Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli Harboring Extendedspectrum Β-Lactamase-Encoding Genes Isolated From Clinically Healthy Pigs, Khin Khin Lay, Haidee E. Torio, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Wanida Mala, Nuananong Sinwat, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A total of 292 E. coli isolates obtained from fecal samples from pigs in Central (n = 103) and Northeastern (n = 189) provinces of Thailand were included in this study. Eighty-six E. coli isolates were phenotypically confirmed to be β- lactamases producers and screened for the presence of β-lactamase genes. The CTX-M family was most frequently identified (90.7%). The blaCTX-M-15 gene belonging to CTX-M group I (59.3%) was the most predominantly identified CTX-M genotype followed by blaCTX-M-14 (31.4%) and blaCTX-M-4 (25.6%). The blaTEM-1 gene was prevalent (75.6%). The blaCTX-M-4 and blaCTX-M-14 genes were located on conjugative plasmid. The results …

Identification Of Genotype And Phenotype Of Antimicrobial Resistance Of Escherichia Coli Isolates From Pigs In Southern Vietnam, Do Tien Duy, Nguyen Luong Lam Anh, Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa, Phitsanuwattana K, Thongratsakul S, Carrique-Mas Jj, Le Thanh Hien, Nguyen Thi Thu Nam, Nguyen Tat Toan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Escherichia coli is a primary reservoir of antimicrobial resistance, known chiefly for the container of AMR-encoding genes (ARGs), and poses potential risks to human and animal health. This study investigated AMR phenotypes and ARGs in 90 E. coli isolates from different pig groups in 10 farms in southern Vietnam. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 19 common antimicrobial agents was determined, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate seven ARGs (blaTEM, aadA1, strA, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA and tetA). Cohen’s kappa statistic (κ) was applied to assess the concordance between phenotypic and genotypic profiles. A total of 81.1% of …

Nasal Colonization Of Pigs And Farm Attendants By Staphylococcus Aureus And Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) In Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria, Mohammed Sani Gaddafi, Yusuf Yakubu, Abdulkadir Usman Junaidu, Mohammad Bashir Bello, Bashiru Garba, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Habiba Lawal

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial, community and livestockassociated colonization and infection worldwide. This study aimed at investigating the nasal colonization of pigs and farm attendants by S. aureus and MRSA in Kebbi, North-Western Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kebbi Northwestern Nigeria using simple random sampling. A total of 212 nasal swabs were collected from two farms consisting of 100 samples each from pigs and 12 samples from farm attendants. A well-structured questionnaire was administered for risk factor analysis. Nasal swabs were examined using routine bacteriological culture and identification. Presumptive MRSA was confirmed …

Testicular Gene Expression Of Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Androgen Receptor And Inhibin Alpha Subunit In Porcine Cryptorchidism, Gunnaporn Suriyaphol, Shanaporn Leelakajornkit, Wipa Sripodok, Wirakan Kallayanathum, Arunthip Komonpunporn, Nutthee Am-In, Sirinun Pisamai, Nathamon Yimpring

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cryptorchidism, one of the common congenital abnormalities in boars, results ina boar taint in the carcass and economic loss. However, knowledge of gene expression of hormones controlling the testicular descent process, such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androgen receptor (AR) and inhibin alpha subunit (INHA), in porcine testicular cryptorchidismis still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of AMH, ARand INHAin undescended testes (UDT) and descended testes (DT) in unilateral cryptorchid pigs of suckling (12 weeks of age), nursery (6weeks of age) and growing-finishing pigs (1520 weeksof age) and in normal testes (NT) at 12 weeks of …

Intimate Attachment Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 To Urinary Bladder Epithelium In The Gnotobiotic Piglet Model, Rodney A. Moxley, Tom W. Bargar, Stephen D. Kachman, Diane R. Baker, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is an important cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), and a rare cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) with associated HUS. EHEC strains attach intimately to intestinal epithelium with formation of actin pedestals (attaching-effacing (A/E) lesions); however, the mechanism of EHEC attachment to the uroepithelium is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study on archived urinary bladder specimens from gnotobiotic piglets that naturally developed cystitis associated with EHEC O157:H7 infection following oral inoculation and fecal shedding. Paraffin-embedded bladder tissues from three piglets with cystitis and immunohistochemical …

