Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Interactive, Collaborative Vs. Traditional, Lecture-Based Educational Interventions For Adolescents In Low-Income Areas To Increase Knowledge Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections, Nelan Tagra, Maia Jimenez, Christina Benedicto, Christopher Tucker, Gerrard Norman, Charmein Harris, Stephanie Green

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Aim: To assess whether teens who live in low-income areas who participate in interactive, collaborative sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention education will have a significant increase in learning outcomes in comparison to students who participate in a traditional, lecture-based approach.

Background: More STIs are reported each year. Among those infected, young people are of the highest incidence at 50% of new STIs in the US annually. High STI incidence is an unintended health outcome as a result of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. This highlights the need to improve STI education among adolescents.

Methods: A quasi-experimental method …

Impact Of Social Activities On Healthy Aging In Community-Dwelling Adults, Karen Perry, Carl Rojas, Michelle Ross, Sutarto Soeng, Shana Williams, Rachel Jones, Jordan Kaoudis

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Humans are highly social beings which is evidenced by our desire to continually establish social relationships with each other. Healthy social relationships promote engagement in social activities and provide access to social support which greatly benefits overall health outcomes. In our research study, we provide an overview of the impact of social activities on the quality of life among nursing home residents (65+) and evaluate different aspects of social relationships on various health, physiological and psychological functioning. Evidence suggests that a level of social engagement increases life satisfaction and is also associated with a lower risk of physiological dysregulation while …

Research Proposal: The Effects Of Therapeutic Interventions On Illicit Drug Abuse Among Homeless Adolescents, Alice Baillio, Meghan Stanley, Sarah Kroupa, Rania Ajaj, Paige Rabidoux

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Aim: To compare case management versus community-based therapy on illicit drug abuse among homeless adolescents

Background: Homeless adolescents are at high risk for illicit drug abuse.

Methods:

• A quasi-experimental, multiple baseline time series design

• 52 sessions over a 12-month period

• Baseline assessment and survey on demographics

• Follow-up: closed-ended questionnaire (every four months)

Analysis: Repeated ANOVA test and dependent t-test

Limitations: Lack of recent evidence-based research, a small sample size, self-report data, and length of the study.

Efficacy Of Formal Training And Education On Foster Child Abuse In Newly Hired Nurses, Andrea Jefferson, Caroline Stascavage, Nico Foronda, Michael Andrews, Brillant Ngoune, Rudolfo Agustin

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Foster care child abuse cases are more prevalent in the United States. Evidence suggests a significant gap between self reports of abuse and reports by health professionals. 120 nurses will be selected to participate in formal training. A time series design will be used to test the participant’s knowledge before, immediately after, and six months after the formal training. The data collected will be analyzed using descriptive statistics for demographic variables and an one-way ANOVA test will determine significant differences among group scores. Limitations to the study include accessibility to sample size, turnover of participants, the self reporting nature of …

The Effect Of Community Health Education On Respiratory Illnesses In Children Living In Under-Heated Homes, Allora Vico, Daisy Estep, Raynee Hamilton, Ruby Melton, Zhanna Gelman

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of community health teaching focused on the importance of increasing home temperature in order to reduce respiratory symptoms and disease. Studies exists that prove that under-heated homes cause high-risk for children to develop respiratory illnesses. Our methods include a pretest-posttest which will be used to evaluate the learning of the parents. An adapted Health Belief Model survey using a standard Likert scale will also be used. Analysis will be conducted using demographic information and reported using descriptive data. Survey data will be reported using inferential data and analyzed with a matched t-test to …

Missed School Days: A Correlational Study Between Children With Asthma And Presence Of School Nurses, Shea Brodeur, Caitlyn O’Connor, Rebekah Synowietz, Carrie Carson, Olubukola Goboze, Cierra Patterson

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Currently, there is a lack of research on the relationship between full-time nurse presence in schools and absenteeism among school-aged children with asthma. The purpose of this paper is to determine the correlation between the amount of time school-aged children are absent and the amount of time a school nurse is absent. A nonexperimental quantitative descriptive correlational study will be conducted with 14 randomly selected participating schools in the Chesapeake public school district. Each school will receive a questionnaire inquiring about the number of asthmatic children enrolled in the school, number of absences of said children, weekly hours the school …

Nutritional Status Of Food Insecure Older Adults, Chelsie Walker, Lindsey Asbury, Javier Way, Brent Johnson, Alex Biddle, Courtney Wagner

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Approximately 9.8 million seniors across America were at risk of going hungry in 2015. The percentage of seniors who faced the threat of hunger was equivalent to the percentage of seniors compared with the whole population of the United States. The prevalence rate of hypertension, which contributes to heart attacks and strokes, is over 50%, and the prevalence rate of diabetes is over 25% in seniors. Both heart disease and diabetes are among the top 10 leading causes of death in America with heart disease being number one. Appropriate dieting is recommended as a way to prevent and treat both …

Impact Of After-School Activities On Meeting Cdc Requirements In Virginian Adolescents, Dorcas Bentil, Leah Crouch, Vignette Kaltsas, Christina Luchau, Phoebe Wallen, Lily Zheng

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Aim: To assess the correlation between after-school program attendance and meeting the Center for Disease Control (CDC) requirement of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day.

