Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Staphylococcus Aureus Virulence Factors Synthesis Is Controlled By Central Metabolism, Yefei Zhu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that can survive in diverse host environments. This versatility depends on its ability to sense nutrients and respond by modulating gene expression, including the synthesis of virulence determinants. In addition to its ability to synthesize virulence factors, the capacity of S. aureus to form biofilms is an important mediator of virulence in certain infections. Biofilms are a complex aggregation of bacteria commonly encapsulated by an adhesive exopolysaccharide matrix (polysaccharide intercellular adhesin; PIA). To study S. aureus biofilm formation, we assessed the metabolic requirements of S. aureus growing in a biofilm and found the bacteria …

Characterization Of The Sero-Reactivity Of Proteins Map1152 And Map1156 From Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis, Avery L. Paulson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants. Development of genetic tools and completion of the MAP genome sequencing project expanded opportunities for antigen discovery. In this thesis, I review the current trends in diagnosis and disease control of JD and present the results of the studies on the seroreactivity of two proteins encoded for by the MAP1152-MAP1156 gene cluster. MAP1152 encodes for a PPE protein and MAP1156 encodes a diacylglycerol acyltransferase involved in triglyceride metabolism and classified in the uncharacterized protein family UPF0089. Maltose-binding protein (MBP) tagged recombinant MAP proteins were purified from Escherichia coli. Western …

Local Anesthetics As Pain Therapy In Horses, Reza Seddighi Dvm, Ms, Phd, Dip Acva

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Local Anesthetics as Pain Therapy in Horses Thomas J. Doherty MVB, MSc, and M. Reza Seddighi DVM, PhD

Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA

This article describes the rationale behind the use of systemically administered lidocaine as an analgesic. The analgesic efficacy of intravenously administered lidocaine is well documented by studies in human patients and laboratory animals. The mechanism by which systemically administered lidocaine produces analgesia is uncertain but is thought to include action at sodium, calcium, and potassium channels and the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor. …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman, Russ Daly

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Olson Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory Adapts to South Dakota Needs [Page] 2- Director's Message—Service and Grants [Page] 2- Veterinarian Named 2010 SDSU Distinguished Young Alumnus [Page] 3- Diagnostic Implications Following Use of a New IBR-PI3-BRSV Intranasal Vaccine [Page] 3- Extension Vet receives SDVMA Veterinarian of the Year Award [Page] 6- Survey of the Educational Needs of Animal Health Professionals in South Dakota, Summer 2010 [Page] 7- Certificate Program in Veterinary Preventive Medicine Offered Pieces and Parts [Page] 8- Internet Course Offerings from SDSU for Spring 2011 [Page] 8- VBS Department Faculty Members Update Chinese Delegation on Swine Diseases …

Selected Hormonal And Neurotransmitter Mechanisms Regulating, James L. Sartin, Joseph A. Daniel, Brian K. Whitlock, Robyn R. Wilborn

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Appetite control is a major issue in normal growth and in suboptimal growth performance settings. A number of hormones, in particular leptin, activate or inhibit orexigenic or anorexigenic neurotransmitters within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, where feed intake regulation is integrated. Examples of appetite regulatory neurotransmitters are the stimulatory neurotransmitters neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone and the inhibitory neurotransmitter, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Examination of messenger RNA (using in situ hybridization and realtime PCR) and proteins (using immunohistochemistry) for these neurotransmitters in ruminants has indicated that physiological regulation occurs in response to fasting for several …

Animal Health Matters, Jarett Bies, David H. Zeman, Russ Daly

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- New Department Name Introduced in Campus Ceremony [Page] 1- Director's Message: What’s in a Name? [Page] 2- VBS Department Faculty Make Connections in China [Page] 3- ADRDL Personnel Gain Additional Proficiency Training for Foreign Animal Disease Testing, Embark on Test Validation Studies [Page] 3- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department Launches New Website: www.sdstate.edu/vs [Page] 4- Histopathology and the Histology Laboratory at SDSU’s ADRDL Pieces and Parts [Page] 6- Dunn Begins Work as Dean of SDSU College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences [Page] 6- Hennings to Address International Pig Veterinary Society [Page] 6- SDSU Faculty to Co-Author “Diseases of …

Pemoline And Tetramisole 'Positives' In English Racehorses Following Levamisole Administration, J. Gutierrez, R. L. Eisenberg, N. J. Koval, E. R. Armstrong, J. Tharappel, C. J. Hughes, Thomas Tobin

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Pemoline is a central nervous system stimulant that has been used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy in humans; its identification in horses could be considered evidence of attempts to influence performance. Two recent pemoline 'positives' in English racehorses led us to review the chemical relationships between tetramisole, levamisole, aminorex and pemoline. Pemoline is a simple oxidation product of aminorex, which has been shown in the United States and elsewhere to be an equine metabolite of levamisole. Based on the clear structural relationships between aminorex and pemoline, we conclude that levamisole can metabolise to pemoline in horses and that …

