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Articles 121 - 146 of 146
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Responsible Environmental Behaviour: A Test Of The Hines Model, Karen Hayward
Responsible Environmental Behaviour: A Test Of The Hines Model, Karen Hayward
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
As the number and salience of environmental problems have increased so have the number of studies which investigate environmentally responsible behaviour. Hines (1984), after conducting a meta-analysis of this literature, identified crucial variables which predict responsible environmental behaviour. While Hines has proposed a crude model which contains the variables thought to explain this type of behaviour, she has failed to hypothesize about the relationships that exist amongst many of these variables. The present study, therefore, was designed to develop a more elaborate model which attempts to explain some of these relationships, as well as predict responsible environmental behaviour. The sample …
Stress, Social Support And Parental Behavior, Mila M. Buset
Stress, Social Support And Parental Behavior, Mila M. Buset
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present study investigated the relationship between stress, social support and parenting behavior. Eighty-six mothers who had a child enrolled in a daycare center in the Kitchener-Waterloo region volunteered for this study. Participants completed four questionnaires: A Demographic Sheet, the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen and Hoberman, 1983), and the Parent Behavior Scale (which was specifically constructed for this study). The overall support scale and the four subscales (tangible, belonging, appraisal, and self-esteem support) were used to determine whether the perceived availability of social support is directly related to parenting behavior …
An Evaluation Of Drama Therapy As A Form Of Secondary Prevention For Children With Social Skills Deficits, Myra Kosidoy
An Evaluation Of Drama Therapy As A Form Of Secondary Prevention For Children With Social Skills Deficits, Myra Kosidoy
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The following study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention that was based on creative drama designed to improve the social skills of school age children identified as deficient in social-emotional development. The intervention, termed the structured fantasy approach, combines theoretical principals from psychodynamic theory, social learning theory, and creative drama. The study was conducted at a public school in the Kitchener-Waterloo area. Eight students from the third to sixth grade participated in a ten-week social skills program, while seven students from first to third grade participated in a similar program. Five first to third graders and four third to six …
Assessing Socially Skilled Behaviour For Vocational Tenure In Adults With Developmental Disability, Paula M. Daoust
Assessing Socially Skilled Behaviour For Vocational Tenure In Adults With Developmental Disability, Paula M. Daoust
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Socially skilled behaviour is a critical factor in an individual's ability to secure and maintain employment. Due to the very nature of their handicap, persons with mental retardation often exhibit social skills deficits, thus restricting access to competitive employment and the status of full membership in society that such employment facilitates. Previous attempts to train socially skilled behaviour in persons with mental retardation have been hampered by the lack of a valid assessment tool to evaluate program effectiveness and inform program content. The purpose of this paper was to develop such an instrument by extending work done by Lagreca, Stone …
Drawing With And Without Models: An Examination Of Drawing Behavior In Children And Adults, Jenet Bogles
Drawing With And Without Models: An Examination Of Drawing Behavior In Children And Adults, Jenet Bogles
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Research in drawing development has indicated that individuals’ drawing behavior changes with age. Preschoolers, six, nine, twelve year-olds, and adults participated in the present study since these ages corresponded to the most prominent stages noted in the literature. Part one of this study examined drawing behavior in three drawing conditions: a model-absent condition (C1) in which drawing took place following a brief verbal description, a model briefly-present condition (C2) in which the model on which the verbal description was based was examined and drawn when removed from sight, and a model continuously present-condition (C3) in which drawings were made while …
The Impact Of Evaluation Feedback On Affective And Behavioural Reactions, Kathleen Joy Kitching
The Impact Of Evaluation Feedback On Affective And Behavioural Reactions, Kathleen Joy Kitching
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A study was conducted to examine the impact of outcome (success or failure) and attribution information cues (none, internal, external) on affective and behavioural reactions to performance feedback. Following the theorizing of Weiner, Russell, and Lerman (1978, 1979) and Liden and Mitchell (1985), it was predicted that the outcome manipulation would determine a global affective reaction and that the attribution information cues manipulation would polarize these reactions. Sixty university undergraduate students were randomly assigned to success of failure on a practice and final creativity test and were induced to attribute their performance to internal or external causes depending on attribution …