Investigation Of The Efficiency And Safety Of Tilmicosin Phosphate In Treating Experimentalmycoplasmal Infections In Pigs, Xiaohui Zhang, Jinzhe Pan, Ning Wu, Shu Tang, Xiangdong Lei, Yangyang Sun, Joerg Hartung, Endong Bao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of oral administration of tilmicosin phosphate on mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine and its safety for the infected swine, the model of mycoplasmal pneumonia disease in swine was established by artificial infection, and indices such as efficiency, cure rate, death rate, the score of lung lesion, and the routine blood tests, blood biochemistry, and routine urine tests of tested swine were determined. The results showed that all of the dosage groups of 100 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 60 mg/L of 10% tilmicosin phosphate soluble powder demonstrated distinct therapeutic effects on mycoplasmal pneumonia in …

Scenario Of Porcine Cysticercosis And Human Taeniasis In Maharashtra State, India, Vilas Vaidya, Ashish Paturkar, Ravindra Zende, Mukulesh Gatne, Dhananjay Dighe, Rupesh Waghmare, Shilpa Laxmanrao Moon, Sujata Bhave, Priyanka Jadhav, Nilam Wavhal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Cysticercosis/taeniasis is one of the neglected parasitic zoonoses in developing countries like India. A study was conducted for a period of 7 years from 2010 to 2017 during which 13,596 pig and 1238 human samples were screened to learn the exact scenario of cysticercosis/taeniasis in the different regions of Maharashtra State. Prevalence of cysticercosis/taeniasis in pigs and humans was recorded using various diagnostic methods such as meat inspection and serological methods involving ELISA. The overall prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs was found to be 0.88% by postmortem examination and 0.9% by PCR assay, whereas prevalence of taeniasis in humans was …

Effects Of Β-Glucan And Mannan-Oligosaccharide Supplementation On Growth Performance, Fecal Bacterial Population, And Immune Responses Of Weaned Pigs, Phan Thi Tuoi, Pornchalit Assavacheep, Kris Angkanaporn, Anongnart Assavacheep

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effects of β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharide (BG + MOS) supplementation in feed on growth performance, bacterial population in feces and immune responses of weaned pigs were investigated. Two hundred and eighty-eight weaning piglets were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 12 pigs per replicate. Group 1, as control, was fed a commercial basal nursery diet. Groups 2 and 3 were fed the same diet supplemented with BG + MOS (Biolex® MB-40) 1 and 2 kg/ton of feed, respectively. Weight gain (WG), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) …

Application Of Real-Time Pcr For Quantifying Gastrointestinal Microbiota In Weaning Pigs Influenced By Dietary Feed Additive Supplementation, Phattarapon Chaloemnon, Mullika Traidej Chomnawang, Wirawan Junlapho, Nuanchan Paraksa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

To apply real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and quantify the gastrointestinal microbiota modulated by dietary feed additives was the objective of this study. Sixty-four three-crossbred weaning piglets at 24 days were used and randomly assigned to be fed one of the experimental diets supplemented with different feed additives (0.2% inulin, 0.1% fructooligosaccharide and sub-therapeutic antibiotics), and compared with the non-supplemented group. Comparison of microbiota enumeration by conventional culture and real-time PCR methods in response to feed additives was investigated. The microbiota enumeration by conventional culture and real-time PCR methods showed corresponding responses of selected bacterial counts (Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, …