The Glycoproteins Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus And Their Role In Infection And Immunity, Phani B. Das

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen of swine and is known to cause abortion and infertility in pregnant sows and respiratory distress in piglets. PRRSV contains a major glycoprotein (GP5) and three minor glycoproteins (GP2a, GP3, and GP4) on the virion envelope, all of which are required for infectious virus production. To study their interactions amongst each other and with a cellular receptor for PRRSV, CD163, I cloned each of the viral glycoproteins and CD163 in various expression vectors. My studies have shown that while the GP2a, GP3, and GP4 are co-translationally glycosylated, …

Human Induced Rotation And Reorganization Of The Brain Of Domestic Dogs, Taryn Roberts, Paul Mcgreevy, Michael Valenzuela

Anatomy Collection

Domestic dogs exhibit an extraordinary degree of morphological diversity. Such breed-to-breed variability applies equally to the canine skull, however little is known about whether this translates to systematic differences in cerebral organization. By looking at the paramedian sagittal magnetic resonance image slice of canine brains across a range of animals with different skull shapes (N = 13), we found that the relative reduction in skull length compared to width (measured by Cephalic Index) was significantly correlated to a progressive ventral pitching of the primary longitudinal brain axis (r = 0.83), as well as with a ventral shift in the position …

Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Leptin In Ewes During Pregnancy, Joseph A. Daniel, A B. Milam, M E. Gafnea, Brian K. Whitlock, D H. Keisler

Animal Science Publications and Other Works

Previous research has demonstrated circulating concentrations of leptin increase in ewes during mid pregnancy then decline in late pregnancy and early lactation. The objective of this study was to more narrowly define the timing of changes in circulating concentrations of leptin with pregnancy in ewes. Katahdin ewes (n= 19) located at latitude 34.275 and longitude -85.183 (Mount Berry, GA) were utilized. Blood samples were collected weekly via jugular veinpuncture beginning immediately before ram exposure on September 23 and continuing until 4 weeks post-lambing. Ewes were exposed to a ram fitted with a marking harness for a 63 day breeding season. …

Effect Of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor On Feed Intake And Body Temperature In Sheep, James L. Sartin, D L. Marks, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele

Animal Science Publications and Other Works

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been suggested to function as a potent inhibitor of feed intake in rodents. These studies were designed to determine whether LIF was found in the ovine hypothalamus and whether LIF inhibited feed intake in sheep. Sheep hypothalami were used to clone LIF to indicate presence of the gene in the hypothalamus. The sequence was similar to published data. Another group of sheep were provided intraventricular (ICV) cannulas and injected with doses of LIF at 250, 500, 1000 and 2500 ng per sheep, ICV. Feed intake was inhibited by the 1000 and 2500 ng dose (trt, …

Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Growth Hormone And Luteinizing Hormone In Ewes Following Central And Peripheral Treatment With Kisspeptin, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin

Animal Science Publications and Other Works

Kisspeptin (KP), a neuroendocrine regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone, has been hypothesized as an integrator of nutrition and hormones critical to metabolism and regulation of reproduction. Recent evidence suggests growth hormone (GH) secretion may be influenced by KP. The objective of this study was to determine if the GH stimulatory effect of KP is due to actions on the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary gland in ewes. Adult ovariectomized ewes (n=8) were fitted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula to facilitate central administration of experimental treatments. Ewes received one of eight treatments [four intravenously (IV) and four ICV]. Peripheral treatments [0 (Veh), 100, …

Volume 7, Number 2 (Spring/Summer 2010), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Celebrating UT Extension and 4-H's Centennial
• A Veterinarian Alum Blogs on His Life, Work
• Workshops and Tours Promote Direct Farm Marketing

Vs - Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Bovis) Surveillance Standards 11/2001

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and communicable granulomatous disease caused by the acidfast bacilli bacteria of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). It is commonly a chronic, debilitating disease, but occasionally may assume an acute, rapidly progressive course. M. bovisis a widespread zoonosis that is global in magnitude and affects nearly all species of vertebrates (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, bison, buffalo, and camelids.) Disease is spread by direct contact, inhalation of infected droplets expelled from infected lungs, and ingestion of contaminated feed or milk. In most countries, TB is a notifiable disease. Overall, TB has an important world-wide …

Influence Of Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus NPro On Enhancement Of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication Mediated By Antagonism Of Host Cell Interferon Type I Responses, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz A. Alkheraif

