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Transferable Drug Resistance Among Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Cases Of Neonatal Diarrhea In Calves And Piglets, David P. Aden, Norman D. Reed, Norman R. Underdaul, Charles A. Mebus

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Fecal specimens were collected on 22 different Nebraska ranches and at the Department of Veterinary Science from young calves and pigs with neonatal diarrhea. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from these fecal specimens were screened for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethizole, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, and nalidixic acid. Of the 92 strains studied, 57 were resistant to one or more of these antimicrobial agents. Resistant strains were obtained from all herds involved in the study. The two most common resistance patterns were tetracycline streptomycin sulfamethizole (22 of 57) and tetracycline (13 of 57). None of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, nitrofurantoin, …

Calf Diarrhea (Scours): Reproduced With A Virus From A Field Outbreak, C. A. Mebus, N. R. Underdahl, M. B. Rhodes, M. J. Twiehaus

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Neonatal calf diarrhea typical of that seen in field cases was produced in colostrum-deprived calves by inoculating either feces or bacteria-free filtrates via the duodenum, orally, or by a spray (aerosol). Three calves, kept free of E. coli, developed severe diarrhea following inoculation with a bacteria-free filtrate. Intense fluorescence in the epithelium of sections of small intestine from two experimental calves was observed following staining with ftuorescein-labeled gamma globulin produced with viral antigen prepared from the feces of two experimental diarrhetic E. coli-free calves. Fluorescing cells were also present in the feces of experimental and field cases of neonatal …

Problems Of Epidemiological Geography (Report Viii): Structure Of A Zoonosis Nosoareal, I.I. Yelkin, V.K. Yaschkul

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

The Main structural indices of a nosoareal are the focalress in the distribution of infectious diseases of man and their causative agents. The problem of the focalness of infections has been developed for quite a long time in the field of parasitology and is a very important division of contemporary epidemiology (Ye. N. Pavlovskiy, 1939, 1944, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1964; L. V. Gromashevskiy, 1941, 1949, 1965; I. I. Yelkin, 1951, 1960, 1962; P. A. Petrishcheva, 1955, 1959, 1965; V. N. Beklemishev, 1956, 1959, 1961; Yu. M. Rall, 1958, 1965; V. V. Kucheruk, 1959, 1960, 1965; A. G. Voronov, 1965, and …

1967 Beef Cattle Progress Report Of Research Activities, E. F. Frolik, H. W. Ottoson, J. L. Adams

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Oral feeding of stilbestrol or implanting with stilbestrol or Synovex has resulted in increased weight gain and efficiency of gain for cattle fed finishing rations.

Combining oral feeding or stilbestrol with implanting did not give increased performance above that obtained from oral stilbestrol alone in two tests. Implanting cattle fed oral stilbestrol at the start of the feeding program with either stilbestrol or Synovex gave a similar pattern of performance to that obtained from oral stilbestrol alone.

1966 Beef Cattle Progress Report Of Research Activities, E. F. Frolik, H. H. Kramer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Many beef cattle breeders in the United States and other countries are following the progress of the selection experiment at the Fort Robinson Beef Cattle Research Station, Crawford, Nebraska. Three lines of Hereford cattle from the same genetic foundation are under selection. Line 21 is selected for 200-day weight. Line 22 is selected for yearling weight. Line 23 is selected for an index combining yearling weight and a score for muscling and fat thickness.

Each line is operated as a closed herd so it will be possible to determine how much improvement in economic traits can be made by selecting …

1965 Beef Cattle Progress Report Of Research Activities, E. F. Frolik, H. H. Kramer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef carcass evaluation work is designed to obtain production and carcass data on bulls, steers and heifers. One objective is to evaluate sex effects on growth and carcass traits. Another is to determine if sires rank the same in growth and carcass traits on their bull, steer and heifer progeny.

Preliminary results from the 1963 slaughter groups were reported in the 1964 Beef Cattle Progress Report. This report covers averages of 1963 and 1964 results. Results both years were similar.