A Reassortant Virus Of A Thai Swine Influenza Virus (Siv) And The Pandemic H1n1 Of Pig Origin Did Not Induce Severe Disease In Experimental Ducks, Jirapat Arunorat, Nataya Charoenvisal, Juthatip Keawcharoen, Donruethai Sreta, Alongkorn Amonsin, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Currently, the pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) 2009 influenza A virus and its reassortant pandemic H1N1 influenza (rH1N1) viruses have been circulating in pigs population in many countries around the world including Thailand. Many organizations and researchers have raised some concerns about interspecies transmission, particularly in aquatic avian species including domestic ducks commingling in backyard farming. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of those viruses in domestic ducks, the study on pH1N1and rH1N1 recently isolated from pigs was conducted to understand the susceptibility, clinical signs, viral shedding and lesions in experimental ducks. Twenty-one 6-week-old influenza A virus negative ducks were divided into …

Probable Pig To Duck Transmission Of The Pandemic H1n1 2009 (Ph1n1) And Its Reassortant In Commingling Experimental Condition, Nataya Charoenvisal, Juthatip Keawcharoen, Donruethai Sreta, Siriporn Tantawet, Suphattra Jittimanee, Jirapat Arunorat, Korakrit Poonsuk, Alongkorn Amonsin, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) virus is considered as a low pathogenic influenza virus, however, it rapidly spread among humans and was finally found in the swine population of 6 continents. Interspecies transmissions among different animal species are of interest. In this study, sentinel ducks were commingled with pH1N1 or pandemic H1N1 reassortment virus (rH1N1) inoculated pigs in separate groups. According to the results, both studied viruses were able to cross-species transmit to a few sentinel ducks with mild or no clinical signs. Viral shedding measured by a modified real time RT-PCR detection from the oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were also …

Genetic Characterization And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 In Thai Pigs With Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (Pcvad) During 2007-2010, Suphattra Jittimanee, Suparlark Nuntawan Na Ayudhya, Roongtham Kedkovid, Komkrich Teankum, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first recognized as a causative agent of post weaning multisystemicsyndrome or PMWS in Canada in 1991. Subsequently, it has been reported in almost all intensive pig productioncountries, and currently all associated diseases linked to PCV2 are included under the term porcine circovirusassociated diseases or PCVAD. PCV2 can be divided into 2 major genotypes referred to genotype 1 (PCV2b) andgenotype 2 (PCV2a). In Thailand, PMWS was first reported in 1998. However, only one isolate of Thai PCV2 from ourgroup has been submitted to GenBank (AY864814). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine thegenetic …

Genetic Characterization Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Isolates From Southern Vietnam During 2009-2010 Outbreaks, Do Tien Duy, Tat Toan Nguyen, Suphasawatt Puranaveja, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike (S) glyprotein and membrane (M) glycoprotein genes arebelieved to have genetic variation. The heterogeneity in those genomic sequences has been reported and is knownessentially for the diverse PEDV pathogenicity. Eight southern Vietnamese PEDVs collected from severe waterydiarrhea piglets of the recent emerging outbreaks (2009-2010) were sequenced and analyzed. The results revealedhigh nucleotide homology of the partial S gene of the current isolates at 98.9-100% and 99.7-100% identity of the fullM gene among these isolates despite dividing into two subclusters of different provincial origins. It should be notedthat the Vietnamese PEDVs contained high differences on …

Effect Of A Direct-Fed Microbial (Eubios 1090) In The Presence Of Antibiotics (Carbadox Or Ctc-Denagard) On Post-Weaning Pig Growth Performance And Immune Response, Kimberley Santos, Charles Maxwell, Elizabeth Kegley, Charles Rosenkrans

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

A study was conducted to determine the effects of a probiotic (Eubios 1090), in the presence of two different antibiotics, on performance in nursery pigs. A total of 216 pigs were weaned at an average of 21 d, blocked by initial body weight (BW = 6.79 kg), and distributed into 32 pens of 6 to 7 pigs per pen in an offsite nursery facility. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pens per treatment) that were fed throughout post-weaning phase 1 (day (D) 0 to 10), phase 2 (D 10 to 20), and phase 3 (D …

