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Index

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Sub1a-Mediated Submergence Tolerance Response In Rice Involves Differential Regulation Of The Brassinosteroid Pathway, Aaron J. Schmitz, Jing J. Folsom, Yusuke Jikamaru, Pamela C. Ronald, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Submergence 1A (SUB1A), is an ethylene response factor (ERF) that confers submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) via limiting shoot elongation during the inundation period. SUB1A has been proposed to restrict shoot growth by modulating gibberellic acid (GA) signaling.

Our transcriptome analysis indicated that SUB1A differentially regulates genes associated with brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis during submergence. Consistent with the gene expression data, the SUB1A genotype had higher brassinosteroid levels after submergence compared to the intolerant genotype. Tolerance to submergence can be activated in the intolerant genotype by pretreatment with exogenous brassinolide, which results in restricted shoot elongation …

Characterisation Of Synthetically Developed Cry1ab Gene In Transgenic Tobacco Chloroplasts, Safdar Ali Mirza, Muhammad Sarwar Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Synthetic cry1Ab gene was developed with optimised codons and expressed in the tobacco plastome. Characterisation of the synthetic cry1Ab gene was carried out on homoplasmic transgenic shoots. To purify the homoplasmic shoots, the proliferating heteroplasmic shoots were subjected to various rounds of selection and regeneration on spectinomycin-containing regeneration medium of plant medium. The PCR-screened homoplasmic shoots were placed on MS medium for root induction and proliferation. The functionally expressed CRY protein was detected using ImmunoStrips, and the amount of toxin protein in transplastomic tobacco plants was measured by DAS-ELISA, specific for cry1Ab gene product. The accumulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) …

Physioanatomical Adaptations In Response To Salt Stress In Sporobolus Arabicus (Poaceae) From The Salt Range, Pakistan, Mansoor Hameed, Tahira Nawaz, Muhammad Ashraf, Nargis Naz, Riffat Batool, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Atif Riaz

Turkish Journal of Botany

Sporobolus arabicus Boiss. is a perennial stoloniferous grass that prefers a saline or desert habitat. A natural population of Sporobolus arabicus growing in a salty area was compared with a normal nonsaline population. The salt-tolerant population showed better growth than its counterpart. Physioanatomical adaptations to saline environments in the salt-tolerant population were very specific. They included restricted toxic ion uptake, production of organic osmolytes, sclerification in roots, succulence in stem, and development of vesicular hairs on the leaves. These adaptations were not only for the excretion of toxic ions but also for the accumulation of inorganic ions in the parenchymatous …

Role Of Exogenous Glycinebetaine And Humic Acid In Mitigating Drought Stress-Induced Adverse Effects In Malus Robusta Seedlings, Lixin Zhang, Mei Gao, Linsen Zhang, Binzhi Li, Mingyu Han, Ashok Kumar Alva, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

Glycinebetaine (GB) and humic acid (HA) are 2 commercial growth regulators that are being used worldwide to enhance the tolerance of most crops, including fruit trees, to various stresses, including drought stress (DS). Malus robusta Rehder is considered as one of the most important rootstocks for apple in China, but its growth and productivity is believed to be adversely affected by DS. The effects of different concentrations and combinations of GB (0, 100, and 200 mg L^{–1}) and HA (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg L^{–1}) on M. robusta seedling growth, photosynthesis characteristics, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant responses were evaluated …

Three Pyronemataceous Macrofungi Genera New To Turkish Mycota, Ilgaz Akata, Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Three pyronemataceous macrofungi genera, Acervus Kanouse, Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc., and Rhodoscypha Dissing & Sivertsen, are recorded for the first time from Turkey, based on the collection of Acervus epispartius (Berk. & Broome) Pfister, Neottiella rutilans (Fr.) Dennis, and Rhodoscypha ovilla (Peck) Dissing & Sivertsen. Short descriptions of the taxa are provided together with photographs related to macro- and micromorphologies.