Viral Infections Of Domestic Animals, George A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

There is a strong tendency in current research on mammalian virus diseases to concentrate on virus activity at a cellular or subcellular level. This trend is summarized adequately by Enders in relation to viral replication as follows: ','The large and ever-increasing volume of published experimental work on viral replication strikingly reveals the central position of this phenomenon in contemporary virological research. There are good reasons, both biological and practical, underlying this intensive effort to understand, i n detail, how a virus particle, without energy transforming apparatus of its own, manages to utilize the metabolic equipment of the cell to produce …

Beef Cattle Progress Report, E. F. Frolik, H. H. Kramer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Efficiency of sugar beet farming can be improved by feeding beet top silage to livestock.

In two recent trials at the Scotts Bluff Experiment Station lambs fed unwilted beet top silage as the only roughage gained significantly faster than lambs fed corn silage.

Amounts of concentrates were comparable (Nebraska Experiment Station Quarterly, Fall, 1962).

This experiment compared the feeding value of a complete mixture of unwilted beet tops and concentrate added at the time of ensiling, with beet top silage and concentrate handled separately. A conventional corn silage and concentrate ration was used as a control.

Results showed that a …

Viral Infections Of Domestic Animals, George A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Contents
Health-Defined Animals 270
Immunity in Health-Defined Animals 272
Virus Infections During Gestation 275
Respiratory Infections 279
Influenza 279
Ascariasis enhancement of respiratory infections 280
Virus pneumonia of pigs 281
Infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine 282
Porcine inclusion body rhinitis 283
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis 283
Bovine myxovirus parainfluenza 284
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis 284
Enteric Infections 285
Swine polio-encephalomyelitis viruses 285
Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine 286
Beran’s swine enterovirus 287
Bovine virus diarrhea 287
Systemic Diseases 288
Hog cholera 288
African swine fever 290
Nebraska University disease 290
Swine edema disease 291
Exudative epidermitis of swine 292
Foot-and-mouth disease and rinderpest …

Beef Cattle Progress Report, E. F. Frolik, H. H. Kramer

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Shipping fever is a respiratory disease "complex" of cattle. The disease causes extensive economic losses from death, loss of physical condition, inefficient feed utilization and treatment expense. The annual loss from this disease in the United States has been estimated to be $25,000,000.

In many respects shipping fever is similar to respiratory diseases of humans. It may occur in any season of the year, but is most common in the fall and early winter. Although any age animal may be infected recently weaned calves and feeder cattle which have just been moved from the range to feedlot are most susceptible.

Worm Eggs: Cost You Money, E.F. Frolik, E.W. Janike

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Contents

One Million Eggs Daily.......... 3

Damaging Trip......... 4

Worm Remedies......... 5

Modern Worm Remedies......... 6

A Control Program.......... 8

50th Annual Feeders Day Progress Report, C. H. Adams, Guy N. Baker, Kemal Biyikoglu, D. C. Clanton, A. D. Flowerday, K. E. Gregory, Lionel Harris, J. E. Ingalls, R. M. Koch, J. K. Matsushima, M. W. Mccullough, J. A. Rothlisberger, W. W. Rowden, L. A. Swiger, Walter Tolman, D. R. Zimmerman

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Feeding pastured calves protein supplements weekly instead of daily during the winter made little difference in either winter or summer gains, according to research results to date.

Two sources of protein were used in the trial. (I) Second cutting alfalfa hay was fed at the rate of four pounds per head daily. One group of calves was fed four pounds per head daily and one group was fed 28 pounds per head once each week. (2) Forty percent protein, pellets or cake, was fed at the rate of one pound per head daily. One group was fed one pound per …

Transmission Of Swine Influenza Virus By Lungworm Migration, H.G. Sen, G.W. Kelley, N.R. Underahl, G.A. Young

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Shope (1, 2) reported that Metastrongylus spp. under specific conditions have the capacity to transmit swine influenza virus to pigs. Since the authors are not aware of published confirmation of Shope's observations by other laboratories, experiments in which swine influenza virus was transmitted by infected lungworms in pathogen-free, antibody-devoid pigs are here reported.

