Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Antibacterial Activity Of Novel Cationic Peptides Against Clinical Isolates Of Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius From Infected Dogs, Mohamed F. Mohamed, G. Kenitra Hammac, Lynn F. Guptil, Mohamed N. Seleem

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals and has zoonotic potential. Additionally, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged with resistance to virtually all classes of antimicrobials. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of six synthetic short peptides against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and MRSP isolated from infected dogs. All six peptides demonstrated potent antistaphylococcal activity regardless of existing resistance phenotype. The most effective peptides were RRIKA (with modified C terminus to increase amphipathicity and hydrophobicity) and WR-12 (α-helical peptide consisting exclusively …

Ontogenetic Scaling Patterns And Functional Anatomy Of The Pelvic Limb Musculature In Emus (Dromaius Novaehollandiae), Luis P. Lamas, Russell P. Main, John R. Hutchinson

Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty Publications

Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive, as their body mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area …

Examining The Regulatory Value Of Multi-Route Mammalian Acute Systemic Toxicity Studies, Troy Seidle, Pilar Prieto, Anna Bulgheroni

Troy Seidle, PhD

Regulatory information requirements for pesticides call for submission of acute systemic toxicity data for up to three different exposure routes (oral, dermal, inhalation) for both active ingredients and formulated products. Similar multi-route testing is required in the European Union and elsewhere for industrial chemicals. To determine the value of acute toxicity testing by more than one route, oral-dermal and oralinhalation concordances among regulatory classifications were examined for large data sets of chemicals and pesticide active ingredients. Across all sectors examined, oral acute toxicity classifications for pure active substances were more severe than those derived from dermal data in more than …

The Development Of New Concepts For Assessing Reproductive Toxicity Applicable To Large Scale Toxicological Programmes, S. Bremer, C. Pellizzer, S. Hoffmann, T. Seidle, T. Hartung

Troy Seidle, PhD

Large scale toxicological testing programmes which are currently ongoing such as the new European chemical legislation REACH require the development of new integrated testing strategies rather than applying traditional testing schemes to thousands of chemicals. The current practice of requiring in vivo testing for every possible adverse effect endanger the success of these programmes due (i) to limited testing facilities and sufficient capacity of scientific/technical knowledge for reproductive toxicity; (ii) an unacceptable number of laboratory animals involved (iii) an intolerable number of chemicals classified as false positive.

A key aspect of the implementation of new testing strategies is the determination …

A Modular One-Generation Reproduction Study As A Flexible Testing System For Regulatory Safety Assessment, Richard Vogel, Troy Seidle, Horst Spielmann

Troy Seidle, PhD

The European Union’s Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) legislation mandates testing and evaluation of approximately 30,000 existing substances within a short period of time, beginning with the most widely used “high production volume” (HPV) chemicals. REACH testing requirements for the roughly 3000 HPV chemicals specify three separate tests for reproductive toxicity: two developmental toxicity studies on different animal species (OECD Test Guideline 414) and a two-generation reproduction toxicity study (OECD TG 416). These studies are highly costly in both economic and animal welfare terms. OECD TG 416 is a fertility study intended to evaluate reproductive performance of animals …

Ideology Masquerading As Science: The Case Of Endocrine Disrupter Screening Programmes, Troy Seidle

Troy Seidle, PhD

The global move to develop novel testing methods and strategies to identify suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals offers a unique opportunity to move away from traditional animal testing paradigms in this new area of regulatory concern. Regrettably, the programmes under development, both in the USA and internationally through the OECD, have thus far failed to consider in vitro and other nonanimal test methods as more than “pre-screening” or “priority-setting” tools in a larger, animal-based testing strategy. Validation efforts to date have focused almost exclusively on the modification of existing animal tests to detect “endocrine effects”, with no demonstrable effort to promote …

Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, Troy Seidle

Troy Seidle, PhD

The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 …

Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Optimises Earnings, Performance And Recovery In Racing Thoroughbreds, C. K. Fenger, Thomas Tobin, P. J. Casey, Edward A. Roualdes, J. L. Langemeier, D. M. Haines