Genetic Fidelity Assessment Of Encapsulated In Vitro Tissues Of Bacopa Monnieri After 6 Months Of Storage By Using Issr And Rapd Markers, Joe Virgin Largia Muthiah, Karutha Pandian Shunmugiah, Ramesh Manikandan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study has investigated the efficiency of regrowth of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell after 6 months of storage along with its clonal fidelity checking. Shoot tips and nodal segments of in vitro grown plantlets were encapsulated and stored at different temperatures and the highest regeneration was achieved by storing shoot tips at 4 °C for a period of 6 months. The response of shoot tips was found to be much better when compared to nodal segments in the case of forming healthy shoots and roots. The genetic stability of regrown plantlets was analysed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. …

Localization And Distribution Of Nickel And Other Elements In In-Vitro Grown Alyssum Corsicum Exhibiting Morphological Changes In Trichomes: Initial Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms Of Nickel Hyperaccumulation, Seni̇ha Selcen Babaoğlu Aydaş, Leyla Açik, Danika Leduc, Nezaket Adigüzel, Şeküre Şebnem Elli̇altioğlu, Zeki̇ye Suludere, Yusuf Kağan Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Alyssum corsicum Duby is a candidate plant used for phytomining and phytoremediation studies with its high Ni-accumulating ability of the aboveground tissues. Metal localization and concentration by hyperaccumulator plants and the physiological basis of these phenomena have been of great interest in recent years. A. corsicum seeds were grown at different concentrations of Ni in Murashige and Skoog medium. Multielement concentrations of the plant roots and shoots were determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Ni, Ca, Mg, and Fe localization and concentration at the upper and lower leaf surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with the energy-dispersive …

Patterns Of Aquatic Macrophyte Species Composition And Distribution In Bulgarian Rivers, Gana Gecheva, Lilyana Yurukova, Svetoslav Cheshmedjiev

Turkish Journal of Botany

The composition of aquatic bryophyte and vascular plant assemblages, and 4 environmental variables (water velocity, shading, mean depth, and substrate type), together with altitude, ecological status, and river type were monitored at 223 sites along 204 rivers during 2009 in the Pontic Province and Eastern Balkan Ecoregions, Bulgaria. The relationships between macrophytes themselves and the parameters studied were tested. Forty-nine bryophytes and 86 vascular plants were identified. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that aquatic bryophytes and vascular plants are in inverse correlation. Bryophytes occurred mainly in conditions of higher altitude and ecological status; at the same time vascular plants were …

Asperula Anatolica (Rubiaceae), A New Species From South-East Anatolia, Turkey, Meryem Şeker

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Asperula anatolica M.Ozturk (Rubiaceae), is described from south-east Turkey. A. anatolica grows on limestone bedrock, in Uludere District (C9 Şırnak Province). It is an endemic confined to south-east Anatolia, and it is related to A. comosa Schönb.-Tem in the section Cruciana. Asperula anatolica is distinct from a closely allied species, A. comosa, by its inflorescence, indumentum, corolla lobes and shape, bracts, bracteoles, internodes, seed coat surface, and pollen grains. Photos of the new species are provided, and observations on the population are discussed. Special attention is also given to its ecology and conservation status. In addition, pollen …

Physiological Responses To Nitrate Stress Of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Harbouring The Cucumber Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene, Huini Xu, Xudong Sun, Xiaoyu Yang, Qinghua Shi, Xiufeng Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

The physiological responses to nitrate stress of 2 transgenic tobacco lines containing the cucumber mitogen-activated protein kinase (CsNMAPK) gene were investigated. Seed germination rates of the transgenic tobacco lines were higher than that of the wild type (WT) tobacco under 150 mM nitrate treatment. The transgenic seedlings had higher root fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) than the WT plants after 98 mM and 182 mM nitrate treatment. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolytic leakage (EL), and H_{2}O_2 content were higher in the WT than they were in the transgenic plants after 7-day nitrate stress treatment. The antioxidant enzyme (superoxide …

Contributions To The Moss Flora Of The Al-Ghab Plain (North-West Syria), Adnan Erdağ, Mesut Kirmaci, Intissar Ti̇zi̇ni̇, Adnan Kashlan, Badeea Charaf Addi̇ne

Turkish Journal of Botany

Sixty mosses belonging to 12 families and 31 genera are presented from Al-Ghab plain in north-west Syria. Among these, 29 species are recorded for the first time for the bryophyte flora of Syria.