Swine Brucellosis: How You Can Eradicate It

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Swine brucellosis is a bacterial disease that affects swine, other domestic animals, and humans. Severe exposure causes the disease in cattle, dogs, cats, and poultry. The disease can spread from one species of animal to another, and from animals to humans. However, it does not normally spread from one human to another, or from humans to animals. The disease costs the swine industry about $10 million a year. Losses due to human infection cannot be estimated. Although human brucellosis, or undulant fever, is difficult to diagnose-especially in mild cases-a total of 892 cases were documented in the United States in …

49th Annual Feeders Day Progress Report: Improving Beef Production Through Nutrition And Management, E. F. Frolik, A. W. Epp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The science of nutrition has come into its own in the last few years. Greater recognition of the value of protein, the identification of new nutrients and the awareness of the importance of nutrition to health have been part of this trend.

In this new era in nutrition, beef has been found to be one of our most nutritious foods. Not only does it contain a generous amount of protein, but its protein is of high quality, too. In addition, beef supplies important minerals such as iron and phosphorus, which contribute to healthy blood and sturdy bones. The essential B …

48th Annual Feeders Day Progress Report: Improving Beef Production Through Nutrition And Management, W. V. Lamber, E. F. Frolik

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

As we start a new decade it is appropriate to ponder for a moment on where we have been and where we go from here.

The past ten years have seen significant changes in all phases of animal agriculture. Probably the most spectacular changes came in the area of nutrition. During the past ten years significant advances were made in our knowledge on mineral and vitamin nutrition. Additional facts on the old problem of the ratio of concentrates to roughage have been added. Ways of supplementing poor quality roughage to obtain optimum production were learned.

Control Of Hog Lice And Mange, Robert Roselle

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The hog louse (Haematopinus suis) is the largest species of louse found on domestic animals. It may attain a length of one-quarter of an inch. The body is oval, and the legs terminate in large, dark claws well adapted to cling to hairs. Hog lice are bluish-gray in color. They are found only on hG>gs except in very unusual cases. The eggs or "nits" are glued to the hairs and hatch in 12 to 20 days. Young lice mature in 10 to 12 days. The average life cycle is about 35 days. Lice suck blood from the host, and …

50 Years Of Research At The North Platte Experiment Station, W. W. Burr, J. C. Adams

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The North Platte Experiment was established fifty years ago. So many changes have occurred since then that few people remember why research in dry land agriculture was started in Nebraska and other Great Plains states. In order to get a proper perspective, it may be well to consider some early history.

Histopathology Of Bovine Mastitis, The, C.F. Helmboldt, E.L. Jungherr, W.N. Plastridge

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Pig Typhus (Salmonellosis Suis), L. Van Es

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Salmonellosis suis or pig typhus, also designated as pig typhoid, infectious necrotic enteritis, or "necro," is an infectious disease among young pigs. It constitutes a major factor in the mortality of juvenile swine, and as such must be regarded as a more or less perennial hazard in swine production. Infectious necrotic enteritis caused by Salmonella suipestifer is the subject of the present publication.

Vitamins For Poultry, F. E. Mussehl, C. W. Ackerson

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

Vitamins are chemical substances essential for the maintenance of life, growth, and reproduction. Their effects are out of proportion to the relatively small amounts required. Fortunately, most of these essentials are widely distributed in nature, and an adequate ration can nearly always be provided by using logical combinations of common feedstuffs. Under certain conditions, however, the use of vitamin-containing concentrates may be desirable. In planning practical rations, it should be recognized that the plant leaf is the source of most vitamins. Milk and meat products make important vitamin contributions to the diet in addition to their proteins and minerals. Direct …

Studies On The Validity Of Swine Erysipelas Culture-Vaccines, L. Van Es, J. F. Olney, I. C. Blore