Postnatal Expression Pattern Of Ppar\Gamma Gene In Pigs, Junfang Jiang, Yongqing Jiang, Zhigang Zhu, Zirong Xu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

PPAR\gamma is a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. PPAR\gamma has been showed to be a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. The pattern of PPAR\gamma gene expression in different growth stages and its relation with adipose deposition in pigs is studied. Fifteen female Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs in 5 groups with 3 pigs in each grup, at live weight of 1, 30, 50, 70, and 90 kg were used to study the developmental gene expression of PPAR\gamma in subcutaneous adipose tissue by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed the PPAR\gamma mRNA levels of …

Sheep Updates 2008 - Part 2, Meredith L. Sheil, Di Evans, Brown Besier, Tim Scanlon, Andre Martinho De Almeida, Johan Greeff, Tanya Kilminster, John Milton, Chris Oldham, B. L. Mcintyre, Alison Wheatley, John Lucey, Fiona Jones, Nick Costa, Ed Riggall, J. R. L. Hall, Robin Jacob, Dave Pethick, Dave Hopkins, Graham Gardner

Sheep Updates

This session covers eleven papers from different authors: The Sheep Room 1. Analgesia for Surgical Husbandry Procedures in Sheep and Other Livestock, Dr Meredith L. Sheil, Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Associate Sydney University Faculty of Veterinary Science The Wool Enterprise 2. Unmulsed sheep - implications for chemical use, Di Evans & Brown Besier, Department of Agriculture and Food WA 3. Are Damara and Dorper sheep better adapted than Merinos to nutritional stress? - Growth rates, Tim Scanlon1, Andre Martinho de Almeida2, Johan Greeff1, Tanya Kilminster1, John Milton3, Chris Oldham1, Department of Agriculture and Food WA1, Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, …

Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Is Unlikely To Be A Vector For The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv), Kidsadagon Pringproa, Sudchit Chungpivat, Rapee Panyathong, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

At least, 4 mosquito species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex gelidus, Anopheles vagus and Mansonia uniformis were identified on a pig farm in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand between March 2004 to February 2005. C. tritaeniorhynchus was found to be the predominant species (88.387.63%). To determine whether C. tritaeniorhynchus could serve as a mechanical vector for PRRSV transmission, 2 experiments were conducted on: the duration of PRRSV within the mosquitoes and PRRSV transmission from the PRRSV-infected pigs to naive pigs by the infected mosquitoes. PRRSV nucleic acid could be detected in the whole pooled mosquito samples for up to 48 hours post feeding in …

Effect Of Astragalus And Astragalus Polysaccharide On Antimicrobial Peptides Pr-39 And Protegrin-1 Gene Expression In Pigs, Youjin Tu, Yizhen Wang, Chunlan Xu, Guojia Yao, Tizhong Shan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of micron Astragalus, 80 mesh Astragalus and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on antimicrobial peptides PR-39 and protegrin-1 gene expression in pigs using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. One hundred twenty 60-day-old Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire piglets (21.88 ± 1.26 kg of average initial body weight) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each treatment had 3 replicates (i.e. pens) with 10 pigs per pen. The basal diets were supplemented with 0, 5 g kg^{-1} APS, 5 g kg^{-1} 80 mesh Astragalus, and 5 g kg^{-1} micron Astragalus, respectively, and the feeding experiment lasted 30 days. …

The Detection Of Ifn-Γ Positive Cells In The Lymphoid Tissues Of Prrsv-Infected Pigs Using Different Strains, For Infection, Tuddow Thaiwong, Chanis Leetheraprasert, Chaiwat Winyoonunthakul, Anudep Rungsipipat, Supradit Wangnaitham, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Archived paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissue samples from seventy five experimental PRRSV-infected pigs were examined for PRRSV antigen and IFN-γ positive cells, using immunohistochemistry. Lymphoid tissues (5 pigs/group) including spleen, tracheobronchial lymph nodes and tonsil came from negative control pigs (group 1), low virulence strain of PRRSV (RespPRRS/ReproTM, modified-live virus vaccine) infected pigs (group 2) and high virulence strain of PRRSV (VR-2385) infected pigs(group 3). They were necropsied at 3, 7,10, 14 or 28 days post-inoculation (DPI). According to the study, microscopic lesions in the lymphoid tissues from pigs infected with the high virulence strain had more severe lesions, characterized by severe …

