Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of An Electronic Order Set On Newborn Hepatitis B Immunization Rates, Daniel Pedersen, Angelina Rodriguez, Olu Oyesanmi, Heather Schramm, Michael King

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Objective

Hepatitis B is an infectious deoxyribonucleic acid virus which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is no current definitive treatment, however in the United States immunization is widely available. A paper published by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices/Centers for Disease Control (ACIP/CDC) in 2018 made updated recommendations regarding vaccination practices in the United States. The most notable change made was that all healthy newborns weighing ≥2000 g with a negative hepatitis B-status mother should receive hepatitis B immunization within 24 hours of birth. This quality improvement project studied the effect of the electronic medical record newborn admission …

Preconceptional Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation In 2 Low-Resource Countries Results In Distinctly Different Igf-1/Mtor Placental Responses, Marisol Castillo-Castrejon, Ivana V. Yang, Elizabeth J. Davidson, Sarah J. Borengasser, Purevsuren Jambal, Jamie Westcott, Jennifer F. Kemp, Ana Garces, Sumera Aziz Ali, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Preconceptional maternal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQLNS) improved intrauterine linear growth in low-resource countries as demonstrated by the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial (WF). Fetal growth is dependent on nutrient availability and regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through changes in placental transfer capacity, mediated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the role of placental mTOR and IGF-1 signaling on fetal growth in women from 2 low-resource countries with high rates of stunting after they received preconceptional SQLNS.
Methods: We studied 48 women from preconception through delivery who were …

Elderly Musculoskeletal Disease Burden In Karachi, Pakistan: Associations And Implications For Developing Countries, Saniya Sabzwari, Zafar Fatmi, Adeel Ahmed Khan

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: The global rise in the older population has increased the rates of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, conditions that impact mobility and functionality. There is limited data on musculoskeletal disease in older populations residing in developing countries.
Methods: A community-based study using multistage cluster random sampling of older individuals was conducted in Karachi. Predefined criteria were used for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Gait assessment was performed.
Results: More than half of the participants were females and 53% reported illiteracy. Around 30% had osteoporosis and two-thirds had osteoarthritis. Multivariate analysis showed associations of female sex, Pashtun ethnicity, illiteracy, and hypertension with the combined …

Short Term Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On Pulmonary Function In Healthy Adult Smokers When Compared To Conventional Cigarette Use, Kayleen Lynch, Rachel Bastianelli

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) first appeared on the U.S. market in 20071 , but to date, little is known about their safety. Concern about long term adverse effects on overall health continues to increase as we explore the potential of e-cigarettes to aid in smoking cessation practices. E-cigarettes have gained popularity and support through this idea that by using them to help patients quit smoking, the benefits of ultimately abstaining from tobacco use will outweigh the harms associated with e-cigarette use¹ . While the idea of reducing tobacco usage by any means possible remains the goal for most providers, …

Healthcare Workers Hospitalized With Covid-19: Outcomes From The Burden Of Covid-19 Study At The University Of Louisville Center Of Excellence For Research In Infectious Diseases [Cerid], Ruth Carrico, T'Shura S. Ali, Maria Hill, Lucia B. Puga Sanchez, Catherine M. Bryan, Dawn Balcom, Stephen P. Furmanek, Amr Aboelnasr, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: On March 6, 2020, the current ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, reached the commonwealth of Kentucky. Within days, the first cases of infection and hospitalization were identified among healthcare workers (HCW) in Kentucky, other states in the U.S., and around the world. There is little information available regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the HCW population within this area. The objective of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of hospitalized HCWs infected with COVID-19.

Methods: Data collection was performed as part of a retrospective study of patients hospitalized …

Covid-19 & Pregnancy Complication During Early Pandemic: A Narrative Review, Ahmed A. Eladely, Maria Hill, Ahmed Abdelhaleem, Zahid Imran, Ahsan M. Khan, Daisy Sangroula

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Coronaviruses have caused three outbreaks in the past two decades. The novel one is SARS-COV-2, which causes COVID-19. Pregnant women have a somewhat altered immune state, which may make them more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications. Extensive research is needed to better understand the clinical course of COVID-19 in this population. This review article discusses the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with previous coronavirus outbreaks, clinical presentations, and complications in pregnant women and newborns.