Time-Dependent Effect Of Salicylic Acid On Alleviating Cold Damage In Two Barley Cultivars Differing In Cold Tolerance, Sali̇h Mutlu, Ömer Karadağoğlu, Ökkeş Atici, Esen Taşğin, Barbaros Nalbantoğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

The time-dependent effect of salicylic acid (SA) on alleviating cold damage in the Tokak (tolerant) and Akhisar (sensitive) varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare) was investigated. Seedlings subjected to 0.0, 0.1, and 1 mM SA for 7 days were transferred to cold (7/5 °C) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 for 3 days. It was found that 0.1 mM SA had a greater alleviating effect, decreasing the freezing injury in both varieties for at least 10 days after the application. Moreover, 0.1 mM SA had a greater effect on alleviation in Tokak by increasing the ice nucleation activity of apoplastic …

Correlation Between The Morphological Characters Of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Traits And Their Implications For Breeding, Hamid Reza Karimi, Seyed Hossein Mirdehghan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Pomegranate is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Selection of suitable genotypes resistant to unfavourable environmental and soil conditions and diseases is important for increasing the yield efficiency and acreage of this important crop. The aim of this research was to compare commercial pomegranate genotypes in Iran and to determine any correlations between morphological characteristics. Eight pomegranate types were used during the research. Twenty-six morphological characteristics were evaluated based on the pomegranate descriptor. Results from simple correlation analyses showed significant positive and negative correlations in certain important characteristics. Titratable acidity and vitamin C were in significant correlation …

The Influence Of Poultry Litter Biochar On Early Season Cotton Growth, Taylor D. Coomer, David E. Longer, Derrick M. Oosterhuis, Dimitra A. Loka

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Cotton is known for being sensitive to cool, wet soils, especially in the early stages of growth. Amendments to soil can aid cotton seedlings in development and nutrient uptake. However, soil amendments can be costly and detrimental to the environment, and alternatives such as the addition of biochar have been considered. Biochar is produced from biomass that has gone through pyrolysis and has been shown to improve plant yield, microbial response, soil structure, soil cation–exchange capacity, and water use efficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar on early season cotton growth. The aim of this study …

International Polar Year (Ipy) Back To The Future (Btf): Changes In Arctic Ecosystem Structure Over Decadal Times Scales, Sandra Villarreal

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Arctic vegetation communities are responding to climate warming through shifts in species composition and diversity but most observations have been made over relatively short time frames, and/or in association with experimental manipulations. Because vegetation plays a key role in regulating ecosystem productivity, nutrient cycling, surface energy budgets, and trophic interactions in the Arctic, there is a need to better understand shifts in tundra vegetation communities over decadal time scales. Understanding these shifts and their impact on ecosystem structure and function in the Arctic has important implications for predicting the future state of both the Arctic and the Earth System. Long …

Influence Of Salicylic Acid On Phytochelatin Synthesis In Zea Mays During Cd Stress, Gabriella Szalai, Alexander Krantev, Rusina Yordanova, Losanka Petrova Popova, Tibor Janda

Turkish Journal of Botany

Presoaking maize (Zea mays) seeds in salicylic acid (SA) reduces damage caused by cadmium. In the present work the possible role of phytochelatins (PCs) in SA-mediated protection against Cd toxicity was investigated. Seeds were presoaked in 0.5 mM SA, and seedlings were grown in hydroponic solution containing 0, 0.01, 0.015, or 0.025 mM Cd. Treatment with Cd increased the PC levels in maize roots, but only slight changes were observed in the leaves. Long-term exposure to Cd decreased the phytochelatin synthase (PCS) activity in the roots and led to an increase in PCS and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in maize …

Erratum To: Identification And Characterization Of Four Missense Mutations In Brown Midrib12 (Bmr12), The Caffeic Acid O-Methyltranferase (Comt) Of Sorghum, Scott E. Sattler, Nathan A. Palmer, Ana Saballos, Ann M. Greene, Zhanguo Xin, Gautam Sarath, Wilfred Vermerris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes. The name of the enzyme “Caffeic O-methyltransferase” should be read as “Caffeic acid O-Methyltranferase” throughout the paper, including the title.

On Table 2, the fifth column should have been captured as part of the sub-heading “Unpretreated”. The corrected version is shown on the next page.