Cytokine Profiles Following Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae And Prrsv Co-Infection In Pigs, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Eileen L. Thacker

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bronchoalveolar cells collected by lung lavage 28 days post infection (DPI) of negative controls, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo)-infected, Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected and dual-infected pigs, were evaluated for various cytokine mRNA (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, and TNFα). Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed that IL1β, IL6, IL10 and the IL12 mRNA expression was significantly increased in dual-infected pigs, compared with the negative controls. PRRSV-infected pigs had significantly increased levels of IL10 and IL12 mRNA. The increased IL10 gene expression that was observed in the dual infected pigs may play a role in the potentiation of PRRSV-induced pneumonia by …

Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Pigs To E. Coli F4+, Pornchalit Assavacheep, Anongnart Somchit, Apisida Srikrauedong, Nipaporn Paiboonkijkul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli., and haemolytic E. coli. F4+ and haemolytic E. coli. F4- (E/F4+, E/F4-, HE/F4+ and HE/F4-) was investigated in five hundred and thirty, randomly collected, rectal swabs from pig herds in five areas of Thailand, between the dates June 2000 and January 2001. The prevalence of E/F4+, in each area was statistically significantly different with a range of 21.8-42.5% (30.4±8.8%). The greatest prevalence was found in the Northern area of Thailand, following by the Central, Western, Eastern, and Northeastern areas, respectively. The prevalence of E. coli. and haemolytic E. coli. F4+ and F4- …

Pulmonnary Intravascular Macrophages (Pims): What Do We Know About Their Role In Prrsv Infection In Pigs?, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Porcine pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) have been recently known for their role of pulmonary surveillance. In the past few years, we have been investigating the role of PIMs in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. PRRSV antigen has been demonstrated in PIMs both in vitro and in vivo. PRRSV-infected PIMs reveal viral particles that tend to accumulate in the smoothed-wall vesicles and yield a high virus titer. The PRRSV infection induces either apoptosis or cell lysis. The bactericidal activity of in vitro PRRSV infected PIMs is significantly decreased and the phagocytic activity is questionable as the pulmonary copper …

Effects Of Pasteurella Multocida Toxin On Porcine Bone Marrow Cell Differentiation Into Osteoclasts And Osteoblasts, S. M. Gwaltney, R. J. S. Galvin, K. B. Register, R. B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann

Mark R. Ackermann

The effect of Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) on porcine osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation was studied using in vitro cell culture systems. When grown in the presence of Vitamin D3, isolated porcine bone marrow cells formed multinucleated cells with features characteristic of osteoclasts. Exposure of bone marrow cells to Vitamin D3 and PMT during growth resulted in formation of increased numbers and earlier appearance of osteoclasts compared to controls. Ultrafiltered medium from PMT-treated cells likewise increased osteoclast numbers, suggesting that a soluble mediator may be involved in the action of PMT. When cell cultures were treated with fluorescein-labeled PMT, fluorescence was …

Endogenous Amino Acid Losses In Pigs And Poultry: A Review(การสูญเสียกรดอะมิโนภายในระบบทางเดินอาหารของไก่และสุกร : บทความ), Kris Angkanaporn, Wayne L. Bryden, Velmurugu Ravindran

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Considerable quantities of non-dietary protein are secreted into the digesta of pigs and poultry. This protein is defined as the protein found in the chyme or faeces when a nitrogen-free diet is fed to animals. Endogenous proteins comprise protein, peptides, amino acids and nitrogen-containing substances from saliva, bile, pancreatic, gastric and intestinal secretions; plasma and sloughed epithelial cells. These endogenous proteins are digested and absorbed in a manner similar to those of dietary origin. Conventional approaches to the estimation of obligatory loss have included the measurement of amino acid excretion in fasted animals, in animals fed on protein-free diets, or …