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Bovine colostrum (BC) is the first milk produced by cows after calving and contains numerous beneficial substances for the immunity and development of the newborn calf. Because of the growth and immune factors in BC, it has become an attractive supplement for use by athletes to support immunity and health during athletic performance. In order to evaluate the effects of oral BC supplementation on equine athletes, this study evaluated the earnings, performance, recovery and incidence of upper respiratory infections (URTI) in racing horses. The study design was a randomized cross-over racing performance study. 21 horses in race training were randomly …

Loss Of Thiol Repair Systems In Human Cataractous Lenses, Min Wei, Kui-Yi Xing, Yin-Chuan Fan, Teodosio Libondi, Marjorie F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thiol repair systems of thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) and oxidation-damaged proteins in human cataractous lenses.

METHODS. Cataractous lenses in humans (57–85 years of age) were classified into cortical, nuclear, mixed, mature, and hypermature cataract types by using a lens opacity classification system, and were obtained by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) procedure. Cortical and nuclear cataracts were grouped by decreasing order of visual acuity into optical chart reading (R), counting fingers (CF), hand motion (HM), and light perception (LP). ECCE lens homogenate was analyzed for glutathione (GSH) level and enzyme …

The Three Rs: The Way Forward, Michael Balls, Alan M. Goldberg, Julia H. Fentem, Caren L. Broadhead, Rex L. Burch, Michael F.W. Festing, John M. Frazier, Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen, Margaret Jennings, Margot D.O. Van Der Kamp, David B. Morton, Andrew N. Rowan, Claire Russell, William M.S. Russell, Horst Spielmann, Martin Stephens, William S. Stokes, Donald W. Straughan, James D. Yager, Joanne Zurlo, Bert F.M. Van Zutphen

Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil

This is the report of the eleventh of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), which was established in 1991 by the European Commission. ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures which would enable it to become well-informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test …

Timing For Male Reproductive Tract Gene Expression And Gonopore Complex Development Of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii), Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul, Damri Darawiroj

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mono-sex culture of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) gives more benefits than mixed-sex culture because of high market demand for male prawns. Unfortunately, sex differentiation in crustaceans could not obviously be observed in their early larval stage. Therefore, sex segregation or sex reversal techniques need to be developed and timing for sex differentiation in M. rosenbergii during larval development needs to be examined. In this study, three genes related to male reproductive hormone (IAG, MRR and MAL) were isolated and amplified from terminal ampulae (TA) of adult male M. rosenbergii. The male specific transcripts demonstrated that they could be used …

Revisión De Fisiopatología, Diagnóstico Y Terapéutica De Pénfigo Foliáceo En Caninos, Cindy Katherin Camelo Cifuentes

Medicina Veterinaria

El pénfigo foliáceo es una patología de carácter dermatológico autoinmune que pertenece al Complejo Pénfigo, es de baja presentación según los reportes de caso encontrados en revisión de literatura y es esta la forma más frecuente de presentación clínica en los animales domésticos dentro del complejo. Ha sido asociado a factores medicamentosos, dermatopatías crónicas, exposición a radiación UV, entre otros. Dentro de la fisiopatología se presenta un proceso de acantólisis que se define como la ruptura de aquellas conexiones de tipo desmosomal que unen a los queratinocitos, ligada a la producción de autoanticuerpos característica de algunas patologías autoinmunes. La presentación …

Absorption And Utilization Of Choline And Vitamin B12 In Lactating Dairy Cows Using Different Delivery Methods, Virginia Maria Artegoitia Etcheverry

Doctoral Dissertations

Choline and vitamin B12 are essential nutrients for growth and performances of production animals. However, both nutrients are extensively degraded during digestion in the rumen. This thesis comprised three experiments. First, four cows equipped with a rumen cannula and catheters in the portal vein and a mesenteric artery received a post-ruminal bolus of: 1) cyanocobalamin (CN-CBL) alone (0.1 g) [gram], 2) CN-CBL (0.1 g) + casein (10 g) or 3) CN-CBL (0.1 g) + whey proteins (10 g). After the bolus, blood samples were taken until 24 h [hour] post-bolus. The intestinal absorption of CN-CBL was greater when the vitamin …

