Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Long-Term Effects Of Repeated Oral Dose Of Ivabradine On Heart Rate Variability In Dogs With Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease, Prapawadee Pirintr, Nakkawee Saengklub, Vudhiporn Limprasutr, Anusak Kijtawornrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is the most common acquired cardiac disease in geriatric dogs leading to impaired cardiac autonomic activity and functions. This study aimed to evaluate the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and heart rate variability (HRV) of dogs with DMVD stage B2 in response to long-term treatment with ivabradine, orally. Four beagles with naturally occurring DMVD stage B2 were instrumented with a 24-h Holter recorder to obtain electrocardiography and HRV, an oscillometric device to acquire blood pressure (BP), HR and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) as assessed by rate-pressure product (RPP = HR …

The Effects Of Submaximal Exercise Training On Cardiovascular Functions And Physical Capacity In Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, Saikaew Sutayatram, Chollada Buranakarl, Anusak Kijtawornrat, Kumpanart Soontornvipart, Pakit Boonpala, Prapawadee Pirintr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), an important disease in senile small breed dogs, leads to deterioration of cardiovascular function and impairment of functional capacity resulting in poor quality of life. Submaximal treadmill running has been used as both cardiovascular training and testing worldwide in humans and recently in animals. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of submaximal endurance training (ET) by treadmill running on safety, adverse events, cardiovascular adaptations, hematology, functional capacity, and the feasibility of submaximal treadmill running test and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) in dogs with MMVD. Six adult beagle dogs with MMVD, stage …

Effects Of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation On Cardiac Troponin I Level, Heart Rate Variability, And Echocardiographic Profiles In Canine With Myxomatous Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: A Pilot Study, Kittipong Tachampa, Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn, Panupong Atchariyasakchai, Vichayanee Pumpitakkul, Supapatt Kireewan, Chollada Buranakarl

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The clinical benefits of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have been well documented in heart failure patients. In veterinary medicine, however, the clinical benefits of CoQ10 have not been well established in dogs with heart diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on 1) preventing myocardial injury 2) cardiac function 3) autonomic balance in dogs with myxomatous degenerative mitral valve disease (MMVD). Thirteen dogs with MMVD at ACVIM stage C were recruited in this study. Dogs were further divided into group I (Body weight [BW] < 6 kg.; n = 7) and group II (BW ≥ 6 kg.; n = 6). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), echocardiographic examination, and 2 hours of Holter recording were performed on Day 0 and after receiving CoQ10 at 100 mg/dog twice daily for 28 days. CoQ10 caused a reduction of cTnI level in 71% of the dogs. Median cTnI tended to cause tended to decline but not significantly. Systolic function [i.e. fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF)] increased significantly by 8 % and 9% (P < 0.05), respectively in group I after CoQ10 supplementation. Other echocardiographic parameters were not altered in either group. HRV analysis revealed no change in autonomic function and balance. cTnI negatively correlated with FS (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with LF/HF ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the clinical benefits of CoQ10 supplementation in dogs with MMVD. CoQ10 improves cardiac function in small dogs with MMVD. Finally, supplementation of CoQ10 in dogs should be based on body weight.

Prevalence And Risk Factors For Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome In Thailand, Chutamas Benjanirut, Chanakarn Wongsangchan, Piyathip Setthawong, Wittanee Pradidtan, Suphanuch Daechawattanakul, Kris Angkanaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a disease similar to Alzheimer’s in humans. This progressive neurodegenerative disease affects senior dogs, causes many behavioral changes and decreases welfare in both the dog and owner. Even with its high impact, many studies have shown CDS is underdiagnosed. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of CDS in Thailand and to identify its risk factors. In this study, 622 senior dogs (seven years old and older) were randomly recruited. After an initial interview, 389 dogs were excluded from the study due to clinical and/or sensory impairment. Owners of the remaining …

Molecular Characterization Of Trichuris Ovis From Goats In Hunan Province Of China, Jia-Min Tang, Lu-Lin Song, Lin-Feng Nie, Fen Li

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Trichuris ovis (Nematoda: Trichuridae) is a widespread nematode that can infect a broad range of animal hosts, such as goats, sheep and oryx. This parasite is of vital importance as a pathogen, but its population genetics, molecular epidemiology and biology are still not well understood. In this study, T. ovis isolates were collected from goats in Hunan province, China, and sequences variation in cox1 gene were examined. A portion of cox1 gene from each collected adult T. ovis individual was separately amplified using the PCR method, and the amplicons were sequenced from both directions. The sequences of pcox1 gene were …

Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus Auratus) As An Animal Model For Haplorchis Taichui Infection: Biology, Morphology, And Pathology, Jiraporn Songsri, Thidarut Boonmars, Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Pranee Sriraj, Parichart Boueroy, Nadchanan Wongchalee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Haplorchis taichui is a trematode that can mature in the small intestine of mammals and birds, including humans. Larval stages occur in various invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts. The purpose of this study was to investigate parasite growth, including worm recovery rate, the body size of adult worms, eggs per worm and eggs per gram of feces and pathological changes of the small intestine in experimental hamsters. In this study, 6- to 8-weekold male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were each infected with 200 H.taichui metacercariae and then sacrificed at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 post-infection. The small …

Development Of An Insoluble Hyaluronic Acid Membrane As An Effective Material For The Prevention Of Post-Thoracotomy Pleural Adhesions In Dogs, Akiko Uemura, Takashi Tanaka, Pinkarn Chantawong, Pitipat Kitpipatkun, Ryou Tanaka

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A novel membrane was previously found to be effective in preventing post-thoracotomy pleural adhesions in dogs. The aim of the present study was to verify the animals’ clinical condition, the biological fate of the residual membrane, the presence or absence of pleural adhesions, and any inflammatory reactions over a 10-week observation period following membrane implantation. The animals used were two male beagles. The experimental membrane, an insoluble hyaluronic acid membrane containing glycerin, was implanted under general anesthesia above the visceral pleura in the left pleural cavity of each dog after exposure to air for 30 min. A drainage tube was …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A nine year old intact male Miniature Pinscher weighing 4.8 kilogram was presented to veterinarian with signs of severe coughing and exercise intolerance. He was diagnosed of heart disease and previously described the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and diuretic for a period of 6 months. Neither signs of syncope nor seizure was found. Physical examination revealed the dog was depressed and lethargy. The electrocardiography was performed and shown in Figure 1. The blood test showed normal complete blood count with normal kidney and liver blood profiles. The blood parasite was also negative. The thoracic radiograph revealed the whole heart enlargement …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A nine-year-old, female Shih Tzu had presented with left buphthalmic eye. She had a history of chronic glaucoma (left eye), which had been treating with topical hypotensive medication for several months. Her right eye is normal.

Comparison Of Gts And Rapd Assays To Characterize Thai Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Strains, Arithat Limsatanun, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan, Somsak Pakpinyo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the important pathogens which have economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide. Molecular characterization is the effective method to study the relation among international strains and the epidemiology of MG transmission. In this study, 17 Thai MG strains were characterized by using 2 molecular assays including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and gene-targeted sequencing (GTS) assays. Results showed that the RAPD assay could classify the Thai MG strains into 3 patterns.Most MG strains obtained from the same area were in the same pattern. Partial mgc2 gene was used to distinguish between the Thai MG …

Comparison Of Dried Blood Spot, Buccal Swab, Cloacal Swab And Feces As Dna Sources To Identify Avian Sexes By Pcr, Sariya Asawakarn, Intuorn Teeranuwat, Natchaya Watcharaprapapong, Nutta Siriwatchaiporn, Panithan Somsai, Mullika Kuldee, Gunnaporn Suriyaphol, Sirakarnt Dhitavat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Absence of sexual dimorphism makes it difficult to determine bird’s sex. A number of both invasive and noninvasive methods as a DNA template of sampling for avian sexing can be used. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different sources of DNA for avian sexing by PCR. Samples were collected from dried blood spots, buccal swabs, cloacal swabs and feces. The highest success rate for sexing determination was from the dried blood spots, accounting for 100%, while those from the buccal swabs, cloacal swabs and feces were 74%, 75.47% and 29.17%, respectively. The non-urate fecal samples …

