Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Induces Rapid Cell Death And Functional Impairment Of Murine Dendritic Cells In Vitro, Clinton J. Jones, M. Fernandez, K. Herc, L. Bosnjak, M. Miranda-Saksena, R. A. Boadle, A. Cunningham

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for stimulation of naive T cells. Little is known about the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on DC structure or function or if the observed effects of HSV-1 on human DC are reproduced in murine DC. Here, we demonstrate that by 12 h postinfection, wild-type (wt) HSV-2 (186) abortively infected murine bone marrow-derived DC and induced early cell death compared to UV-inactivated HSV-2 or mock-infected DC. HSV-2-induced loss of DC viability was more rapid than that induced by HSV-1 and was due, in part, to apoptosis, as shown by TEM, caspase-3 …

The Gene That Encodes The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Influences The Accumulation Of Transcripts (Bcl-XL And Bcl-XS) That Encode Apoptotic Regulatory Proteins, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anthony B. Nesburn, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) inhibits apoptosis. We demonstrate here that LAT influences the accumulation of the Bcl-x_L transcript versus the Bcl-x_S transcript in Neuro-2A cells. Bcl-x_L encodes an antiapoptotic protein, whereas Bcl-x_S encodes a proapoptotic protein. Promoting the accumulation of Bcl-x_L in neurons may inhibit apoptosis, thus enhancing the latency-reactivation cycle.

A Diagnostic Strategy To Determine The Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli 0157 Status Of Pens Of Feedlot Cattle, David R. Smith, J.T. Gray, Rodney A. Moxley, S.M. Younts-Dahl, M.P. Blackford, S. Hinkley, L.L. Hungerford, C.T. Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although cattle are reservoirs, no validated method exists to monitor Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 (STEC 0157) on farms. In 29 Midwestern United States feedlot pens we compared culturing feces from the individual cattle to: (1) culturing rope devices that cattle rub or chew; and (2) culturing a composite of fecal pats. Eighty-six per cent (68-96 %) of pens were classified correctly using rope devices to detect pens with at least 16 % of the cattle shedding STEC 0 157 [sensitivity = 82 % (57-96 %); specificity = 92 % (62-100 %)]. Ninety per cent of pens (73-98 %) were …

The Evidence For Pain In Fish: The Use Of Morphine As An Analgesic, Lynne U. Sneddon

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

This paper discusses the evidence for pain perception in fish and presents new data on morphine analgesia in fish. Recent anatomical and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that fish are capable of nociception, the simple detection of a noxious, potentially painful stimulus and the reflex response to this. To prove pain perception, it must be demonstrated that an animal’s behaviour is adversely affected by a potentially painful event and this must not be a reflex response. The present study examined the acute effects of administering a noxious chemical to the lips of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to assess what changes occurred …

Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:1. Biosecurity in the sheep industry will improve production and profits Ashley Mercy, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia 2. Easy care sheep David Scobie, AgResearch, PO Box 60 Lincoln, 8152, New Zealand 3. Targeting the market’s requirements - live sheep exports Neil Buchanan, Manager Animal Health Operations, Primary Industries & Resources, South Australia 4. Setting flock breeding objectives Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup WA 5. Future feeding of sheep in Western Australia John Milton and Graeme Martin, The University of Western Australia 6. Recipe for getting back into Sheep Bob …

Geographical And Temporal Distribution Of Human Giardiasis In Ontario, Canada., Agricola Odoi, S W. Martin, P Michel, J Holt, D Middleton, J Wilson

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

BACKGROUND: Giardia is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in North America. Although information on geographical distribution of giardiasis is critical in identifying communities at high risk, little has been done in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario in order to identify possible high risk areas and seasons. Two spatial scales of analyses and two disease measures were used with a view to identifying the best of each in assessing geographical patterns of giardiasis in Ontario. Global Moran's I and Moran Local Indicators of Spatial …

The Economics Of Managing Wildlife Disease, Richard D. Horan, Christopher A. Wolf

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The spread of infectious disease among and between wild and domesticated animals has become a major problem worldwide. Upon analyzing the dynamics of wildlife growth and infection when the diseased animals cannot be identified separately from healthy wildlife prior to the kill, we find that harvest-based strategies alone have no impact on disease transmission. Other controls that directly influence disease transmission and/or mortality are required. Next, we analyze the socially optimal management of infectious wildlife. The model is applied to the problem of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer, with non-selective harvests and supplemental feeding being the control variables. Using …