Effect Of Small Interfering Rnas On In Vitro Replication And Gene Expression Of Feline Coronavirus, Eman Ahmed Mohamed Anis

Doctoral Dissertations

Feline corononavirus (FCoV) infection is ubiquitous in domestic cat populations worldwide and is usually associated with subclinical or mild enteritis. However, in some cats infection may result in the development of a fatal progressive disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP is considered to be the major cause of infectious-related death in pet cats. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or curative treatment to this highly fatal disease. In this study, we evaluated the ability of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit the in vitro viral replication and gene expression of FCoV as a potential treatment for FIP.

Five synthetic …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Orally Administered Acid Suppressants On Intragastric Ph In Cats, S Parkinson, M Katherine Tolbert, K Messenger, A. Odunayo, M. Brand, G. Davidson, E. Peters, A. Reed, M. G. Papich

M Katherine Tolbert DVM, PhD, DACVIM

Background Acid suppressant drugs are a mainstay of treatment for cats with gastrointestinal erosion and ulceration. However, clinical studies have not been performed to compare the efficacy of commonly PO administered acid suppressants in cats.

Hypothesis/Objectives To compare the effect of PO administered famotidine, fractionated omeprazole tablet (fOT), and omeprazole reformulated paste (ORP) on intragastric pH in cats. We hypothesized that both omeprazole formulations would be superior to famotidine and placebo.

Animals Six healthy adult DSH colony cats.

Methods Utilizing a randomized, 4-way crossover design, cats received 0.88–1.26 mg/kg PO q12h fOT, ORP, famotidine, and placebo (lactose capsules). Intragastric pH …

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) Gene Deletion Induces Early Onset Of Age-Dependent Cataracts In Mice, Hongli Wu, Yibo Yu, Larry David, Ye-Shih Ho, Marjorie . F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is an isozyme of glutaredoxin1 (thioltransferase) present in the mitochondria and nucleus with disulfide reductase and peroxidase activities, and it controls thiol/ disulfide balance in cells. In this study, we investigated whether Grx2 gene deletion could induce faster age-related cataract formation and elucidated the biochemical changes effected by Grx2 gene deletion that may contribute to lens opacity. Slit lamp was used to examine the lenses in Grx2 knock-out (KO) mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice ages 1 to 16 months. In the Grx2 null mice, the lens nuclear opacity began at 5 months, 3 months sooner than …

Differentiation Of Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Into Cells Of Neural Lineage And Their Application Into A Novel Model For Acute Peripheral Nerve Injury In The Horse, Claudia Cruz

Masters Theses

Studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into extra-mesodermal lineages, including neurons. Positive outcomes were obtained after transplantation of neurally-induced MSCs in rats, rabbits and guinea pigs after nerve injury, but the effect of these cells is unknown in horses. Our objective was to test the ability of equine mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into cells of neuronal lineage, and to assess differences, if any, in morphology and protein expression. Additionally, we wanted to investigate if horse age and cell passage number contributed to the ability to achieve neural differentiation.

The first part of this …

Assessment Of 2,4-Difluoroaniline Aquatic Toxicity Using A Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Model, Crina Laura Moșneang, Adrian Grozea, Ion Oprescu, Eugenia Dumitrescu, Florin Muselin, Dénes Gál, Romeo T. Cristina

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bio-monitoring, in the control strategies for pollution, has several advantages over other tests in aquatic organisms. Bio-effects may link the bioavailability of the compounds of interest with their concentration at target organs and intrinsic toxicity. Potential harmful effects of 2,4-difluoroaniline (DFA), on a 96-hour acute static test, on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were followed. According to OECD 203: Fish Acute Toxicity Test, LC50 was determined using 70 adult zebrafish AB strain and 14 zebrafish as control group, to evaluate the effects and action at different concentrations of DFA. Obtained data were analyzed using Minitab Statistical Software as Goodness-of-Fit correlation tests. …