Methods: We conducted a literature search for case series and case reports about pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 during the early phase of pandemic. …

The Case Of A Pregnant Woman With Ards Due To Covid-19 Treated With Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, And Remdesivir And Delivery Of A Healthy Baby During Mechanical Ventilation Through Cesarean Section, Adria Madera-Acosta, Martin Gnoni, Bassman Tappuni, Monika Sadlak, Ravleen Grewal, Angel Mena, Yousef Ali-Ahwel

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

We are in the midst of a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Pregnancy was identified among the risk factors for worse clinical outcomes in multiple studies. The optimal therapy in this group of patients remains to be defined. Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old Caucasian pregnant female at 31 weeks of gestation, who was treated successfully with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, prone therapy, and cesarean delivery of a healthy baby while on mechanical ventilation. She remained SARS-CoV-2-positive until the 39th day of hospitalization. We discuss the pathophysiology of the increased risk of infections during pregnancy and particularly the high risk …

Inaction On Lead Despite The Relevant Knowledge: Predictors, Covariates, And Outreach Implications, Alessandra Rossi, Bernabas Wolde, Pankaj Lal, Melissa Harclerode

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Testing residential soil and paint for lead provides actionable information. By showing where and how much lead exists on the residence, it allows one to quantify risk and determine the best ways to reduce exposure along with the corresponding health and financial costs. For these reasons, several federal and state programs offer outreach to audiences on the benefits of testing residential soil and paint for lead. Not all individuals who know about lead’s adverse health effects, however, test their residence for lead, potentially limiting the actionable information that could have helped to reduce their exposure. Such individuals represent a challenge …

Who Are The Older Adults Who Drown In Western Australia? A Cluster Analysis Using Coronial Drowning Data., Meg Abercromby, Dr Justine E. Leavy, Lauren Nimmo, Dr Gemma Crawford

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Drowning amongst older people is a growing concern. Exploring demographic and other factors associated with unintentional drowning incidents amongst older adults may assist to identify key target groups and refine prevention strategies. This study sought to examine the heterogeneity of older individuals who have drowned and identify population subgroups in Western Australia (WA). A cluster analysis was used to segment the population by examining coronial data 2001-2018 (n = 93). Analysis identified four groups; 1) ‘men who boat & fish in company’ 2) ‘affluent men with poor health’ 3) ‘non-drinkers who boat and fish’, and 4) ‘older men, who slipped …

Health Insurance And The Undocumented Immigrant, Anja Diercks

Honors Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to perform a comparative analysis on how seven different countries (USA, South Africa, Germany, England, Canada, France and Singapore) organize their healthcare system to cope with the issue of undocumented immigrants and whether or not these systems in place were “fair.” The thesis will also explore the possible ways the United States could change to be more inclusive and fairer in the world of healthcare and health insurance for the undocumented immigrant. A study on what fairness means both in ethical and economical terms is done to suggest a new basis of a fair …

Improved Tolerability And Efficaciousness Of Miralax-Gatorade When Compared To Golytely In The Outpatient Setting, Bassem Farah

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using Gu P, Lew D, Jung OS, et al. Comparing the Real-World Effectiveness of Competing Colonoscopy Preparations: Results of a Prospective Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(2):305-314. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000057 for a patient reluctant to undergo colonoscopy screening due to concerns about GoLYTLEY's tolerability.

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Towards Covid-19 Among Pakistani Residents: Information Access And Low Literacy Vulnerabilities, Zafar Fatmi, Shafaq Mahmood, Waqas Hameed, Ibtisam Qazi, Muhammad Siddiqui, Anny Dhanwani, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has accentuated the need for speedy access to information. Digital divide and socio-demographic disparity create an information hiatus and therefore unhealthy practices with regard to dealing with COVID-19, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Aims: We assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices and their determinants regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan during March-April 2020.
Methods: 905 adults ≥18 years (males and females) participated: 403 from a web-based survey; 365 from an urban survey; and 137 from a rural survey. Frequency of adequate knowledge, attitudes and practices for the three populations was determined based on available global guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression …

Implementation Of The University Of Louisville Covid-19 Biorepository: Experiences From The Center Of Excellence In Infectious Diseases (Cerid), Dawn Balcom, Leslie A Wolf, Subathra Marimuthu, William Johnson, Danial Malik, Chet Dhakal, Pavani Nathala, Mohammed Abbas, Sahaj Hardeep Singh, Basel Haddad, Rafik Elbeblawy, Fnu Deepti, Ahmed Ali, Evelyn Exposito Gonzalez, Ruth Carrico