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus, Family Flaviviridae. The virus can infect many species of animals of the order Artiodactyla. The BVDV genome encodes an auto protease, N^pro, that degrades interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) reducing type I interferon (IFN-I) production from host cells. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a member of the genus Pneumovirus, Family Paramyxoviridae. Concurrent infection with BVDV and BRSV causes more severe respiratory and enteric disease than infection with either virus alone. Our hypothesis was that N^pro modulates the innate immune responses …

Oas1 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Susceptibility To West Nile Encephalitis In Horses, Jonathan J. Rios, Joann G. W. Fleming, Uneeda K. Bryant, Craig N. Carter, John C. Huber Jr., Maureen T. Long, Thomas E. Spencer, David L. Adelson

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty Publications

West Nile virus, first identified within the United States in 1999, has since spread across the continental states and infected birds, humans and domestic animals, resulting in numerous deaths. Previous studies in mice identified the Oas1b gene, a member of the OAS/RNASEL innate immune system, as a determining factor for resistance to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. A recent case-control association study described mutations of human OAS1 associated with clinical susceptibility to WNV infection. Similar studies in horses, a particularly susceptible species, have been lacking, in part, because of the difficulty in collecting populations sufficiently homogenous in their infection and …

The Lack Of An Inherent Membrane Targeting Signal Is Responsible For The Failure Of The Matrix (M1) Protein Of Influenza A Virus To Bud Into Virus-Like Particles, Dan Wang, Aaron Harmon, Jing Jin, David H. Francis, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson, Ronald C. Montelaro, Feng Li

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

The matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus is generally viewed as a key orchestrator in the release of influenza virions from the plasma membrane during infection. In contrast to this model, recent studies have indicated that influenza virus requires expression of the envelope proteins for budding of intracellular M1 into virus particles. Here we explored the mechanisms that control M1 budding. Similarly to previous studies, we found that M1 by itself fails to form virus-like-particles (VLPs). We further demonstrated that M1, in the absence of other viral proteins, was preferentially targeted to the nucleus/perinuclear region rather than to the …

Tactics For Identifying And Eliminating Tritrichomonas Foetus From Infected Beef Herds, Jeff D. Ondrak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The protozoan, Tritrichomonas foetus (TF), has been recognized as a cause of bovine infertility for more than 100 years (Skirrow and BonDurant, 1988). As an obligate parasite of the bovine reproductive tract its control and eradication seems achievable (Harding, 1950). However, this disease continues to trouble US cattle producers and a recent epidemic in the Western US has lead to increased interest in research and regulatory efforts (Cima, 2009).

Outbreak investigations were carried out on three Nebraska ranches to assess the efficiency of currently available diagnostic tests, culture, gel polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real time PCR (rtPCR), in identifying …

Spontaneous Feline Mammary Intraepithelial Lesions As A Model For Human Estrogen Receptor- And Progesterone Receptor-Negative Breast Lesions, Giovanni P. Burrai, Sulma Mohammed, Margaret A. Miller, Vincenzo Marras, Salvatore Pirino, Maria F. Addis, Sergio Uzzau, Elisabetta Antuofermo

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Intraepithelial lesions (IELs), such as usual ductal hyperplasia (UH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are risk factors that predict a woman’s chance of developing invasive breast cancer. Therefore, a comparative study that establishes an animal model of pre-invasive lesions is needed for the development of preventative measures and effective treatment for both mammary IELs and tumors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histologic and molecular features of feline mammary IELs and compare them with those in women. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens …

Federal Order -- Bovine Tuberculosis: Requirements Applicable To Accredited-Free And Modified Accredited Advanced States Or Zones

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Traditionally, APHIS has encouraged producers to voluntarily depopulate tuberculosis-affected herds to eliminate sources of infection. In accordance with the regulations in 9 CFR 77.7(c), an accredited-free State or zone in which a tuberculosis-affected herd is detected is reclassified to a lower status unless the herd is depopulated and an epidemiologic investigation is completed within 90 days of the detection and finds no evidence that the disease has spread. An accredited-free State or zone is also reclassified to a lower status if two or more affected herds are detected within the State or zone within a 48-month period. The current regulations …

Whole-Genome Snp Association In The Horse: Identification Of A Deletion In Myosin Va Responsible For Lavender Foal Syndrome, Samantha A. Brooks, Nicole Gabreski, Donald Miller, Abra Brisbin, Helen E. Brown, Cassandra Streeter, Jason Mezey, Deborah Cook, Douglas F. Antczak

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Lavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a lethal inherited disease of horses with a suspected autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. LFS has been primarily diagnosed in a subgroup of the Arabian breed, the Egyptian Arabian horse. The condition is characterized by multiple neurological abnormalities and a dilute coat color. Candidate genes based on comparative phenotypes in mice and humans include the ras-associated protein RAB27a (RAB27A) and myosin Va (MYO5A). Here we report mapping of the locus responsible for LFS using a small set of 36 horses segregating for LFS. These horses were genotyped using a newly available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) …