Development Of One-Step Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) As A Screening Tool For Influenza A Viruses, Hein Min Tun, Trong Wisedchanwet, Manoosak Wongphatcharachai, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Supasama Chaiyawong, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Yong Poovorawan, Alongkorn Amonsin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Influenza A virus is a major cause of influenza pandemics and can infect several host species including humans and animals. The objective of this study was to develop a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) for the detection of genetically diverse influenza A viruses from both human and animal hosts. First, a set of two inner and two outer primers were designed based on the conserved region of the matrix (M) gene of influenza A viruses. The amplification reaction was optimized at 63oC for 60 min and performed in a simple heat block. The amplicons could be visualized …

Assessment Of Swine (Sus Scrofa Domesticus) Alveolar Macrophage Viability Associated With Heavy Metal Air Pollutants, Gemerlyn G. Garcia, Eduardo H. Grivialde, Lerma C. Ocampo, Claro N. Mingala

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The impact of air pollution on airway cellular defense of pigs raised under backyard, semi-commercial and commercial conditions was investigated. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) while manual cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to evaluate Mercury (Hg) contents of dust particles from farms. Tests for viable counts of swine alveolar macrophages (SAM) that simulate animal responses to air pollutants, microbiological techniques for the recovery of bacterial cells and evaluation for cellular function were undertaken. Results showed that air pollution was accompanied by significant high levels of Pb and Cd. Exposure of …

Molecular Characterization Of Complete Genome Of A Thai Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Tippawan Jantafong, Porntippa Lekcharoensuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) causes severe outbreaks in swine leading to serious economic losses in swine industry in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. However, information regarding whole genome characterization of HP-PRRSV isolate in this region is limited. This report describes sequencing and characterizations of the complete nucleotide sequence of a Thai HP-PRRSV isolate, designated HP/Thailand/19500LL/2010 (TH19500LL/10). The complete genomic sequence consists of 189-nt 5¢UTR, 14,982-nt protein-coding region containing 9 ORFs and 150-nt 3¢UTR. In addition, the full-length sequence of Thai HP-PRRSV isolate was compared with that of VR2332 and other HP-PRRSV strains. The …

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Biomarkers Of Inflammation, Metabolism, And Oxidative Stress In Blood, Liver, And Milk Reveal A Better Immunometabolic Status In Peripartal Cows Supplemented With Smartamine M Or Metasmart, J. S. Osorio, E. Trevisi, P. Ji, J. K. Drackley, D. Luchini, G. Bertoni, J. J. Loor

Physiology Collection

The peripartal dairy cow experiences a state of reduced liver function coupled with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing basal diets with rumen-protected Met in the form of MetaSmart (MS) or Smartamine M (SM) (both from Adisseo Inc., Antony, France) during the peripartal period on blood and hepatic biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thirty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same basal diet from −50 to −21 d relative to expected calving [1.24 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM); no Met supplementation]. From −21 d to calving, the cows received diets …

Evaluation Of Porcine Ipec-J2 Cell Line Growth Rate And Immune Response To E. Coli (0111:B4) Lps, Xiaofan Wang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line as a model to study the innate immune function of live pigs. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were evaluated using a hemocytometer and spectrophotometer for cell quantity measurements to determine growth rate and doubling time. Growth rates of IPEC-J2 cells in T-75 flasks and 96-well plates were 0.4016 and 0.2851 times of doubling/day respectively with a doubling time of 1.73 d and 2.43 d, respectively. Confluent IPEC-J2 monolayers were tested at five time intervals (0, 1, 2, …