Therapeutic Use Of Sulfadimethoxine-Ormetoprim For Control Of Streptococcus Agalactiae Infection In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fry, Nion Vinarukwong, Mintra Lukkana, Jan O. Berntsen, Janenuj Wongtavatchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The therapeutic efficacy of sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim (SDMX-OMP) against Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was examined in tilapia fry. Fish (3+0.44 g) underwent 3-hour immersion challenge with 50% infective dose (2.58 x 106 CFU/ml) of S. agalactiae and were treated at 24 hours post challenge with daily dosages of 30 and 50 mg SDMX-OMP/kg body weight (BW) feeding medication for 7 days. The administration of medicated feed increased the survival of the infected tilapia fry. The survival rate of the challenged, non-medicated group was 51.25+4.79%. The fish which were challenged with S. agalactiae and received the 30 and …

Molecular Epidemiology And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Salmonella Spp. Isolated From Broilers And Pigs At Slaughterhouses In Thailand And China, Wenjing Yang, Dusadee Phongaran, Teerarat Prasertsee, Rendong Fang, Patchara Phuektes, Sunpetch Angkititrakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial resistance patterns and DNA restriction patterns by PulsedField Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) between Salmonella spp. isolated from broilers and pigs in Thailand and China. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Khon Kaen, Thailand (n=106) between February to August 2017 and in Chongqing, China (n=60) between March to October 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method with nine antimicrobial agents. Genotypic diversity of the isolates used PFGE of Xbal-digested chromosomal DNA to determine. Of 166 Salmonella isolates, 37 serotypes were …

Evaluation Of A Commercial Elisa Test Kit On Classical Swine Fever Antibody Detection Using Oral Fluid Samples, Panchan Sitthicharoenchai, Yonlayong Woonwong, Korakrit Poonsuk, Jirapat Arunorat, Chonnatcha Muangpaisarn, Kanokwan Samatiwat, Worapatch Konthong, Whannaphorn Sattathara, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) contributes to economic loss of swine production in endemic countries. Serum neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are serological tests commonly used for monitoring CSFV antibody status with serum samples. This experiment evaluated the detection of CSFV antibody in oral fluid samples in commercial ELISA test kit by in vitro study of negative oral fluid mixed with serum of known CSFV serum neutralizing (SN) titer and in vivo oral fluid samples obtained from experimental animals. Correlations of SN titer and S/P ratio of ELISA were observed with the in vitro oral fluid samples, indicating the …

The Electrocardiogram Of The Conscious Chinese Goose (Anser Cygnoides), Mehmet Kaya, Metin Çenesiz

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was carried out on 24 healthy adult Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) to determine normal electrocardiographic values and patterns in standard bipolar and augmented bipolar limb leads. The study between males and females was also performed to investigate changes in the electrocardiographic patterns related to sex. A regular sinus rhythm was observed in all birds. There was no significant difference between male and female geese except for PR interval, therefore, all data was pooled. All waves in lead I had very low amplitude or almost isoelectric. The P waves, in other leads, were mainly positive in lead II, III …

Long-Term Effect Of Low-Dose Imatinib Therapy For Pulmonary Hypertension Due To Chronic Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease In Six Dogs, Zi Ping Leong, Shinji Arita, Yoshiaki Hikasa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Six dogs were diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) on echocardiography. Imatinib (3 mg/kg, every 24 hours, PO) was initiated without any changes to the background therapy to treat the PH. Follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, 5 and 6 months revealed substantial clinical and hemodynamic improvements. One dog showed deterioration after the imatinib withdrawal to necessitate a restart therapy. No side effects were observed throughout the 6-month treatment course. Low-dose imatinib may provide a promising treatment alternative for CDMVD-associated PH in dogs.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Ninlawan Thammasiri, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The patient was showed up to the diagnostic imaging unit, The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University due to the chief complains of left forelimb swelling after the dog was hit by car for one day duration.

Fear In The Veterinary Clinic: History And Development Of The Fear Free℠ Initiative, Breanna Demaline

Conspectus Borealis

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of The Nematode Trapping Fungus Duddingtonia Flagrans Against Gastronintestinal Nematodes Of Exotic Ruminant Hoofstock At Disney's(R) Animal Kingdom Lodge, Kristen Renee Young

LSU Master's Theses

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) can severely affect the performance of ruminant animals and may lead to an animal’s death in a severe, untreated infection. Zoological parks, which have used anthelmintic drugs for treatment of GIN, are now seeing evidence of drug resistant parasites (Garretson et al., 2009). Duddingtonia flagrans, a nematophagous fungus, has shown a reduction in larvae of coprocultures of exotic ruminants through feed administration at Disney's^® Animal Kingdom Lodge (DAKL) and has potential to biologically control forage larvae (Terry, 2013). This study evaluated the effectiveness of Duddingtonia flagrans, administered to exotic ruminant hoofstock at a daily …

