Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Understanding The Impact Of Antibiotic Perturbation On The Human Microbiome, Drew J Schwartz, Amy E Langdon, Gautam Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization resistance, and food metabolism. Perturbation of the gut microbiome's ecological balance, commonly by antibiotics, can cause and exacerbate diseases. To predict and successfully rescue such perturbations, first, we must understand the underlying taxonomic and functional dynamics of the microbiome as it changes throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood. We offer an overview of the healthy gut bacterial architecture over these life stages and comment on vulnerability to short and long courses of antibiotics. Second, the resilience of the …

When Patients Die: Patient Memorials And Group Reflection In An Internal Medicine Residency Program, Nicole Oakman, Jonathan Lim, Christine Bui, Holland Kaplan, Stephanie Sherman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patient death is a formative and emotional experience for physicians. Medical trainees are particularly susceptible to the emotional impact of patient death. However, few studies have examined how trainees process patient death. This study describes annual patient memorials organized at a large multisite academic graduate medical education program. Peer-led, 1-hour patient memorial services were organized for internal medicine residents, including large and small group reflection, a moment of silence, and collective art projects. At the conclusion of each memorial, participants completed a 10-question survey regarding their experience during the memorial and their prior experiences with patient death. Ninety-nine surveys were …

Integrated Multiparametric Radiomics And Informatics System For Characterizing Breast Tumor Characteristics With The Oncotypedx Gene Assay, Michael A. Jacobs, Christopher B. Umbricht, Vishwa S. Parekh, Riham H. El Khouli, Leslie Cope, Katarzyna J. Macura, Susan Harvey, Antonio C. Wolff

Radiology Faculty Publications

Optimal use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can identify key MRI parameters and provide unique tissue signatures defining phenotypes of breast cancer. We have developed and implemented a new machine-learning informatic system, termed Informatics Radiomics Integration System (IRIS) that integrates clinical variables, derived from imaging and electronic medical health records (EHR) with multiparametric radiomics (mpRad) for identifying potential risk of local or systemic recurrence in breast cancer patients. We tested the model in patients (n = 80) who had Estrogen Receptor positive disease and underwent OncotypeDX gene testing, radiomic analysis, and breast mpMRI. The IRIS method was trained …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - September 27, 2020, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the September 27, 2020 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

Rayner partners with center of excellence in vector-borne diseases

Chang featured in AAMC News

Mark your calendar: Upcoming grand rounds

Student’s experience as an EMT eventually led to medical school

Med School Café video online: 'Female Urinary Incontinence'

2020-09-27_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173-526911--,00.html.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data is updated on an ongoing basis.

The data below represents a cumulative total of confirmed COVID-19 resident cases, cumulative total of suspected and confirmed resident deaths, cumulative total of confirmed COVID-19 staff cases, and cumulative total of suspected and confirmed staff deaths reported by SNFs in Michigan since January 1, 2020. Case numbers are provisional and may change as facilities correct …

2020-09-27_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

Covid-19: Additional Challenges For Dentists ?, Abdelaziz Ghanemi

Health Sciences

The current COVID-19 has impacted all life aspects and especially the healthcare sector. Indeed, healthcare workers have been on the frontline since the epidemic started. Dentists are among the most exposed health care workers since their patients cannot keep the mask when receiving dental care (unlike other medical professions) which makes dentists more at risk of receiving the COVID-19-causing coronavirus directly from the respiratory system of their patients. The financial burden comes as an additional charge. The COVID-19 makes operating dental care more requiring in terms of sterilization, cleaning, social distancing, sanitizing, etc. All these, requirements increase the expenses the …

Covid-19 And Social Isolation Endangering Psychological Health Of Older Adults: Implications For Telepsychiatry, Kavita Batra, Amanda Elizabeth Morgan, Manoj Sharma

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has created a public health emergency and had claimed 911,877 lives at the time of writing this manuscript (September 12, 2020). While everybody is at the risk of acquiring infection following the exposure to SARS-CoV-2, older adults are significantly more likely to experience severe illness, life-threatening complications, hospitalizations, and deaths. As the pandemic evolved, social distancing or shielding efforts as primary prevention were instituted to protect the physical health status of the vulnerable population, with no or limited consideration to the psychological health of the older population. Social isolation and loneliness are the long-standing public health concerns …

Clinical Efficacy Of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy For Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus Infection After Liver Transplantation In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mohamed Saleh Ismail, Manal Hassan, Saira Aijaz Khaderi, Wael Ahmed Yousry, Maha Mohsen Kamal El-Din, Mohamed Mohamed Bahaa El-Din, Osama Aboelfotoh El Sayed, Ahmed Omar Kaseb, John Alan Goss, Fasiha Kanwal, Prasun Kumar Jalal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of transplanted liver allografts is universal in patients with detectable HCV viremia at the time of transplantation. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has been adopted as the standard of care for recurrent HCV infection in the post-transplant setting. However, there are insufficient data regarding its efficacy in liver transplant (LT) recipients with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the risk of HCC recurrence after DAA therapy is unknown.