The Relative Contributions Of State And Trait Empathy In The Motivation Of Helping Behaviour, David Scott Melford Pawson
The Relative Contributions Of State And Trait Empathy In The Motivation Of Helping Behaviour, David Scott Melford Pawson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This research examined the relative contributions of situational (state) and dispositional (trait) empathy in the motivation of helping behaviour. Forty W.L.U. undergraduates who volunteered from an original sample of 193 participated in a study in which state and trait empathy were crossed in a 2 X 2 between-subjects design. State empathy was manipulated by perspective taking instructions and trait empathy via a median split of the participants’ Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy scores (filled out previously). Under the guise of an emotional reaction study they were asked to help another student by promising to participate in further research. Both this …
Towards The Development Of A Resource Center For Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa And/Or Bulimia A Needs/Resource Assessment, Professional Networking, And Program Planning Process, Tammy Lee Morrell
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
An assessment of service needs and resource availability for clients with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia was conducted in the Waterloo region, located in southwestern Ontario, in order to ascertain the number of individuals in the region who currently suffer from the disorders but for various reasons have not sought treatment. In addition, the assessment examined the availability of specialized services for this client population, the sufficiency of extant services in relation to estimated service needs, and the degree of inter-agency networking in treating eating disorders. A variety of needs/resource assessment techniques were utilized including the social indicators …
Housing For The Chronically Mentally Disabled: Part Ii—Process And Outcome, Geoffrey Nelson, Heather Smith Fowler
Housing For The Chronically Mentally Disabled: Part Ii—Process And Outcome, Geoffrey Nelson, Heather Smith Fowler
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper reviews process and outcome research on community housing programs for the chronically mentally disabled. Several methods for conceptualizing and assessing housing environments are presented, and pertinent literature on each method is then reviewed. Next, research on the impact of various types of housing programs on clients’ adaptation is reviewed. Methodological problems in both the process and outcome research are highlighted, and directions for future research are suggested. It is concluded that future research requires an integration of the process and outcome findings and methods to ascertain how different program characteristics are related to different facets of adaptation for …
Housing For The Chronically Mentally Disabled: Part I—Conceptual Framework And Social Context, G. Brent Hall, Geoffrey Nelson
Housing For The Chronically Mentally Disabled: Part I—Conceptual Framework And Social Context, G. Brent Hall, Geoffrey Nelson
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper reviews research concerned with community housing programs for the chronically mentally disabled (CMD). In the first section, the ecological perspective is presented as a conceptual framework for the study of housing for the CMD. Several key concepts, such as the least restrictive environment, normalization, and integration, are tied into the ecological perspective. In the second section, literature on three dimensions of the social context of housing for the CMD is reviewed: (a) the geo-social environment; (b) responses from informal social systems; and (c) the planning, policy, and service delivery system. This literature is summarized within the framework of …
The Anti-Electroconvulsive Therapy Movement In Ontario A Description And Analysis, Karen T. Hooper
The Anti-Electroconvulsive Therapy Movement In Ontario A Description And Analysis, Karen T. Hooper
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Recently, a movement emerged in Ontario which attempted to ban the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a controversial psychiatric treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the anti-ECT movement as a contemporary social movement. The research foci of this study pertained to: 1) the movement’s goals and organizational structure, 2) its resource mobilization efforts, and 3) the political environment in which it evolved. Three sources of data were used: key informant interviews, newspaper archives, and OHIP data depicting aggregate numbers of ECT use in Ontario. The anti-ECT movement developed from the activities of self-help groups within …
An Action-Oriented Assessment Of The Housing And Social Support Needs Of Long-Term Psychiatric Clients, Geoffrey Nelson, Mary Earls
An Action-Oriented Assessment Of The Housing And Social Support Needs Of Long-Term Psychiatric Clients, Geoffrey Nelson, Mary Earls
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper describes the context and process, as well as the content, of an assessment of the housing and social support needs of long-term psychiatric clients in a community. The principles of the ecological perspective were used as a framework for conceptualizing and analyzing the data. Using key informant interviews, community forums, and a survey of the clients, it was found that a visible minority of the population has significant housing problems and lacks adequate aftercare and supervision. The ways in which the data have been utilized are described, along with directions for further action.