Functional Genomics And Immunologic Tools: The Impact Of Viral And Host Genetic Variations On The Outcome Of Zika Virus Infection, Sang-Im Yun, Byung-Hak Song, Jordan C. Frank, Justin G. Julander, Aaron L. Olsen, Irina A. Polejaeva, Christopher J. Davies, Kenneth L. White, Young-Min Lee

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes no-to-mild symptoms or severe neurological disorders. To investigate the importance of viral and host genetic variations in determining ZIKV infection outcomes, we created three full-length infectious cDNA clones as bacterial artificial chromosomes for each of three spatiotemporally distinct and genetically divergent ZIKVs: MR-766 (Uganda, 1947), P6-740 (Malaysia, 1966), and PRVABC-59 (Puerto Rico, 2015). Using the three molecularly cloned ZIKVs, together with 13 ZIKV region-specific polyclonal antibodies covering nearly the entire viral protein-coding region, we made three conceptual advances: (i) We created a comprehensive genome-wide portrait of ZIKV gene products and their related species, with several previously …

Establishing Hematology And Serum Chemistry Reference Intervals For Wild Hawaiian Monk Seals (Neomonachus Schauinslandi), Angela C. Kaufman, Stacie J. Robinson, Dori L. Borjesson, Michelle Barbieri, Charles L. Littnan

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Hematology and serum chemistry reference intervals have been previously established for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) as an imperative measure for health assessments. Monitoring the health of the wild population depends upon reference intervals that are context specific; hence we developed reference intervals from fresh samples, as opposed to frozen, from wild monk seals. This study builds on the number of parameters from previous efforts by using samples collected between 2004 and 2015 from wild monk seals. Blood samples were analyzed by a single veterinary diagnostic laboratory within 24 hr of collection from apparently healthy, wild …

Genomic Approaches To Identify Important Traits In Avian Species, Bhuwan Khatri

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focusses on identifying different molecular markers that have impact on overall poultry production. Chapter one reviews microRNA (miRNA), copy number variation (CNV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as markers suggested in different avian species by various studies. It reviews modern genomic approaches that are employed for next generation sequencing data analysis and verification.

Chapter two seeks to identify and validate the muscle specific miRNAs in the breast muscle of modern broilers and its foundational chicken line. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed mature miRNAs in the breast muscles of these two chicken lines. Results showed …

Assessment Of A Nutritional Rehabilitation Model In Two Modern Broilers And Their Jungle Fowl Ancestor: A Model For Better Understanding Childhood Undernutrition, Mikayla Baxter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The World Health Organization, estimated that 22.9% of children under the age of 5 are stunted. The etiology of stunting is multifactorial and is associated with poor linear growth, villous atrophy, dysbiosis, and increased intestinal permeability. Inclusion of rye in poultry diets induces nutrient deficiencies and increases intestinal permeability, dysbiosis and decreases growth rates. The objective of this dissertation was to determine if chickens consuming a rye based diet exhibited a similar pathophysiology of stunted children to develop a relevant animal model. Therefore, early or late phase malnutrition was induced determine the effects of malnutrition on performance, bone mineralization, intestinal …

Impact Of Basal Diet On Obesity Phenotype Of Recipient Mice Following Fecal Microbiome Transfer From Obese Or Lean Human Donors, Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The composition of the gut microbiome can be affected by environmental factors, such as diet. The Western dietary pattern is associated with microbiome dysbiosis and adverse health outcomes, including obesity and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of gut microbiota from lean or obese human donors on metabolism and weight gain in recipient mice fed one of three basal diets: 1) the standard AIN93G diet, which promotes rodent health; 2) the total Western diet (TWD), which mimics the American dietary pattern and promotes inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis; and 3) a 45% high fat diet-induced obesity …