Habit Spring 2010, Department Of Comparative Medicine, College Of Veterinary Medicine

HABIT Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Questions And Answers: Bovine Tuberculosis Federal Order

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Questions:

What does the Federal Order do?
To whom does the Federal Order apply?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in an accredited free State/zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited advanced State/ zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited, accreditation preparatory, or nonaccredited State/zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited, accreditation preparatory, or nonaccredited State/zone?
When does the Federal Order take effect?
How long does the Federal …

Farm Focus - Spring 2010, Brian K. Whitlock, Matt Welborn, Maria Prado, Amy Plummer

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Iraqi Veterinarian Brings Veterinary-and Life-Experiences to ADRDL [Page] 2- Director's Message — Tomorrow’s Veterinarians and the NAVMEC [Page] 2- Veterinarians with Current USDA Accreditation: Note Program Changes [Page] 4- The Virology Section at SDSU’s ADRDL [Page] 5- Fish Health and Diagnostics Update Pieces and Parts [Page] 6- VSD Faculty Members Honored at SDSU Faculty Recognition Event [Page] 6- ADRDL Assists AIB in Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics [Page] 6- 2010 Bailey Herd Health Conference a Success [Page] 6- Faculty Members Attend “Animal Welfare in Veterinary Education and Research” Symposium [Page] 7- Calf Scours Submission Reminders [Page] 7- Calendar of Events

Role Of All Of The Prrsv Glycoproteins In Protective Immune Response, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains the major glycoprotein, GP5, as well as three other minor glycoproteins, namely, GP2a, GP3, and GP4, on the virion envelope, all of which are required for generation of infectious virions. To study their interactions amongst each other and with the cellular receptor for PRRSV, we have cloned each of the viral glycoproteins and CD163 receptor in expression vectors and examined their expression and interaction with each other in transfected cells by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay using monospecific antibodies. Our results show that strong interaction exists between GP4 and GP5 proteins, although weak interactions …

Hair Whorls In The Dog (Canis Familiaris), Part Ii: Asymmetries, Lisa M. Tomkins, Paul Mcgreevy

Anatomy Collection

In horses and cattle, hair whorls have been shown to act as a structural marker of reactivity and behavioral lateralization. Few studies on canine whorls have been reported and none have assessed whorl position or direction of flow. This study describes the distribution and characteristics of whorl in each of 10 regions in which whorls are typically located in dogs. Hair whorls were assessed in dogs (n = 120) and were recorded as clockwise or counterclockwise in the cephalic, cervical (dorsal, lateral, ventral), thoracic and brachial axillary, chest, shoulders, elbows, abdominal, and ischiatic regions. Bilateral whorls, including brachial axillary, elbow, …

Cell-Type Specific Distribution Of Chloride Transporters In The Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Michael A. Belenky, Patricia J. Sollars, David B. Mount, Seth L. Alper, Yosef Yarom, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator and biological clock. Cell-to-cell communication is important for synchronization among SCN neuronal oscillators and the great majority of SCN neurons use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system. Acting via the ionotropic GABAA receptor, a chloride ion channel, GABA typically evokes inhibitory responses in neurons via Cl− influx. Within the SCN GABA evokes both inhibitory and excitatory responses although the mechanism underlying GABA-evoked excitation in the SCN is unknown. GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function …

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nonstructural Protein 1Β Modulates Host Innate Immune Response By Antagonizing Irf3 Activation, Lalit Beura, Saumendra Sarkar, Byungjoon Kwon, Sakthivel Subramaniam, Clinton J. Jones, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando A. Osorio

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of swine leads to a serious disease characterized by a delayed and defective adaptive immune response. It is hypothesized that a suboptimal innate immune response is responsible for the disease pathogenesis. In the study presented here we tested this hypothesis and identified several nonstructural proteins (NSPs) with innate immune evasion properties encoded by the PRRS viral genome. Four of the total ten PRRSV NSPs tested were found to have strong to moderate inhibitory effects on beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activation. The strongest inhibitory effect was exhibited by NSP1 followed by, NSP2, NSP11, …

Model Or Meal? Farm Animal Populations As Models For Infectious Diseases Of Humans, Cristina Lanzas, P Ayscue, R Ivanek, Y T. Grohn

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

In recent decades, theory addressing the processes that underlie the dynamics of infectious diseases has progressed considerably. Unfortunately, the availability of empirical data to evaluate these theories has not grown at the same pace. Although laboratory animals have been widely used as models at the organism level, they have been less appropriate for addressing issues at the population level. However, farm animal populations can provide empirical models to study infectious diseases at the population level.