Table 2 Variation in Klason lignin content and glucose yields obtained after enzymatic saccharification at 50 °C at 60 FPU/ g cellulase of native (unpretreated) stover after 4, 20, and 96 h, and of pretreated stover after 24 h

Mapping Soybean Aphid Resistance Genes In Pi 567598b, Carmille Bales, Guorong Zhang, Menghan Liu, Clarice Mensah, Cuihua Gu, Qijian Song, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan, Dechun Wang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since it was first reported in 2000. Our previous study revealed that the strong aphid resistance of plant introduction (PI) 567598B was controlled by two recessive genes. The objective of this study was to locate these two genes on the soybean genetic linkage map using molecular markers. A mapping population of 282 F_4:5 lines derived from IA2070 X E06902 was evaluated for aphid resistance in a field trial in 2009 and a greenhouse trial in 2010. Two …

Unleashing The Potential Of The Root Hair Cell As A Single Plant Cell Type Model In Root Systems Biology, Zhenzhen Qiao, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant root is an organ composed of multiple cell types with different functions.This multicellular complexity limits our understanding of root biology because -omics studies performed at the level of the entire root reflect the average responses of all cells composing the organ. To overcome this difficulty and allow a more comprehensive understanding of root cell biology, an approach is needed that would focus on one single cell type in the plant root. Because of its biological functions (i.e., uptake of water and various nutrients; primary site of infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes), the root hair cell is an attractive …

Status Of Tridens X Oklahomensis (Poaceae) And Updated Treatment Of The Genus Tridens In Arkansas, C. T. Witsell, Brent Baker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We report the documentation of Tridens × oklahomensis, the naturally-occurring interspecific hybrid between Tridens flavus and Tridens strictus, from Arkansas. Collections of this uncommon hybrid were made from open, often disturbed habitat in 12 counties and observations without collections were made in 3 additional counties. All records occurred in areas with populations of both parent species. A summary of occupied site characteristics and a map of the known range within Arkansas are presented along with photographs illustrating T. × oklahomensis in comparison with both parent species. Keys, notes on habitat, and updated range maps are also presented for all known …

Seed Coat Ultrastructure Of Hard-Seeded And Soft-Seeded Varieties Of Vicia Sativa, Hati̇ce Nurhan Büyükkartal, Hati̇ce Çölgeçen, Nur Münevver Pinar, Nesli̇han Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The mature seed coat structure in hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa L. was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to investigate differentiation in cytological and morphological features between these varieties. The outer layer of the seed coats was composed of macrosclereid (Malpighian) cells in the hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa. The walls of the macrosclereid cells were thickened, and the cell vacuoles were filled with tannin. The cytoplasm of the macrosclereids contained small- and large-sized vacuoles and ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Under this layer there was a hypodermal layer composed of osteosclereids separated by …

Exploring The Potential Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract (Mle) As A Seed Priming Agent In Improving Wheat Performance, Azra Yasmeen, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra, Abdul Wahid, Wasif Nouman, Hafeez Ur Rehman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seed priming with plant extracts and chemicals has been used as an important growth enhancement tool in crop plants; however, the mechanisms of their action are not fully explored. In this research, an attempt was made to understand the mechanism of various seed priming treatments in greenhouse-grown wheat. The seed priming treatments used were hydropriming, on-farm priming, moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf extract (MLE) priming, and CaCl_2 priming. Results showed that all the seed priming treatments were effective in improving germination and seedling growth attributes of wheat over the control. However, MLE followed by CaCl_2 emerged as the most effective …

Rapd And Issr Analysis Of Some Economically Important Species, Varieties, And Cultivars Of The Genus Allium (Alliaceae), Ashutosh Mukherjee, Biswanath Sikdar, Biplab Ghosh, Anuradha Banerjee, Enakshi Ghosh, Moimee Bhattacharya, Satyesh Chandra Roy

Turkish Journal of Botany

RAPD and ISSR markers have been used to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of some economically important species of Allium. Two plants related to Allium were also included for better understanding of the phylogeny. ISSR showed more polymorphism within A. cepa and A. sativum, while RAPD showed more polymorphism within A. porrum. Overall, RAPD revealed more intraspecific diversity than ISSR, while ISSR showed more interspecific diversity than RAPD. This showed the usefulness of using both markers for the study of Allium. UPGMA-based dendrograms showed a close relationship between Allium sativum and Allium porrum. A. porrum showed less genetic …

