Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spatial Misalignment In Time Series Studies Of Air Pollution And Health Data, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Time series studies of environmental exposures often involve comparing daily changes in a toxicant measured at a point in space with daily changes in an aggregate measure of health. Spatial misalignment of the exposure and response variables can bias the estimation of health risk and the magnitude of this bias depends on the spatial variation of the exposure of interest. In air pollution epidemiology, there is an increasing focus on estimating the health effects of the chemical components of particulate matter. One issue that is raised by this new focus is the spatial misalignment error introduced by the lack of …

Original Research Oral Quercetin Supplementation And Blood Oxidative Capacity In Response To Ultramarathon Competition, John C. Quindry, Steven R. Mcanulty, Matthew B. Hudson, Peter Hosick, Charles Dumke, Lisa S. Mcanulty, Dru Henson, Jason D. Morrow, David Nieman

Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training Faculty Publications

Previous research indicates that ultramarathon exercise can result in blood oxidative stress. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the efficacy of oral supplementation with quercetin, a naturally occurring compound with known antioxidant properties, as a potential countermeasure against blood oxidative stress during an ultramarathon competition. In double-blind fashion, 63 participants received either oral quercetin (250 mg, 4×/day; 1,000 mg/day total) or quercetin-free supplements 3 weeks before and during the 160-km Western States Endurance Run. Blood drawn before and immediately after (quercetin finishers n = 18, quercetin-free finishers n = 21) the event was analyzed for changes in blood …

Evaluation Of The Stability And Validity Of Participant Samples Recruited Over The Internet., Daniel Z Lieberman

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Research conducted via the Internet has the potential to reach important clinical populations of participants who would not participate in traditional studies. Concerns exist, however, about the validity of samples recruited in this manner, especially when participants are anonymous and never have contact with study staff. This study evaluated two anonymous samples that were recruited over the Internet to test an online program designed to help problem drinkers. The two studies were conducted 3 years apart, and different recruitment strategies were utilized. Despite these differences, the two samples were highly similar in demographic and clinical features. Correlations that have been …

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration On Lower Extremity Muscle Performance In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Kurt Jackson, Harold L. Merriman, Paul M. Vanderburgh, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a relatively new form of exercise training that may influence muscle performance. This study investigated the acute effects of high (26 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency WBV on isometric muscle torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Participants and Method: Fifteen individuals (mean age = 54.6 years, SD = 9.6) with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-6.5 (mean = 4.2, SD = 2.3) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Following baseline measures of isometric quadricep and hamstring torque, subjects were exposed to …

Knowledge Of Pain Management In Older Adults As A Content Area For Continuing Professional Education For Licensed Nurses, Wanda Cleveland Dubuisson

Dissertations

The research of the last 30 years has revealed the inadequacy of pain management in the older adult. Although evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines exist to direct the management of pain in the older adult, health care providers are either unaware or lack the proper understanding of the guidelines. This study investigated the differences in knowledge of pain management in older adults when examining licensed acute care nurses and extended care nurses. It sampled 118 acute care nurses working in two hospitals in Mississippi and 78 extended care nurses working in six extended care facilities (ECF) in Mississippi.

Based upon the …

Many Specialists For Suppressing Cortical Excitation, Andreas Burkhalter

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Polygenic Threshold Model With Sex Dimorphism In Clubfoot Inheritance: The Carter Effect, Lisa M. Kruse, Matthew B. Dubbs, Christina A. Gurnett

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Venous Thromboembolic Disease After Total Hip And Knee Arthroplasty, Steven B. Haas, Robert L. Barrack, Geoffrey Westrich, Paul F. Lachiewicz

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Flight Physician - December, 2008, Civil Aviation Medical Association

Browse all Civil Aviation Medical Association Newsletters

A sixteen page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

Reviewing Existing Knowledge Prior To Conducting Animal Studies, Andrew Knight

Experimentation Collection

Highly polarised viewpoints about animal experimentation have often prevented agreement. However, important common ground between advocates and opponents was demonstrated within a discussion forum hosted at www.research-methodology.org.uk in July–August 2008, by the independent charity, SABRE Research UK. Agreement existed that many animal studies have methodological flaws — such as inappropriate sample sizes, lack of randomised treatments, and unblinded outcome assessments — that may introduce bias and limit statistical validity. There was also agreement that systematic reviews of the human utility of animal models yield the highest quality of evidence, as their reliance on methodical and impartial methods to select significant …

Faecal-Centric Approaches To Wildlife Ecology And Conservation; Methods, Data And Ethics, C. T. Darimont, T. E. Reimchen, H. M. Bryan, P. C. Paquet