Proliferative Index And Microvessel Density As Potential Prognostic Markers Of Canine Oral Malignant Melanomas, Nan Choisunirachon, Yuiko Tanaka, Kohei Saeki, Nobuo Sasaki, Ryohei Nishimura, Takayuki Nakagawa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Several reports have indicated the prognostic significance of the proliferative index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD) in canine oral malignant melanomas (MM). However, a correlation between the PI and MVD of oral MM in dogs has never been elucidated. Here, we evaluated the expression of Ki-67 and CD31 using double immunofluorescence staining to investigate the correlation of PI with MVD in 37 spontaneous canine oral MMs. No correlation was found between the MVD and PI values or between those and any clinicopathologic findings. However, a correlation was found between the PI value and both clinical stage (p = 0.0453) and …

The Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Clinical Isolates From Dogs And Cats Expressed Three Multidrug Efflux Systems Simultaneously, Kanchana Poonsuk, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this study was to examine the expression of 4 clinically-important Mex systems including MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN and MexXY in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from dogs and cats. The isolates exhibited high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics clinically important. All of them simultaneously overexpressed up to three different Mex systems, including MexAB-OprM, MexEF-OprN and MexXY as determined by RT-PCR. None of the isolates overexpressed MexCD-OprJ. Expression of mexF was measured by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Transcription level of mexF varied (i.e. 4-219 fold) but was at least 4 fold higher than that of PAO1. DNA sequence …

Development Of Pmp Gene-Specific Pcr Assay With A Host Specific Internal Control For Chlamydophila Felis, Zafer Cantekin, Hasan Solmaz, Nuri Altug, Gamze Ozge Ozmen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Chlamydophila felis is the primary bacterial agent of conjunctivitis and upper respiratory disease in cats. Transmission of the disease requires close contact between cats. Polymerase chain reaction is a useful tool for detection of this organism. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of C. felis. Primer pairs were designed specifically for polymorphic membrane protein gene of C. felis and cytochrome b gene of cat, and their specificity and sensitivity were examined. Primers specific for both genes were then multiplexed. In the simplex polymerase chain reaction …

Effects Of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplement On Healthy Beagle Dogs, Uttra Jamikorn, Sirinthorn Yibchok-Anun

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) (NZGLM), a well-known source of n-3 PUFAs, has been shown to have a highly-potent anti-inflammatory action. The dietary fatty acid supplement used in this study was obtained from the NZGLM by a patented supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction method. Effects of the dietary PUFA supplement on healthy Beagle dogs on hematology, blood chemistry and blood coagulation profiles were evaluated. A randomized complete blocked design was assigned to 40 healthy Beagle dogs aged between 1 to 3 years old. All dogs were separated into 4 groups, each of which had 5 males and 5 …

In Vitro Development Potentiality Of Expanded Bovine Blastocysts Subsequent To Cryotop Vitrification, Ashit Kumar Paul, Yuanyuan Liang, Takashi Nagai, Rangsun Parnpai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Embryo cryopreservation is a promising area of study in the field of reproductive research. One of the issues that have recently arisen is the discovery that the growing ability of embryos after cryopreservation varies depending on the culture period of the embryo prior to its cryopreservation. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the in vitro development potentiality of bovine embryos at day 7 and day 8, as well as their survivability and hatchability after Cryotop vitrification. The blastocyst rate at day 8 (28.1%) was higher than that of day 7 (19.1%). Grade 1 (G1) and grade 2 (G2) …

Comparison Of Mulligan's, Alston's And Prussian Blue Reaction’S Methods For Staining Dog Brain Slices Prior To Plastination, Punnarat Vibulchan, Ornsiri Cheunsuang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

To follow up our previous investigation of Sudan Red staining in plastinated brain specimen (Vibulchan et al., 2012), the present study aimed to examine staining dyes that can withstand the plastination procedures and be reserved in the specimen thereafter. Three staining methods, Mulligan's method, Alston's method and Prussian blue reaction method were tested in dog brain transverse slices. After the staining procedures the brain slices were dehydrated then forced impregnated using a polymer as described previously. The plastinated brain slices were compared for staining retention and analyzed for shrinkage. Results showed that Alston’s method of staining was preferable to dye …