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

The limited availability of biological samples from patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 for future research was quickly identified at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this need, a COVID-19 biobank was initiated by the University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence for Research in Infectious Diseases (CERID). The COVID-19 biobank contains waste samples obtained from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in any of the nine Louisville, Kentucky, area hospitals during the timeframe of April 13 to September 20, 2020. The COVID-19 biobank stores approximately 1,623 waste samples with 2,127 aliquots for distribution. All samples are …

Characteristics And Outcomes Of Adults Hospitalized With Sars-Cov-2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Louisville, Kentucky, Julio A. Ramirez, Jose Bordon, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Stephen P. Furmanek, Amr Aboelnasr, Mahder A. Tella, William A. Mattingly, Ashley M. Wilde, Daisy Sangroula, Demetra Antimisiaris, Donghoon Chung, Guillermo Cabral, Gabino R Fernandez-Botran, Jiapeng Huang, Martin Gnoni, Ozan Akca, Paul Schulz, Phillip F. Bressoud, Priya Krishnan, Sally Suliman, Sathya Krishnasamy, Stephen S. Hanson, William P. Mckinney, Harpal Sandhu, Leslie A Wolf, Mark Burns, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are frequently hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objective of this study was to define the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP in the city of Louisville, KY.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 700 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized at eight of the adult hospitals in the city of Louisville. Patients with 1) a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 2) fever, cough, or shortness of breath, and 3) an infiltrate on chest imaging were defined as having SARS-CoV-2 CAP. Demographic characteristics of the study population were …

Disparities In Oral Health: Socioeconomic Status And Policies To Increase Access To Primary Dental Care, Mckenzie Nutter

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Primary dental care is a patient-centered service consisting of routine dental checkups. The oral cavity is the first point of entrance to the body for many harmful pathogens. Therefore, primary dental care is essential to not only prevent and treat conditions in the mouth, but to also reduce the number of systemic diseases in the rest of the body. However, people with higher incomes or wealth have increased access to primary dental care. People with low socioeconomic status have decreased access to primary dental care, at least in part due to difficulties in paying for separate dental insurance. Disparities in …

Food Security In The Covid-19 Era, Dana I. Allison, Alex Cohen, Elena Dansky, Willie Dong, Helen Gandler, Luke Hallgarth, Sarah Kendrick, A Carmola, M Bridges, Tv Delaney Phd, Jk Carney Md

Public Health Projects, 2008-present

Food insecurity is a national issue, one that affected 10.5% of households during some point of the year 2019. Those affected by food insecurity can have their access to food jeopardized due to financial hardship, eating patterns altered to prolong the food available, or various other adjustments including reliance on low-cost food, skipping meals, etc.

The state of Vermont is not immune to food insecurity, with a rate of 11.3% of households in 2018.

The Covid-19 pandemic created an unprecedented shift in daily life, with households having to rapidly adapt to meet newly imposed governmental regulations, including stay at home …

Imagining A Lean And Agile Digital Health Ecosystem - A Measure Of Pandemic Responsiveness, Zainab Samad, Sana Mahmood, Sameen Siddiqi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Section of Cardiology

No abstract provided.

Parillo, Sophia - Covid-19 Journal, Sophia Parillo

Personal Journals

Personal diary of EIU college student and junior Elementary Education major with a minor in orchestra. Her journal documents the holiday season of 2020 and includes documentation that illustrates life during the pandemic.

Arguelles, Ceci - Covid-19 Journal, Ceci Arguelles

Personal Journals

Personal diary of EIU student Ceci Arguelles documenting her early experience with the Covid-19 pandemic. Submission includes photos and a description of the images.

Elliott, Santasia - Covid-19 Journal, Santasia Elliott

Personal Journals

Personal journal of Santasia Elliot that includes images of business signs a snippets of social life in the Fall of 2020 as it relates to the effect of the pandemic on communities. In this instance, the documentation is from Danville, IL.

Tagtmeier, Daniel - Covid-19 Journal, Daniel Tagtmeier

Personal Journals

EIU student, Daniel Tagtmeier writes about the effect of the pandemic on his learning and homelife, particularly his relationship with his grandmother and the inability to see her in the early stages of the pandemic.

The Link Between Heart Disease In Low Socioeconomic Communities In America, Khristopher Chea

Nursing | Senior Theses

As a future medical professional in the healthcare field, we continue to see patients admitted for cardiovascular issues. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality among adults living in the U.S. despite advances in treatment throughout the past century. A number of risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity contribute to the significant rise of cardiovascular disease. Research data suggests that there is correlation between cardiovascular disease, low socioeconomic status, and diet. According to the American Phycological Association socioeconomic status is measured by income, educational status, and occupation, and has been shown to be closely …

The Youthful Pandemic, Brook Sahlemariam

Nursing | Senior Theses

This paper attempts to examine the neurological, physical, and societal effects of e-cigarette use among youth and young-adults in North America. Furthermore, the paper investigates the parallels between e-cigarette users, tobacco users, and dual users in regard to behavioral patterns, reasons for use, and age of initiation.