Magnetic Resonance Images Of The Brain Of A Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia Simus), L. Marino, K. Sudheimer, D. A. Pabst, J. I. Johnson

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Cetacean (dolphin, whale and porpoise) brains are among the least studied mammalian brains because of the difficulty of collecting and histologically preparing such relatively rare and large specimens. Among cetaceans, there exist relatively few studies of the brain of the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia simus). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain when traditional histological procedures are not practical. Therefore, MRI has become a critical tool in the study of the brain of cetaceans and other large species. This paper represents the first MRI-based anatomically labelled three-dimensional description of the dwarf sperm …

Do Fishes Have Nociceptors? Evidence For The Evolution Of A Vertebrate Sensory System, Lynne U. Sneddon, Victoria A. Braithwaite, Michael J. Gentle

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Nociception is the detection of a noxious tissue-damaging stimulus and is sometimes accompanied by a reflex response such as withdrawal. Pain perception, as distinct from nociception, has been demonstrated in birds and mammals but has not been systematically studied in lower vertebrates. We assessed whether a fish possessed cutaneous nociceptors capable of detecting noxious stimuli and whether its behavior was sufficiently adversely affected by the administration of a noxious stimulus. Electrophysiological recordings from trigeminal nerves identified polymodal nociceptors on the head of the trout with physiological properties similar to those described in higher vertebrates. These receptors responded to mechanical pressure, …

Review Of Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions Between Mircoorganisms And Cells By Jörg Hacker And Jürgen Heesemann, Jeffrey D. Cirillo

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Pathogenesis is one potential outcome of the constant struggle between host defenses and the desire of microorganisms to acquire a privileged niche. This mutually competitive evolutionary process has resulted in interactions among complex and often elegant systems throughout the course of infections. The complexity of these interactions and the large number of infectious agents that exist makes the introduction of students to infectious diseases, as well as a comprehensive review of the field, an extremely daunting task. This book provides just such a comprehensive and timely description of the field in a manner that is easily understandable and enjoyable to …

Identification Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That Both Inhibit Apoptosis And Enhance The Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype, Ling Jin, Weiping Peng, Guey-Chuen Perng, David J. Brick, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for the high spontaneous and induced reactivation phenotype of HSV-1 in the rabbit ocular model and for the high induced reactivation phenotype in the mouse ocular model. Recently we showed that LAT has an antiapoptosis function, and we hypothesized that LAT’s ability to inhibit apoptosis played an important role in LAT’s ability to enhance the reactivation phenotype. Expression of just the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb LAT gene is sufficient for both inhibition of apoptosis in an in vitro transient-transfection assay and the high spontaneous reactivation …

Trigeminal Somatosensory Innervation Of The Head Of A Teleost Fish With Particular Reference To Nociception, Lynne U. Sneddon

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Trigeminal somatosensory receptors have not been characterised in teleost fish and studies in elasmobranchs have failed to identify nociceptors. The present study examined the trigeminal nerve of a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine what types of somatosensory receptors were present on the head of the trout specifically searching for nociceptors. Single unit recordings were made from receptive fields on the head of the fish innervated by the trigeminal nerve. Each receptive field was tested for sensitivity to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation. Five different receptor types were found: fast adapting receptors responding to mechanical stimulation; slowly …

Addressing The Decline In Reproductive Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cows: A Researcher’S Perspective, William J. Silvia

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Infection Of Cattle With A Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Leads To Increased Apoptosis In Trigeminal Ganglia During The Transition From Acute Infection To Latency, Luciane Lovato, Melissa Inman, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. After acute infection, the primary site for BHV-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latencyrelated (LR) RNA. An LR mutant was constructed by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR RNA. This mutant grows to wild-type (wt) efficiency in bovine kidney cells and in the nasal cavity of acutely …

Expression And Localization Of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Protein In Normal And Abnormal Term Placentae And Stimulation Of Trophoblast Differentiation By Estradiol, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Dc Henley, Rf Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of placental function, and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) production rises eighty fold during human pregnancy. Although term placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens, cellular localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in trophoblast remains unclear. We used western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry with h-151 and ID5 monoclonal antibodies to determine the expression and cellular localization of ER-alpha protein in human placentae and cultured trophoblast cells. Western blot analysis revealed a ~65 kDa ER-alpha band in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (positive control). A similar band was detected in five normal term placentae exhibiting strong …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Vbms Annual Report 2003