The Effects Of Expectancy, Task Importance And Self-Attention On Task Persistence, Jim Jewett
The Effects Of Expectancy, Task Importance And Self-Attention On Task Persistence, Jim Jewett
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study was designed to examine the relative power of control theory (Carver, 1979) and self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977) in predicting behavioral persistence. This study employed a 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design. One hundred and twelve undergraduate females were exposed to high and low levels of self-attention and task importance as well as positive and negative self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Following failure on an anagram task subjects’ persistence in solving in insoluble design puzzle was assessed. Contrary to the hypotheses, the results suggested that self-efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, task importance and self-attention do not influence persistence …
Retrieval From Semantic Memory An Analysis Of Facilitory And Inhibitory Priming Effects, Cynthia L. Imhoff
Retrieval From Semantic Memory An Analysis Of Facilitory And Inhibitory Priming Effects, Cynthia L. Imhoff
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of the present study was to replication Blaxton and Neely’s (1982) findings of facilitation from one semantically related prime and inhibition from four semantically related primes in a generation task, and 2) to determine if facilitation and/or inhibition are a function of the level to which the prime and the target are processed. Using Blaxton and Neely’s generation paradigm, subjects generated both primes and targets from the first two letters of words in response to a rhyme cue (nonsemantic task) and/or a category cue (semantic task). For the within-subject manipulations, subjects either generated one or four primes prior …
Semantic Priming Effects The Roles Of Generation Processes And Association, Ellen Platonow
Semantic Priming Effects The Roles Of Generation Processes And Association, Ellen Platonow
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Four groups of participants were tested in order to assess Blaxton and Neely’s (1983) suggestion that the nature of the processing (reading or generating) carried out on the primes and targets determines the degree of priming (facilitation or inhibition). Reading and generating were directly manipulated by the inclusion of a semantic adequacy check (Donaldson & Bass, 1980) designed to augment the “automatic” process of reading, and a speeded generation task designed to limit this check, thus equating generating to reading. Associate items were included to assess Lupker’s (1984) suggestion that the association between primes and targets (not their semantic relatedness) …
On The Memory Code In Serial Feature-Positive Discriminations, Robert S. Mccann
On The Memory Code In Serial Feature-Positive Discriminations, Robert S. Mccann
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The aim of the present research was to examine the nature of the memory code that contributes to performance in a serial feature-positive discrimination. In order to test the hypothesis that a reinforce expectancy based on the first-order association between feature element and reinforce defines the content of the code, different groups of rats received various forms of pretraining involving either the feature element or the common element, or both. For some groups the feature element was trained as a CS+, while for others it was trained as a CS-. In addition, some groups received training establishing the common element …
Primary Prevention: Another Perspective, Geoffrey Nelson, Harry Potasznik, Edward M. Bennett
Primary Prevention: Another Perspective, Geoffrey Nelson, Harry Potasznik, Edward M. Bennett
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper is a response to the British Columbia mental health planning report's position on primary prevention. This report adopts the position of Lamb and Zusman (1979) that research and service aimed at primary prevention should not be funded with money allocated for mental health, and arguments are presented to support this viewpoint. This paper critically reviews the ideological underpinnings, the research base, and the action implications of these arguments, and provides another paradigm for mental health policy in Canada. It is proposed that a spirit of open inquiry is needed so that alternative paradigms can be explored and innovations …
A Survey Of Graduate Education In Community Psychology In Canada, Geoffrey Nelson, Bruce M. Tefft
A Survey Of Graduate Education In Community Psychology In Canada, Geoffrey Nelson, Bruce M. Tefft
Psychology Faculty Publications
A national survey was conducted to determine current opportunities for graduate education in community psychology in Canada. The results show expanded offerings for academic and field work education in community psychology in the past decade. Also, faculty perceptions of the goals, activities, and adequacy of training in community psychology were obtained. Finally, similarities and differences between graduate education in community psychology in Canada and the U.S. are noted. Issues related to the development of community psychology in Canada are discussed.