Background: Less than 50% of all children meet the CDC required amount of MVPA.1

Methods: Survey provided to 350 students in grades 6-12 describing participation in after-school programs

Analysis: We will analyze how many students participate in the after-school programs and how long those programs dedicate to physical exercise. We will also analyze what type of exercise is performed.

Limitations: We are limited to the …

Relationship Between Dietary Total Digestible Nutrients And Digestible Organic Matter In Beef Cattle Finishing And Growing Diets With Or Without Distillers Grains, Hannah C. Hamilton, Jana L. Gramkow, Jim C. Macdonald Donald, Galen E. Erickson, Andrea K. Watson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The relationship between organic matter digestibility and total digestible nutrients is unestablished for diets containing distillers grains. Three cattle digestion studies were used to evaluate the relationship between total digestible nutrients and digestible organic matter. Results suggest digestible organic matter is consistent relative to total digestible nutrients content for traditional, corn based diets. In finishing and growing diets containing distillers grains additional digestible energy supplied by distillers grains is not accounted for when evaluating only digestible organic matter. Measuring digestible energy content of diets used in digestion trials is essential.

Detroit Food Metrics Report 2017, Alex B. Hill, Amy Kuras

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

This report provides a snapshot of data and information on Detroit’s food system as well as trends over time. The report includes a broad range of programs and initiatives that local organizations, the Detroit Food Policy Council, and the City of Detroit are undertaking to address food insecurity, increase healthy food access and awareness, and support a more sustainable and just food system.

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Tavns): Development, Safety, Parametric Optimization, And Neurophysiological Effects, Bashar W. Badran

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cervically implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a FDA-approved treatment for epilepsy and major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, VNS is a reemerging area of interest, showing promise in numerous animal studies with significant translatable applications. The cost, surgical risk, and human translation difficulty makes noninvasive VNS a highly-desired alternative. We have developed a transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) system that electrically stimulates the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN). We aimed to answer the following questions in this body of work: 1) whether taVNS is safe and feasible 2) if taVNS stimulates the vagus system similarly to implanted …

An Evaluation Of The Mpowerment Evidence-Based Program In Congruence With Chicago-Specific Mobile App On Reducing Hiv Transmission And Acquisition, Katelyn Elizabeth Mason

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Black Men who have sex with Men are at higher risk of contracting HIV than other populations, and thus require programs that focus of their need. Chicago, Illinois has incidence and prevalence rates 3 times higher than the national average, with a large burden of the disease falling on BMSM. Mpowerment is an evidence-based intervention that utilizes formal and informal meetings at a home base and local venues, and has found promising effects in reducing unprotected anal intercourse. Mobile applications have also shown promise in increasing adherence, and will be adapted into the Mpowerment program to create a High Impact …

Sociodemographic And Clinical Predictors Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Madison Ries

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background and Objectives

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among women and is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in women. Of all breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about one-fifth of breast cancer and tends to result in an aggressive form with larger tumors and rates of metastasis and is more frequently found in younger women. This results in an important need in information regarding the risk of diagnosis with triple negative breast cancer over other forms and covariates associated with death and TNBC. This paper studies the relationship between race, tobacco …

The Role Of Stress In The Relationship Between Shift Worked And Hypertension, Madison Liford

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Purpose: Individuals working non-daytime shifts have been reported to have an increased risk for many negative health outcomes, including poor cardiovascular health. This study aims to examine the relationship between shift worked and hypertension—a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Of particular interest in this study was the role of stress and type of shift worked (day, evening, night, or rotating) in this relationship.