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences -- Department Information and History

Foreword
VBMS Faculty
VBMS Faculty and Staff, by Function and Unit
Honors. Awards and Recognitions
VBMS Committee Assignments
Faculty Profiles
VBMS Research Associates Profiles
VBMS Teaching Program
Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC)
VBMS Research Program
International Activities
Veterinary Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Systems (NVDLS)
Grants and Contracts Program
Patents by VBMS Faculty
Publications by VBMS Faculty
Presentations by VBMS Faculty
Articles Regarding the Department
Selected Committees. Editorial and Other Appointments
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics

Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrP^CWD, the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrP^CWD using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrP^CWD was detected by dot-blot …

Osmosensitive Taurine Release: Does Taurine Share The Same Efflux Pathway With Chloride And Other Amino Acid Osmolytes?, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Swelling subsequent to hyposmotic conditions activates a process of volume regulation present in most cell types. This volume adjustment is accomplished by osmolyte translocation toward the extracellular space to reach a new osmotic equilibrium. Molecules involved in this homeostatic mechanism have been broadly classified into two categories: organic and inorganic osmolytes. Inorganic osmolytes comprise mainly the intracellular ions K⁺ and Cl^–. Cell swelling–induced activation of separate K⁺ and Cl^– channels has been described in most preparations. Organic osmolytes are grouped in three categories: amino acids, polyalcohols, and methylamines. These osmolytes, particularly taurine, are present in …

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 And Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A high percentage of the world’s population are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and infection can cause a variety of disorders (35, 187). Recurrent ocular HSV-1 is the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in industrialized nations (190). In a murine model, ocular infection induces autoimmune disorders, leading to corneal antigen destruction and stromal keratitis (275). HSV-1 infections also cause gastrointestinal disorders, esophageal disorders, and approximately 25% of the genital herpes infections (67, 158). HSV-1 infections can cause sporadic encephalitis, but this is relatively rare compared to other diseases resulting from infection. Further evidence for its involvement …

Mucosal Priming Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses In Rhesus Macaques By The Salmonella Type Iii Secretion Antigen Delivery System, David T. Evans, Li-Mei Chen, Jacqueline Gillis, Kuei-Chin Lin, Brian Harty, Gail P. Mazzara, Ruben O. Donis, Keith G. Mansfield, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, Jorge E. Galán, R. Paul Johnson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested ∆phoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the …

Method To Detect The Presence Of A Microorganism Or Agent In An Animal, David R. Smith, Laura L. Hungerford, Rodney A. Moxley, Susanne Hinkley, Terry Klopfenstein, Jeff Gray

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides a method to detect the presence of a microorganism or agent in an animal. The method encompasses placement of devices at various locations where the animal resides so as to induce the animal to initiate contact with the device. As a result of this contact, the animal deposits various microorganisms and agents on the device. The device is then tested for the presence of the particular microorganism or agent of interest.

The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome And The Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis With Clinical, Epidemiologic, And Mechanistic Implications, Manu Sebastian, Marie G. Gantz, Thomas Tobin, J. Daniel Harkins, Jeffrey M. Bosken, Charlie Hughes, Lenn R. Harrison, William V. Bernard, Dana L. Richter, Terrence D. Fitzgerald

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

During 2001, central Kentucky experienced acute transient epidemics of early and late fetal losses, pericarditis, and unilateral endophthalmitis, collectively referred to as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS). A toxicokinetic/statistical analysis of experimental and field MRLS data was conducted using accelerated failure time (AFT) analysis of abortions following administration of Eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs; 100 or 50 g/day or 100 g of irradiated caterpillars/day) to late-term pregnant mares. In addition, 2001 late-term fetal loss field data were used in the analysis. Experimental data were fitted by AFT analysis at a high (P < .0001) significance. Times to first abortion (“lag time”) and abortion rates were dose dependent. Lag times decreased and abortion rates increased exponentially with dose. Calculated dose × response data curves allow interpretation of abortion data in terms of “intubated ETC equivalents.” Analysis suggested that field exposure to ETCs in 2001 in central Kentucky commenced on approximately April 27, was initially equivalent to approximately 5 g of intubated ETCs/day, and increased to approximately 30 g/day at the outbreak peak. This analysis accounts for many aspects of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and manifestations of MRLS. It allows quantitative interpretation of experimental and field MRLS data and has implications for the basic mechanisms underlying MRLS. The results support suggestions that MRLS is caused by exposure to or ingestion of ETCs. The results also show that high levels of ETC exposure produce intense, focused outbreaks of MRLS, closely linked in time and place to dispersing ETCs, as occurred in central Kentucky in 2001. With less intense exposure, lag time is longer and abortions tend to spread out over time and may occur out of phase with ETC exposure, obscuring both diagnosis of this syndrome and the role of the caterpillars.