Resource Exchange: A Case Study, Geoffrey Nelson, Edward M. Bennett, James Dudeck, Richard V. Mason
Resource Exchange: A Case Study, Geoffrey Nelson, Edward M. Bennett, James Dudeck, Richard V. Mason
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper describes a resource exchange program between two human service organizations: a public school board and a university. This case study illustrates the utility of the concept of resource exchange as a response to pressures for the effective management of limited human resources. With an emphasis on mutual goals, needs, and strengths, the resource exchange program expanded resources available to both organizations. For the public school board, new services in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs were developed. For the university, research and training opportunities were created. Finally, the fragmentation between and within the organizations was …
Social Support, Stress, And Young Unwed Mothers' Ability To Cope Effectively With Parenthood, Christina Henninger
Social Support, Stress, And Young Unwed Mothers' Ability To Cope Effectively With Parenthood, Christina Henninger
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Seventy-six single mothers between the ages of 15 and 22 were studied to determine the relationship between stress and social support and to determine their service needs. Of these 76 individuals, 19 were chosen to participate in a Home Visit Program (a self-help support program), while 21 were chosen to act as a control group for the evaluation of the program. It was hypothesized that for the total sample an inverse relationship between stress and support would be found (as support increases, stress decreases). Our findings partially supported this hypothesis. Individuals having high scores for Family Support tended to have …
The Modification Of Smoking Behaviour: A Research Evaluation Of Aversion Therapy, Hypnotherapy, And A Combined Technique, Herman Surkis
The Modification Of Smoking Behaviour: A Research Evaluation Of Aversion Therapy, Hypnotherapy, And A Combined Technique, Herman Surkis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study compared aversion therapy, hypnotherapy, and a combined method. It was predicted that the treatment of imagined behaviour would generalize to overt behaviours. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the aversion group with shock contingent on imagined behaviour, and finally the combined group which consisted of traditional hypnotherapy in combination with aversion therapy. The treatments were contained on separate cassettes with each subject receiving his appropriate cassette. Subjects met in groups of 3-5 individuals, twice a week for three weeks. Individuals acted as their own controls through the establishment of a pre-treatment baseline of smoking rate. …
Effects Of Surveillance On Intrinsic Motivation, Richard Rajala
Effects Of Surveillance On Intrinsic Motivation, Richard Rajala
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Previous research indicates that explicit surveillance should induce subjects to attribute their performance at a task to the surveillance; hence, such subjects should persist to a lesser extent than subjects not exposed to such surveillance. Two forms of explicit surveillance were utilized: human and camera, as well as the appropriate opposites (human non- and camera non-surveillance). Subjects were directed to perform a model construction task, then were unobtrusively observed during a post-task “waiting period.” No difference in persistence was found for type of surveillance utilized. However, as predicted, subjects exposed to surveillance persisted less with the task materials than subjects …
A Systematic Investigation Of Warning Stimulus Modality Effects On Two-Way Active Shuttle Avoidance Performance In Rats, James Paul Villaume
A Systematic Investigation Of Warning Stimulus Modality Effects On Two-Way Active Shuttle Avoidance Performance In Rats, James Paul Villaume
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Three students systematically investigated the hypothesis of Rosic, Frontali and Bignami (1969) that certain stimuli facilitate higher levels of avoidance performance (i.e., more correct responses) because of their ability to generate greater amounts of unconditioned motor activity during the stimulus presentation. Experiment I showed that buzzer, tone and light stimuli produce different amounts of unconditioned motor activity in rats, with the buzzer generating the most activity and the light generating the least. In Experiment II, the introduction of non-contingent shock resulted in a reduction in motor activity levels, but the buzzer still produced higher levels of activity than the light. …
Verbal Behaviour And Awareness In A Quasi-Therapeutic Interview, Roger Thomson
Verbal Behaviour And Awareness In A Quasi-Therapeutic Interview, Roger Thomson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
No abstract provided.
An Assessment Of The Role Of Information Inherent In Positive And Aversive Social Reinforcement Employing A Finger Maze Task With Male And Female Subjects And Experimenters, Brian Westley Strutt
An Assessment Of The Role Of Information Inherent In Positive And Aversive Social Reinforcement Employing A Finger Maze Task With Male And Female Subjects And Experimenters, Brian Westley Strutt
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Forty-eight male and 48 female grade 12 high school students were assigned in groups of 8 to a 2 (sex of S X 3 (treatment) X 2 (sex of E) factorial design experiment. Each S was presented with a finger maze task under one of three experimental treatments: censure-nothing with S being told “WRONG” for an incorrect response, nothing for a correct response; reward-nothing, with S being told “CORRECT” for a correct response, nothing for an incorrect response; nothing-nothing, with Ss being told nothing for either a correct or incorrect response. The task required that a binary decision be made …
Shock Intensity And Task Difficulty As Determiners Of Avoidance And Escape Learning In Rats, Arthur Louis
Shock Intensity And Task Difficulty As Determiners Of Avoidance And Escape Learning In Rats, Arthur Louis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Thirty-six naive female hooded rats were divided randomly into three groups and tested in an instrumental escape and avoidance learning situation involving three degrees of task difficulty. Each group was also randomly subdivided into four subgroups, each of which underwent a different shock intensity level. The purpose of this study was to test the Yorkes-Dodson law which states that (a) there is an optimal level of punishment intensity for any given task (or an inverted-U curve relating shock intensity and performance) and (b) this optimal intensity decreases as task difficulty increases. The results supported (a) but not (b).