AIM: To demonstrate predictors of DAA treatment failure and HCC recurrence in LT recipients.

METHODS: A total of 106 LT recipients given DAAs for recurrent …

Utilization Of A Double Robot To Promote Critical Thinking By Novice Student Physical Therapists, Bonnie L. Rogulj, Mechelle Roy, Megan Dickerson

Physical Therapy Collection

This presentation discusses the clinical significance of the utilization of a double robot during a simulated telehealth session by novice student physical therapists to develop critical thinking skills. We demonstrate how to create a simulated telehealth session utilizing a double robot to promote critical thinking by novice student physical therapists. Finally, the limitations for virtual healthcare simulation are addressed as well as strategies for successful outcomes in the development of critical thinking skills.

My Covid-19 Experience And Social-Distance Graduation, Hailey Gabettie

Community Reflections

This global pandemic was quickly changing the way we live our lives. One of my most memorable moments through this pandemic was my high school graduation.

Endothelin 1-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Is Largely Mediated By Jun Activation., Olivia J Marola, Stephanie B Syc-Mazurek, Gareth R Howell, Richard T Libby

Faculty Research 2020

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina. Multiple lines of evidence show the endothelin (EDN, also known as ET) system is important in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. To date, the molecular mechanisms within RGCs driving EDN-induced RGC death have not been clarified. The pro-apoptotic transcription factor JUN (the canonical target of JNK signaling) and the endoplasmic reticulum stress effector and transcription factor DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP) have been shown to act downstream of EDN receptors. Previous studies demonstrated that JUN and DDIT3 were important …

2020-09-26_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

2020-09-26_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

2020-09-26_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. It is updated Monday - Saturday.
This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/RT-PCR) and rapid virus antigen detection point of …

Implementing Nudges For Suicide Prevention In Real-World Environments: Project Inspire Study Protocol, Molly Davis, Courtney Benjamin Wolk, Shari Jager-Hyman, Rinad S Beidas, Jami F Young, Jennifer A Mautone, Alison M Buttenheim, David S Mandell, Kevin G Volpp, Katherine Wislocki, Anne Futterer, Darby Marx, E L Dieckmeyer, Emily M Becker-Haimes

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

Background: Suicide is a global health issue. There are a number of evidence-based practices for suicide screening, assessment, and intervention that are not routinely deployed in usual care settings. The goal of this study is to develop and test implementation strategies to facilitate evidence-based suicide screening, assessment, and intervention in two settings where individuals at risk for suicide are especially likely to present: primary care and specialty mental health care. We will leverage methods from behavioral economics, which involves understanding the many factors that influence human decision making, to inform strategy development.

Methods: We will identify key mechanisms that limit …

Tdp-43 Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability And Leukocyte Infiltration Promote Neurodegeneration In A Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation Mouse Model, Frank Zamudio, Anjanet R. Loon, Shayna Smeltzer, Khawla Benyamine, Nanda K. Navalpur Shanmugam, Nicholas J. F. Stewart, Daniel C. Lee, Kevin Nash, Maj-Linda B. Selenica

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions containing TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a neuropathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Emerging evidence also indicates that systemic inflammation may be a contributor to the pathology progression of these neurodegenerative diseases.

METHODS: To investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the progression of neuronal TDP-43 pathology, AAV9 particles driven by the UCHL1 promoter were delivered to the frontal cortex of wild-type aged mice via intracranial injections to overexpress TDP-43 or green fluorescent protein (GFP) in corticospinal motor neurons. Animals were then subjected …

Letters That Will Not Be Read, Kaila Pomeranz

Journal of Wellness

No abstract provided.