Shelter In Place: Executive Order By The Governor To Ensure A Safe & Healthy Georgia, Preston A. Dunaway, Graham H. Gordon

Georgia State University Law Review

The Order required all visitors and residents of Georgia to practice social distancing in compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines; prohibited businesses in Georgia from allowing groups of more than ten people to gather at any single location; imposed a mandatory shelter-in-place requirement for all visitors and residents of Georgia except for essential workers, as defined within the Order; and laid out guidelines for how businesses would operate during the quarantine. Further, the Order limited restaurant services and closed certain businesses, including gyms and bowling alleys. The Order also superseded all local Orders purporting to regulate …

The Influence Of Affect On Hpv Vaccine Decision Making In An Hpv Vaccine Naïve College Student Population, Lynne B. Klasko-Foster, Sarahmona M. Przybyla, Heather Orom, Elizabeth Gage-Bouchard, Marc T. Kiviniemi

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

The HPV vaccine is recommended for all adolescents starting at age 11, but coverage is low, especially in the young adult population. The CDC is prioritizing catch-up vaccination and has expanded recommendations for all young adults to age 26. College students may be ideal targets for HPV vaccine interventions as they typically have on-site clinics that offer prevention services and students are in the position to make decisions about their own healthcare. We examined the risk perceptions of 101 HPV vaccine-naïve college students, both in terms of risk cognition (beliefs about susceptibility to HPV-related cancers and genital warts) and affect …

Creating Educational Opportunities For Independent Living Through Participatory Curriculum Development: A Toolkit For Centers For Independent Living, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

This toolkit is an introduction for staff at centers for independent living (CILs) and their community partners who are interested in developing curriculums or trainings that meet the unique needs and goals of Independent Living. It provides instructions and guidance on how to use Participatory Curriculum Development (PCD) to create new ways of supporting Independent Living skills education and development.

This toolkit is for those who can commit to working collaboratively with consumers and other stakeholders to address an Independent Living service gap or training need.

Green Prescriptions – Prescribing Lifestyle Modification To Combat A Silent Pandemic., Jonathan Guajardo

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Obesity is a well-known modifiable risk factor that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. In the Rio Grande Valley, a region located in southern Texas, the rate of obesity rises to 47%, compared to 44% in the US. [4] Obesity is largely driven by poor diet and lack of physical activity and poor compliance/adherence to dietary and physical activity recommendations. [4] We seek to gauge the effect of green prescriptions, prescribed lifestyle modification, on compliance in the RGV population. Selected patients will receive a pre- and post-survey for subjective measures and be given a workout regimen according to exercise history. …

Mandatory Quarantine: Administrative Order By The Georgia Department Of Public Health For Public Health Control Measures: Isolation Protocol, Matthew C. Daigle, Carissa L. Lavin

Georgia State University Law Review

The Administrative Order for Public Health Control Measures and its subsequent amendments outlined the Isolation and Quarantine Protocols for individuals who either tested positive for COVID-19 or were suspected of COVID-19 infection based on symptoms or prolonged exposure to the virus.

Ensemble Learning With Recursive Partitioning Methods To Explore Relationships Between Mental Health And Physical Activity, Jessica Gilmore

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Physical and mental health are imperative to maintaining a well functioning immune system, which is especially critical during a global pandemic. Moreover, physical and mental health contribute to the overall quality of life experienced by an individual. Consequently, it is important to explore factors that contribute to both physical and mental health. Physical activity has been previously shown to improve physical and mental health yet many individuals do not get enough physical activity daily. Using data collected during the larger Exercise is Medicine (EIM) study, the current study utilized ensemble learning with recursive partitioning methods to explore the relationships that …

Improving Colorectal Cancer Screening And Testing In A Primary Care Clinic, Leslie Michelle Dubois

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (World Health Organization, 2019a). In the United States, CRC was the fourth most common cancer in 2016 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019a). The American Cancer Society (2020a) estimated that there will be 147,950 estimated new cases and 53,200 estimated deaths of CRC in the U.S. in 2020. The purpose of the project was to improve CRC screening completion rates and follow up referrals from 27.5% to 35% for adult patients, 50-75 years of age, within a family medicine clinic …