Comparison Of Phenotypic Traits And Genetic Relatedness Of Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Arizonae Isolates From A Colony Of Ridgenose Rattlesnakes With Osteomyelitis, Davis A. Bemis, M A. Owston, A La Lickey, Stephen A. Kania, P Ebner, Barton W. Rohrbach Dr., Edward C. Ramsay

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

Reptiles are well-known sources of human Salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of Salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. Thirty-seven isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (S. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (Crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. All isolates (n=7) from bone lesions were of a single serotype, 56:z4,z23, and this serotype was found on only one occasion among 8 other serotypes isolated from 21 cloacal and intestinal samples. The remainder (n=7) of serotype 56:z4,z23 isolates were from other extraintestinal sites, including liver, ovary, blood, and testis. S. …

Placental Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Beta And Its Hormone Binding Variant – Comparison With Estrogen Receptor Alpha And A Role For Estrogen Receptors In Asymmetric Division And Differentiation Of Estrogen-Dependent Cells, Antonin Bukovsky, Michael R. Caudle, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Romaine I. Fernando, Jay Wimalasena, James S. Foster, Donald C. Henley, Robert F. Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises steadily to eighty fold at term, and placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens. We have recently demonstrated the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) protein in human placenta and its localization in villous cytotrophoblast (CT), vascular pericytes, and amniotic fibroblasts. In vitro, E2 stimulated development of large syncytiotrophoblast (ST) aggregates. In the present study we utilized ER-beta affinity purified polyclonal (N19:sc6820) and ER-alpha monoclonal (clone h-151) antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed a single ~52 kDa ER-beta band in chorionic villi (CV) protein extracts. In CV, strong cytoplasmic ER-beta immunoreactivity …

Volume 1, Number 3 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Booming Biotechnology
• Lessons in Leadership
• New Options for Producers
• Entering an Exciting New Era

Volume 1, Number 2 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Insects as Teaching Tools
• Helping Children Succeed
• Honors Student Faces Bright Future
• Reinventing the Family Farm

Volume 1, Number 1 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Adding Value to Dogwoods
• A Building to Advance Science
• Teaching Lessons in Life
• Towards a Brighter Forest Future

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report 2003, Bridget Patrick

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease and poses a risk to domestic livestock, wildlife and public health in the United States (U.S). In 1917, the U.S. government began a comprehensive national bovine TB eradication program. The disease has been nearly eradicated from livestock in the U.S., but areas of infection resurface periodically. Michigan was declared free of bovine TB in 1975 and received Disease Free status in 1979. In 1975 a free-ranging white-tailed deer in Alcona County was confirmed to be bovine TB positive. It was thought to be an anomaly, and no policy was adopted to look …

Genealogical Relationships Influence The Probability Of Infection With Bovine Tuberculosis And Microgeographic Genetic Structure In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Julie Anne Blanchong

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Zoonoses are of increasing importance to wildlife conservation and human health. It has become increasingly recognized that wildlife ecology plays a key role in disease transmission in wildlife populations. In domestic populations, contacts among individuals are controlled by humans and disease transmission is often density dependent. Unlike domestic animals, wildlife populations often have complex social systems in whch contacts among individuals are not solely density dependent, and can play an important role in the transmission and maintenance of disease.

Prevalence Of Chronic Wasting Disease And Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer And Elk In South Dakota, Christopher N. Jacques, Jonathan A. Jenks, Allen L. Jenny, Steven L. Griffin

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Heads of hunter-harvested deer and elk were collected throughout South Dakota (USA) and within established chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance areas from 1997–2002 to determine infection with CWD and bovine tuberculosis (TB). We used immunohistochemistry to detect CWD-infected individuals among 1,672 deer and elk sampled via geographically targeted surveillance. A total of 537 elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), 813 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 322 mule deer (O. hemionus) was sampled for CWD. Estimated overall prevalence and associated confidence intervals (95%) in white-tailed deer was 0.001% (0–0.007%). Similarly, estimated overall prevalence in elk and mule …