Horse Y Chromosome Assembly Displays Unique Evolutionary Features And Putative Stallion Fertility Genes, Jan E. Janečka, Brian W. Davis, Sharmila Ghosh, Nandina Paria, Pranab J. Das, Ludovic Orlando, Mikkel Schubert, Martin K. Nielsen, Tom A. E. Stout, Wesley Brashear, Gang Li, Charles D. Johnson, Richard P. Metz, Al Muatasim Al Zadjali, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Daniel W. Bellott, William J. Murphy, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Dynamic evolutionary processes and complex structure make the Y chromosome among the most diverse and least understood regions in mammalian genomes. Here, we present an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse Y chromosome (eMSY), representing the first comprehensive Y assembly in odd-toed ungulates. The eMSY comprises single-copy, equine specific multi-copy, PAR transposed, and novel ampliconic sequence classes. The eMSY gene density approaches that of autosomes with the highest number of retained X–Y gametologs recorded in eutherians, in addition to novel Y-born and transposed genes. Horse, donkey and mule testis RNAseq reveals several candidate genes for stallion …

Hyperthermia Induces Therapeutic Effectiveness And Potentiates Adjuvant Therapy With Nontargeted And Targeted Drugs In An In Vitro Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma, T. Mantso, S. Vasileiadis, I. Anestopoulos, G. P. Voulgaridou, E. Lampri, S. Botaitis, E. N. Kontomanolis, C. Simopoulos, G. Goussetis, R. Franco, K. Chlichlia, A. Pappa, M. I. Panayiotidis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the present study, we have aimed to characterize the intrinsic, extrinsic and ER-mediated apoptotic induction by hyperthermia in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma and furthermore, to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in an adjuvant therapeutic setting characterized by combinational treatments with non-targeted (Dacarbazine & Temozolomide) and targeted (Dabrafenib & Vemurafenib) drugs. Overall, our data showed that both low (43 °C) and high (45 °C) hyperthermic exposures were capable of inducing cell death by activating all apoptotic pathways but in a rather distinct manner. More specifically, low hyperthermia induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways both of which activated …

Kisspeptin Modulates Luteinizing Hormone Release And Ovarian Follicular Dynamics In Pre-Pubertal And Adult Murrah Buffaloes, Vishalkumar Pottapenjera, Srinivasa R. Rajanala, Chandrasekhar Reddy, Arunakumari Gangineni, Kiran Avula, Sandeep K. Bejjanki, Sriravali Sathagopam, Surabhi Kesharwani, Sathya Velmurugan

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that governs the reproductive axis upstream to GnRH. We wanted to study whether kisspeptin modulates plasma LH and FSH levels and ovarian follicular dynamics in buffaloes and whether kisspeptin can be used for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI). We carried out these studies in comparison with buserelin, a potent GnRH agonist. Kisspeptin dose-dependently increased plasma LH levels. However, the kisspeptin-induced increase in LH was short-lived as the peak reached in 15–30 min returned to basal values by 1–2 h. The kisspeptin-induced increase in LH level was less compared to buserelin-induced increase in LH level which sustained …

Evaluation Of Oncolytic And Immunomodulatory Potential Of The Hsv-1 Live-Attenuated Vaccine Strain Vc2 In An Immunocompetent Murine Melanoma Model, Natalie Wall Fowlkes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Melanoma accounts for 90% of skin cancer-related deaths in humans. Treatment options for metastatic melanoma in people is very limited. Melanoma is considered to be an immunogenic tumor, spurring interest in development of immunotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Oncolytic virotherapy has been widely investigated. The first ever oncolytic virotherapy to receive FDA-approval is an HSV-1-based virus (Talimogene Laherperavec (T-Vec) or Imlygic) containing a transgene for human GM-CSF to enhance anti-tumor immune responses after injection. Durable response rate in human patients was only 16% despite impressive efficacy in anti-tumor effects in vitro and in murine tumor models. Novel viruses …

Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus NPro Suppresses Type I Interferon Pathway Signaling In Bovine Cells And Augments Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz A. Alkheraif

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infections contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which is a multi-factorial disorder involving co-infections of viruses and bacteria including mycoplasma. BRDC causes great economic losses to the United States feedlot industry. BVDV infection induces immunosuppression in infected animals. BVDV N^pro binds and degrades the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) and effectively blocks type I interferon (type I IFN) expression in host cells. BRSV nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2, block activation of IRF-3. In calves, concurrent infection with BVDV and BRSV resulted in more severe clinical …

Trace-Level Identifications Are Not Positives: The Scientifically Correct And Public Relations-Appropriate Approach To Medication Regulation, Clara Fenger, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.