Ethics and Conservation Biology Collection

Abundant and commonly encountered in the field, wildlife faeces have long attracted scientists. Recent advances in molecular techniques, however, especially when coupled with creative study designs, can now yield a great variety of high quality data. Herein, we review the opportunities and challenges of faecal-centric approaches to address ecological and conservation questions using wolves of coastal British Columbia, Canada, as a case system. We begin by discussing methodological considerations, which should have broad applicability to any wildlife study system. We then summarize the extensive and unique variety of data that has emerged from our ‘facts from faeces’ approach with wolves, …

Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review Of Effects On Pregnancy Rates, Lorry E. Staufer

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Teen pregnancy is responsible for numerous negative outcomes for adolescent mothers, their offspring, and society. Myriad programs exist to address this problem; however, many programs administered do not monitor pregnancy rates. A systematic review was performed to assess programs that use pregnancy rates as an outcome measure. For primary prevention programs, components that address life skills and provide contraception information were found to be the most effective. For secondary prevention programs, successful programs provided immediate access to contraceptives.

The Nursing Shortage: A Fresh Perspective, Mary K. Wallenburg

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The current nursing shortage in the United States has the potential to become a major public health crisis (US Department, 2004). In recent years, a trend has developed that demonstrates a lack of interest on the part of young adults aged fifteen to eighteen years old towards nursing careers (Hoke, 2006). This research examines the attitudes and perceptions of young people, aged fifteen to eighteen years old; towards the field of nursing. The Methodology used to answer the research question was a survey tool developed by the author. The survey was created using the survey development site, Zoomerang©. Following IRB …

An Analysis Of Current Healthcare Proposals: Obama And Mccain, Dan Terrell

Honors Projects in Economics

The healthcare system of the U.S. is broken. The next opportunity for overwhelming healthcare system reform will be when the next president takes office. This paper analyzes the 2008 presidential election candidates McCain and Obama healthcare proposals through a look at key players in the current healthcare system (government, pharmaceuticals, doctors, hospitals, and health insurance companies) and the affects of implementing such a plan. The presidential plans are presented side by side. Projected outcomes of the changes offered by Obama will be an increased role of the government and decreased power of the health insurance companies while increasing coverage. The …

Emergency Department Nurses' Experience Relating To Hospital Acquisition: A Phenomenological Study, Bernadette Deprez

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Visioning The Future: Schoolbased Wellness Centers In Delaware: The Next 25 Years, Center For Health And Health Care In Schools

Center for Health and Health Care in Schools

In 2008, the Delaware Division of Public Health and Delaware Department of Education joined Nemours Prevention and Health Promotion in sponsoring a project to review 23 years of Wellness Center operations with the goal of identifying future directions for the program. The project was undertaken with a view towards determining what is the best health system and most effective wellness center strategies to support Delaware’s children. To assist with this work, the Center for Health and Health Care in Schools at George Washington University was asked to examine wellness center history, interview key participants in program and policy development, and …

Hospital Costs For Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Receiving Perfect Compliance Of Evidence-Based Care Bundle, Jill S. Mccormick

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

An estimated 565,000 new myocardial infarctions and 300,000 recurrent myocardial infarctions will occur each year (AHA, 2006). This study sought to find if there was a difference in hospital costs between those acute myocardial infarction patients that received 100% of eligible core measures (evidence-based care bundle) and those that did not. There is limited research on actual hospital costs (vs. charge data) for acute myocardial infarction evidence-based treatment in the United States. The results of the study did not show any statistically significant difference in hospital costs between those patients that received 100% of core measures and those that did …

Aging In Place Perceptions Between Seniors Living In Independent Living Senior Communities And Seniors Living In Residential Homes, Diana L. Delgado

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of aging in place between seniors living in residential homes in the community and seniors residing in independent living senior communities. A cross-sectional, quantitative research design and simple random sampling (SRS) strategy was used for this study. Results: 458 responded to a researcher developed likert scale survey. The sample was generally Caucasian/White (n=408, 89.1%), evenly divided between males (n=227, 49.6%) and females (n=224, 48.9%), and between the age of 65 to 74 (n=259, 56.6%). A significant difference was found between those living alone in a residential home and those living …

Palliative Care Patients And Their Quality Of Life As Perceived By The Patient And Their Caregiver, Debra L. Dignan

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

This quantitative pilot study examined the quality of life of palliative care patients as perceived by the patient and their caregiver. Patients with palliative care consults at The University of Colorado and The Medical Center of Aurora were asked to participate in this study. The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire survey tool was selected to measure the patient's quality of life due to its validity and reliability in measuring quality of life in the palliative care patient population. The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire consists of five distinct subscales: physical well-being, physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, existential well-being, and support. Sixteen …

Efficacy Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine On Perceived Well-Being In Geriatric Long-Term Care Residents, Shannon L. Baer

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Non-conventional therapies have been termed and captured by the phrase Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), since the establishment of The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), by the Federal Government in 1992. With the use of CAM on the rise in the baby boom population and the expectation that the number of nursing home residents is expected to double by 2020, it is imperative that healthcare providers gain more knowledge in effective means for treating the geriatric population holistically. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of a CAM intervention program in a sample …