Veterinary Consultancy Boosts Piggery Profits, Ashley Mercy

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A pilot Pig Herd Health Management Scheme co-ordinated by the Department of Agriculture has stimulated much increased involvement of veterinarians in the Western Australian pig industry. Co-ordinated by Ashley Mercy, principal veterinary officer (epidemiology) horn 1985 to 1989, the scheme demonstrated the value of having regular visits from veterinary consultants and in implementing programs to prevent disease and production problems occurring in herds.

Effects Of Ethanol Extraction And Heat Treatment Of Soybean Flakes On Function And Morphology Of Pig Intestine, J. D. Hancock, E. R. Peo Jr., A. J. Lewis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Digesta and tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of 27 pigs to determine the relationship between intestinal morphology and the utilization of nutrients from soybean flakes. Soybean flake treatments were under-, intermediate- and overprocessed (Le., 5, 20 and 60 min of autoclaving) either without extraction or with heating before or after extraction with a 55% ethanol-water mixture. Final BW was greatest (P< .001) for pigs fed soybean flakes given 20 min of heat treatment. There was a trend (P < .09) for plasma lysine concentrations to be reduced when the unextracted soybean flakes were over-processed (60 min of heat). Differences in the flow rate of DM and N through the ileum and colon reflected differences in DM and N intake, rather than differences in intestinal function. The soybean flake treatments had no effect (P > .OS) on pH of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, ileum or colon. The ethanol extraction process increased (P < .001) N digestibility of the soybean flakes, especially when the soybean flakes were underprocessed (interaction, P < .02). Villus size (area, height and perimeter length) tended to be greater in pigs fed the soybean flakes heated after extraction and(or) exposed to the intermediate level of heat treatment. Indicators of villus shape (villus area/ villus height) and proliferative activity (crypt depth and villus heigh/crypt depth) were not affected by soybean flake treatment (P > .OS). Ethanol extraction and heat treatment affected the utilization of nutrients …

Atrophic Rhinitis In Pigs, A R. Mercy

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Severe atrophic rhinitis in pigs recurred recently in Australia after an apparent absence of some 20 years. The first of these recent cases occurred in a Westerm Australian herd in late 1984 and since then six other local herds have reported the disease. Severe atrophic rhinitis has also been seen recently in South Australia.

Atrophic rhinitis is a complex disease which causes degeneration of the nasal cavity, twisting of the snout and sometimes occasional bleeding from the nose.

It occurs only in pigs and severely affected animals may have a slower growth rate.

Pigs May Need More Protein, N W. Godfrey

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Results of trials indicate that meatmeal based rations of 18 to 20 per cent protein may improve carcase quality and give better returns.

Calcium And Phosphorus Requirements In Lupin Seed Rations For Pigs, N W. Godfrey, A. R. Mercy

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Seed of lupin varieties now available can be combined with wheat or barley to produce a balanced diet for growing/finishing pigs, and lupin seed has become a popular ingredient of pig rations.

As a protein concentrate, lupin seed is a satisfactory alternative to meatmeal, provided adequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus are added as supplements. Without the addition of these elements to rations of lupin seed and grain, a number of problems are likely to arise.

Trials at the Medina Pig Research Station have shown that Christmas Island rock phosphate is the cheapest and most convenient source of supplementary calcium …

Ec75-219 Nebraska Swine Report, William Ahlschwede, T. E. Socha, Alfonso Torres-Medina, A. J. Lewis, P. J. Cunningham, Dwane R. Zimmerman, E. R. Peo Jr., Larry K. Mcmullen, Bobby D. Moser, D. L. Ferguson, Phillip H. Grabouski, Murray Danielson, Charles W. Francis, L. F. Elliott, J. A. Deshazer, Roger W. Mandigo, W. J. Goldner, R. D. Fritschen, Gary Zoubek

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1975 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.