several different coating materials have …