2020-09-25_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

Patient And Parent Perceptions On Outcomes In Early Orthodontic Treatment, Joseph Phillips, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontics has clinical benefits, however, the psychosocial outcomes are not well understood. These soft benefits are often classified as aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial, however, there is limited work understanding these outcomes as reported directly from the patient. By better understanding the patient’s perspectives, we can continually refine our clinical model to be patient-centric and more appropriately manage the patient’s expectations and experiences. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional qualitative study of 20 parents of 24 children ages 8-11 years. Participants were remotely interviewed using a semi-structured chronologically based line of questioning to elucidate their perceived outcomes of early …

Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Arch Expansion With Corticotomy-Assisted Clear Aligner Therapy, Thomas Roblee, Robert R. Boyd, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT) has been utilized for years to overcome the limitations encountered with traditional orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar and alveoloskeletal malocclusions. The procedure, which consists of full flap corticotomies and bone grafting, has many proposed benefits including increased speed and range of tooth movement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate arch expansion in patients treated with SFOT and clear aligners. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate 51 consecutive adult patients that were treatment planned for significant arch expansion with corticotomies, bone grafting, and clear aligners. 17 of the …

Prevalence Of Short Root Anomaly In Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment, Tim Howarth, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate variance in prevalence and severity of short root anomaly (SRA) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, stratified by ethnicity and sex. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 896 patients who had initial cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) taken from July 1, 2014 to May 30, 2019. Panoramic radiographs and images from the CBCTs of each patient were extracted and placed in a database. The crown-to-root ratio of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and all pre-molars were evaluated to determine the presence, severity and associations of SRA. A Chi-square …

Prediction Of Class Iii Treatment Need And Success, Andrew Levin, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated treatment outcomes of consecutively treated patients at UCSF from Jan 1st 2007-Jan 1st 2012 and UoP from May 1st, 2014 – May 1st 2019. Receiver operator curves were used to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Predictor variables were selected a priori (Class III-WITS, U1-PP, IMPA). The prognostic models were validated first using a UCSF validation cohort to show consistency …

Invisalign First: A Qualitative Study On The Perceived Benefits And Drawbacks Of Invisalign First As A Treatment Modality For Mixed Dentition Patients, Erin Walker, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Given the recent implementation of Invisalign First for early interceptive orthodontic treatment, a limited number of orthodontists have had experience with this treatment modality and there currently are no published studies on the topic. The present study aims to use a qualitative survey to identify common themes in providers’ perceptions of Invisalign First as a new treatment option for early interceptive orthodontics. Twenty-three orthodontists in the private practice sector voluntarily participated in an open-ended survey via email. The results of the survey indicate the following common themes in regards to benefits of Invisalign First: fewer emergencies, patient comfort, patient experience, …

Association Of Type And Severity Of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts With Combined Genotypes Of Rfc1 80 Ga, Mthfr 677 Ct, Irf6 (Rs642961) And Irf6 (Rs2235371) Gene Polymorphisms In An Indian Population, Chantal Hakim Dds, Msd, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Miroslav Tolar Md, Phd

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Association of type and severity of nonsyndromic OROFACIAL CLEFTS with combined genotypes of RFC1 80 GA, MTHFR 677 CT, IRF6 rs642961 and rs2235371 gene polymorphisms in an Indian population Abstract By Chantal Hakim University of the Pacific. Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry 2020 Introduction. Genetic etiology of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts comprises many genes acting together. However, little is known about their interactions. The purpose of our study was to analyze associations of phenotypic subtypes of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts with combinations of four genotypes involving candidate gene polymorphisms. Materials and Methods. We analyzed a large dataset of cases and controls collected …

The World Pressed A Pause On Life, Cassandra Anonymous

Community Reflections

Class assignment HI 102 Western Civilization: Since 1500.

For many weeks I looked at the disadvantages that COVID-19 brought, and then I started seeing personal positives.

My Baseball Season That Was Canceled, Ryan Wicker

Community Reflections

My experience posted describes my experience from my baseball season that was canceled because of COVID-19.

Living Our Lives With Uncertainty, Jenna Seggio

Community Reflections

This is a look into how my life was during the Covid-19 pandemic. I think it is crazy how I am living through history and I want future generations to know how my life was during this pandemic. I hope that when people read my contribution to remember Covid-19 that they get a feel for how everyone had to live through 2020. I am grateful for all of the health care workers and for everyone doing their part and wearing their masks and social distancing.

The World Came To A Screeching Halt, Anonymous

Community Reflections

March 12th, that is the first day I realized Covid’s severity. NBA player Rudy Gobert tests positive for Covid and the entire NBA season was paused. At this point I’m thinking, if someone as big and famous as Gobert contracted the virus then anyone can get it.

A Break From The Outside World, Anonymous

Community Reflections

I took quarantine as a break from the outside world and used it as a time to work on my mental health. I looked at it as a time to self-reflect and learned to take things day by day.