What Is The Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity And Its Relationship To Physical Activity In Children, Cameron Grove

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The purpose of this research project is to see if there is a relationship between the amount of physical activity a child gets during the week and their BMI. Previous studies have revealed an increase in the occurrence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity, and associations have been identified between physical activity, sedentary behaviors, dietary patterns and students perceptions of overweight and obesity (Tremblay, 2003). This research study was a casual comparative validation study due to the secondary data that was collected by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Overweight and obesity are determined by the BMI …

Patient To Nurse Ratios And Safety Outcomes For Patients, Julie Rinaldifuller

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Hospital administrators are given the challenge of how to staff their hospitals cost effectively while maintaining a safe culture for the public. This study was conducted to determine the association between the patient to nurse ratio and safety outcomes for patients at one local institution. Three nursing units, providing different levels of patient care, were studied, looking at adverse events involving patients and what the patient to nurse ratio was during that time. The literature review supported lower patient to nurse ratios to deliver safe patient care. With nursing care critically impacting patient safety, it would be in the interest …

The Moral Justification For Journalism, Sandra L. Borden

Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers

Papers presented for the Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Western Michigan University

Genomic Rna Profiling And The Programme Controlling Preimplantation Mammalian Development., Christine E Bell, Michele D Calder, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Preimplantation development shifts from a maternal to embryonic programme rapidly after fertilization. Although the majority of oogenetic products are lost during the maternal to embryonic transition (MET), several do survive this interval to contribute directly to supporting preimplantation development. Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is characterized by the transient expression of several genes that are necessary for MET, and while EGA represents the first major wave of gene expression, a second mid-preimplantation wave of transcription that supports development to the blastocyst stage has been discovered. The application of genomic approaches has greatly assisted in the discovery of stage specific gene expression …

Consistency Check Of Planned Adaptive Option On Helical Tomotherapy., M Schirm, S Yartsev, G Bauman, Jerry J. Battista Dr., Jacob Van Dyk

Oncology Publications

This study aims to evaluate a new Planned Adaptive software (TomoTherapy Inc., Madison, WI) of the helical tomotherapy system by retrospective verification and adaptive re-planning of radiation treatment. Four patients with different disease sites (brain, nasal cavity, lungs, prostate) were planned in duplicate using the diagnostic planning kVCT data set and MVCT studies of the first treatment fraction with the same optimization parameters for both plan types. The dosimetric characteristics of minimum, maximum, and mean dose to the targets as well as to organs at risk were compared. Both sets of plans were used for calculation of dose distributions in …

Healthcare Expenditure Vs Healthcare Outcomes: A Comparison Of 25 World Health Organization Member Countries, Stevan Hidalgo

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

This study attempts to determine whether there is a correlation between a country's per capita expenditure on healthcare and its healthcare outcomes. Prior studies have been done to assess access experiences and variations by income in various countries, and to compare the US's multi-payer system to countries with universal or national health insurance. Researchers and authors agree that certain elements of a country's healthcare system are superior, while others are inferior, and that these elements combined would produce a healthcare system with first-rate outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and universal access to healthcare for all citizens. This study was carried out …

Relationship Of Emotional Intelligence Of Healthcare Leaders And Measures Of Employee Satisfaction And Turnover, Karen Jarman

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

A 2007 projection of nursing shortages predicts that the United States shortage of registered nurses will be approximately 340,000 in 2020 and that the average age of a nurse will be 45. (Auergach, Buerhaus et al. 2007) Many healthcare facilities already have perennial openings for nurses, ultrasonographers, nuclear medicine technologists, and other hard-to fill positions. The cost of filling any vacancy is the subject of many articles and sleepless nights for health care administrators. Headhunters make cold calls to recruit candidates to fill their positions. And healthcare administrators are looking for a way to stop the flow of critical personal …

What's Happening: December, 2008, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Organizational Agility, James D. Sterling

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Recovery From A Cycling Time Trial Is Enhanced With Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation Vs. Isoenergetic Carbohydrate Supplementation, John M. Berardi, Eric E. Noreen, Peter W.R. Lemon

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: In this study we assessed whether a liquid carbohydrate-protein (C+P) supplement (0.8 g/kg C; 0.4 g/kg P) ingested early during recovery from a cycling time trial could enhance a subsequent 60 min effort on the same day vs. an isoenergetic liquid carbohydrate (CHO) supplement (1.2 g/kg).

Methods: Two hours after a standardized breakfast, 15 trained male cyclists completed a time trial in which they cycled as far as they could in 60 min (AMex) using a Computrainer indoor trainer. Following AMex, subjects ingested either C+P, or CHO at 10, 60 and 120 min, followed by a standardized meal at …