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

In countries where vaccination against swine erysipelas has been practiced during the last half century, there is a consensus among veterinarians that the best results are obtained when the live culture-vaccine is not only fresh and highly virulent but is endowed also with a good capacity for growth on artificial culture media. Apparently avirulent culture-vaccines are apt to engender only a transitory immunity or fail altogether. The problem presented by undesirable culture-vaccines was deemed to be of such importance to the swine industry that this Station undertook a series of experiments, to determine what influences might be accountable for the …

The Effects Of Penicillin On E. Rhusiopathiae Infected Pigeons, L. Van Es, J. F. Olney, I. C. Blore

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Advantage was taken of an opportunity to study the effects of penicillin on Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the causative organism of swine erysipelas. Owing to the fact that swine cannot readily be infected with erysipelas by artificial methods, pigeons which are highly susceptible to the disease, were selected to serve as experimental animals. It was the purpose of these studies to ascertain whether or not the swine erysipelas bacillus is sensitive to the drug and incidentally to determine the possibility of finding application of penicillin in the treatment of swine.

Collected Observations Pertaining To Hog Cholera, L. Van Es, J. F. Olney

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

This bulletin reports on the following: (1) the possible role of Salmonella suipestifer in failed vaccinations (vaccination breaks); (2) excessive serum dosages as a cause of vaccination breaks; (3) experiments with crystal-violet hog cholera vaccine and (4) hog cholera vaccine of tissue origin, and (5) phenolized hog cholera virus as a possible vehicle for pathogenic contaminants.

External Parasites Of Poultry And Methods For Their Control, O. S. Bare

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

External parasites cause severe losses to Nebraska poultry producers each year, and in many cases may be the deciding factor between success and failure. Under present circumstances, when maximum production is essential, prompt and effective measures must be taken to hold these saboteurs in check.

Swine Erysipelas Infection In Man, L. Van Es

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The preceding decade witnessed the introduction and spread within this state of a hitherto uncommon disease of swine. This disorder, swine erysipelas, has gradually become disseminated throughout Nebraska's swine population until it has developed into a major problem of preventive veterinary medicine. Its appearance, furthermore, added another to our list of animal maladies which are communicable to man. The latter consideration may serve as warrant to review what is known about the part played by swine erysipelas as a human disease, to describe its more salient features and to examine them from epidemiological, clinical, pathological and prophylactic viewpoints.

Swine Erysipelas. Revised Edition Of Research Bulletin 84, L. Van Es, C. B. Mcgrath

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Because of the more or less frequent occurrence of swine erysipelas on Nebraska farms it seemed proper that information on this subject be made available in the form of a Station publication, especially written to serve as a reference for veterinarians, who naturally are first appealed to when an as yet relatively strange disease appears among a herd of swine. Hence the text is written in a technical form for the sake of precision. In the preparation of the text the literature of countries in which for many years the disease has constituted a permanent problem has been freely consulted. …

An Inquiry Into The Influence Of Environment On The Incidence Of Poultry Diseases, L. Van Es, J. F. Olney

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The principal purpose of the investigation reported here was to evaluate, if possible, hygienic measures, and in addition to gather whatever information might become available pertaining to the relation of certain disorders to a given poultry population after its exposure to their specific etiologic factors. The experiments were conducted on a piece of ground upon which poultry had not been maintained for many years, if ever.

A Manual For Hog Raisers, W. J. Loeffel

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

Hogs are one of Nebraska's principal sources of agricultural income. The popularity of the pig is doubtless due largely to his efficiency as a meat producer. He uses less feed to make a given gain than either the steer or the sheep. On being slaughtered, the pig dresses out a higher percentage of meat than either of the other two meat animals. Since pork is generally fatter than beef or lamb, it has a higher energy value. Pork lends itself to curing processes and, as cured meat and lard, occupies an important place in the world's commerce. Processing aids in …

Feeding And Care Of Calves, R. R. Thalman

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

It is not infrequent that considerable difficulty is encountered in raising calves with limited amounts of milk or none at all. Requests for information on calf gruels, mixed grain feeds, and commercial supplements are frequent enough to make a short circular upon this subject seem desirable. Furthermore, as the more diversified agricultural program gets under way these requests are increasmg.