Methods: The study utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected between 2005 and 2010. The study population was limited to adult workers 20 years of age and older (n=9356). Initial descriptive statistics of …

Malignant Melanoma In Kentucky: An Analysis Of The Individual And Social Factors On Disease Stage And Treatment, Virginia Valentin

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction: In 2016 there will be an estimated 76,380 new cases of malignant melanoma and 10,130 deaths in the United States (US). ¹ Malignant melanoma incidence is increasing faster than any other preventable cancer in the US with an expected 112,000 new cases a year by 2030. ^2,3 This capstone attempts to quantify the association of individual and social factors on melanoma late-stage diagnosis and non-adherence to surgical treatment guidelines for early-stage lesions in Kentucky.

Methods: The analysis combines three datasets: individual level data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry, census tract level data from the US Census and …

A Diabetes-Free Breathitt County: Implementation Of The National Diabetes Prevention Program In Pharmacies, Urvi Patel

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) is a primary prevention program endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The program’s purpose is to promote dietary modification and physical activity to reduce the incidence of diabetes. NDPP is currently offered by national organizations such as the Young Men’s Christian Association and Weight Watchers. However, NDPP is not commonly available in geographic areas that are in the most need of such preventive health programming such as rural communities. One such area where NDPP is not widely offered is the Diabetes Belt, an area within the Appalachian region of the …

Procedural Due Process And Intramural Hospital Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: The Texas Advance Directives Act, Thaddeus Pope

Faculty Scholarship

Increasingly, clinicians and commentators have been calling for the establishment of special adjudicatory dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve intractable medical futility disputes. As a leading model to follow, policymakers both around the United States and around the world have been looking to the conflict resolution provisions in the 1999 Texas Advance Directives Act (TADA).

In this article, I provide a complete and thorough review of the purpose, history, and operation of TADA. I conclude that TADA is a commendable attempt to balance the competing goals of efficiency and fairness in the resolution of these time-sensitive, life-and-death conflicts. But TADA is …

Preconception Health Knowledge Among Undergraduate Women, Ashley Mae Paulsen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Preconception health is a woman’s health before she becomes pregnant. It means knowing and understanding how preexisting health conditions and risk factors could affect a woman or her unborn child if she becomes pregnant (Office on Women’s Health, 2010). This study examined undergraduate students’ knowledge of recommended preconception health practices. A paper survey was distributed to general education classes in health, sociology, and family consumer science. This 33-item survey assessed demographics, barriers to practicing recommended preconception health behaviors, and knowledge of preconception health practices. Analyses included frequencies, independent t-test, and ANOVA. Respondents had a mean score of 42.85 (2.68) on …

Exploring Clinical Fieldwork Educators’ Perceptions And Expectations Of Occupational Therapy Student Professional And Technical Skills At The Beginning Of Level Ii Fieldwork, Jessica A. Mason

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Educational programs must ensure students are prepared for clinical practice prior to initiating the mandated fieldwork experiences defined by ACOTE. This is done through a multitude of educational learning strategies including lectures, service learning opportunities, and skill competence. Occupational therapy professionals serving as fieldwork educators can offer unique insight to occupational therapy educators in how to best prepare students for clinical practice.

Sensory-Based Services In Adult Mental Health, Leslie Reed

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this Capstone Project was to evaluate the sensory room program used by occupational therapy to determine whether use of the sensory room and the elements within the room reduced perceived levels of distress and acting out and/or aggressive behaviors of patients with mental illness. Methods: This Capstone Project was an outcome evaluation of a routine clinical program using retrospective analysis of existing patient records to ascertain physical aggression episodes, sensory modulation ability, and self-ratings and staff ratings of patient distress levels pre- and post-sensory intervention. Results: Through analysis of quantitative data, the results of the project …

Opening Minds Through Art: Engaging Art Agencies To Foster Community Participation And Commitment, Ashlyn Cunningham

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Opening Minds through Art [OMA] is a visual arts program for individuals with dementia which aims to enhance the quality of life for individuals living with dementia, as well as their caregivers, through a creative opportunity held within their own community. The intent of this project was for community art agencies and galleries to participate in dementia-specific training to develop programming for individuals with dementia so that clients with memory needs can actively engage in the creative arts in St. Louis. This project used a pre-post design to analyze perceptions regarding arts based programming with people who have memory …

Evaluating The Impact Of An Evidence- Based Weight Reduction Program Among The Obese At A Medical Facility In North Central United States, Petronilla Eke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In September 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determined that more than one-third (36.5%) of U.S. adults have an obesity problem. According to the CDC, this issue results in other medical conditions such as type 11 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, and stroke. This project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based weight reduction program for obese individuals at a medical facility in the North Central United States. The methodology used consisted of a retrospective chart review of pre- and post-data for 45 people who participated in the medical facility's weight-reduction program over a 6 …

The Relationship Between Technology Threat Avoidance And Innovation In Health Care Organizations, Melvin R. Fenner Jr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Most leaders of healthcare delivery organizations have increased their rate of technological innovation, but some still struggle to keep pace with other industries. The problem addressed in this study was that senior leaders in some rural ambulatory healthcare facilities failed to innovate, even with recent healthcare technological innovations, which could lead to increased medical errors and a loss of efficiency. The purpose of the study was to examine if a relationship exists between the avoidance of technology threats by senior leaders in ambulatory healthcare organizations and the innovation propensity of the organization. Technology threat avoidance theory served as the theoretical …

Perceptions Of Women Receiving Services From Domestic Violence Advocacy And Counseling Programs, Lisa Yvette Proby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine domestic violence victims' perceptions of advocacy and counseling programs that provide women with safe refuge, prevention education, mental health treatment, and other services. Many women in the United States are victims of intimate partner violence. Review of existing literature found that little is known about the extent to which the needs of these victims are met from available advocacy and counseling services. The health belief model was used to theorize victims' perceptions of services and risk factors for re-abuse. A phenomenological design was used to answer research questions, and in-depth …

Possible Risk Factors For Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Infection In The Philippines, Molovon Jr Pasagui Azores

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the relationship between potential risk factors and MDR-TB. Risk factors (the independent variables) for MDR-TB (the dependent variable) include previous TB treatment, infection with HIV, exposure to patients with drug-susceptible TB/MDR-TB, delays in diagnosis and treatment, employment status, smoking, imprisonment, alcohol abuse, and poor compliance with TB treatment regimens. The study was based on the epidemiological approach to causal inference work. A case-control study design was used wherein a quantitative method was applied in data …

An Rn Sepsis Training Program That Supports Registered Nurses In The Emergency Room Setting, Daphne Marjorie Davis-Patrick

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sepsis is a severe blood stream infection that claim the lives of almost 220,000 Americans annually. Delayed patient treatment results in multi-organ failure, morbidity, mortality, and increased hospital length of stay. Timely sepsis management enables hospitals to have decreased expenses, increased patient survival, and judicious interventions. The problem addressed in this project was the lack of sepsis- training for registered nurses (RNs) working in the emergency department (ED) of a 628-bed hospital in the southeastern United States. Under the direction of the director of the ED, 269 patient charts were reviewed during 2014 to February 2015 for data related to …

Faculty Perspectives On Effective Integration Of Simulation Into A Baccalaureate Nursing Curriculum, Linda Jane Howell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research shows that use of high fidelity simulation (HFS) as a teaching strategy requires extensive amounts of faculty time and financial resources for faculty development and equipment. This project study addressed the challenges encountered in the integration of HFS into a Midwestern metropolitan baccalaureate nursing program. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore perceptions of nursing faculty about best practice elements for successful integration of HFS into undergraduate nursing programs. Guiding questions were developed using Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model and focused on faculty perceptions related to successful implementation of simulation in their programs. Purposeful sampling was used to …

Design And Development Of An Educational Intervention On Nurse Perceptions Of Caring, John S. Norris Iii

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Caring is central to the nursing profession and important to patients and family members who expect nurses to display caring attributes. The acute care hospital in this study did not have an education program on caring practices for nursing staff although the organization acknowledged the importance of and need for a culture of caring practices in the organization. The purpose of this project was to design an educational program based on Watsons' theory of caring for registered nurses at the acute care hospital where the project took place. Rosswurm and Larrabee's model for change and Watson's theory of caring were …

Adherence Barriers To Healthcare For African Americans With Hiv/Aids On Antiretroviral Medications, Angela Bumphus Corbin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this mixed methods research study was to examine the role of adherence barriers to healthcare and the impact that such barriers have on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compliance for African Americans living with HIV/AIDS. HAART helps reduce HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality. Of the 49% of study participants who had been out of medical care for more than 12 months, financial concerns were listed as the most common barrier (22.8%). Not having the support from family and friends (17.5%), being tired of going to doctor appointments (15.8%), health challenges (12.3%), lack of transportation (12.3%), and incarceration (12.3%) …

Race, Age, Gender, Income, And The Experience Of Adult Intimate Partner Violence, Jacquelynn Melnita Hairston

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that affects approximately 2.4 million individuals in the United States each year. Race, age, gender, and household income are established correlates of criminal victimization and diverge across various victimization experiences for these individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between IPV victimization and the demographic variables of race, age, gender, and household income using race, class, and gender theory as a framework. Logistic regression analyses on data from 3,492 adult male and 3,637 adult female IPV victims obtained from the 2013 National Crime Victimization Survey showed that …