Morphological And Genetic Variation Within And Among Four Quercus Petraea And Q. Robur Natural Populations, Cengi̇z Yücedağ, Oliver Gailing

Turkish Journal of Botany

Numeric-taxonomical and molecular techniques [nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs), expressed sequence tag (EST) SSRs, and chloroplast SSRs] were used to estimate morphological and genetic differentiation within and among 4 Quercus petraea and Q. robur natural populations in Turkey. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 3 out of 15 studied leaf morphological characters (clustered hairs, number of intercalary veins, petiole length) mainly accounted for the discrimination between species. In accordance with earlier observations, the mean genetic differentiation between Q. petraea and Q. robur at 8 microsatellite loci (F_{ST} = 0.030) and at chloroplast microsatellites (G_{ST} = …

The Identity Of Magnolia Odoratissima (Magnoliaceae) From China, Shugang Chen, Qingwen Zeng

Turkish Journal of Botany

The type specimen of Magnolia odoratissima Y.W.Law & R.Z.Zhou (Magnoliaceae) conflicts with the protologue and belongs to the genus Parakmeria Hu & W.C.Cheng. A new name, Magnolia kwangnanensis S.G.Chen & Q.W.Zeng sp. nov., and a new type are designated to accommodate the original description. Here we provide new data and a detailed morphological description for this species. Notes are also presented on its habitat, pollen morphology, and conservation status.

Sexual Phenotype Of Capparis Herbacea (Capparaceae), Nana Shakarishvili, Liana Osishvili

Turkish Journal of Botany

Floral morphology coupled with the morphometry of androecium revealed that Capparis herbacea Willd. has an andromonoecious sexual system, producing both male and perfect flowers on the same plant. Functionally male flowers develop more stamens with larger anthers than bisexual ones (63.6 ± 0.6 and 4.1 ± 0.01 mm; 58.1 ± 0.7 and 3.6 ± 0.02 mm, respectively). The ratio of male to perfect flowers ranges from 0.5 to 2.6 during the flowering season. The development of dense trichomes on the adaxial surface of the cavity made by variegated connate petals is presumably adaptive and serves to protect nectary exudate from …

The Lichen Flora Of Gunib Plateau, Inner-Mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), Gennadii Urbanavichus, Aziz Ismailov

Turkish Journal of Botany

As a result of lichenological exploration of the Gunib plateau in the Republic of Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), we report 402 species of lichenised, 37 lichenicolous, and 7 nonlichenised fungi representing 151 genera. Nineteen species are recorded for the first time for Russia: Abrothallus chrysanthus J.Steiner, Abrothallus microspermus Tul., Caloplaca albopruinosa (Arnold) H.Olivier, Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vezda, Candelariella rhodax Poelt & Vezda, Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl., Halospora deminuta (Arnold) Tomas. & Cif., Halospora discrepans (J.Lahm ex Arnold) Hafellner, Lichenostigma epipolina Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner, Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw., Mycomicrothelia atlantica D.Hawksw. & Coppins, Parabagliettoa cyanea (A.Massal.) Gueidan & Cl.Roux, …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) Of Anatolia Inferred From Multiple Nuclear And Chloroplast Dna Regions, Ni̇vart Taşci Margoz, İbrahi̇m Sirri Yüzbaşioğlu, Zeynep Çelen, Tuna Eki̇m, Ayşe Neşe Bi̇lgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anatolia hosts 14 of the 22 taxa of genus Galanthus L. The phylogenetic relationships of Galanthus species were explored using DNA sequence data from both nuclear and chloroplast DNA of 70 specimens covering all subdivisions of Galanthus present in Turkey. Our data showed that species of the same geography clustered together phylogenetically, in contrast to the presently recognized taxonomy based on morphological characters. The 5.8S rRNA sequence data by itself is sufficiently informative for constructing phylogenetic trees. Our data confirm the identity of Galanthus koenenianus as a new taxon, well separated from G. alpinus; both are clustered within subseries Viridifolii, …

Agrophysiological And Biochemical Properties Associated With Adaptation Of Medicago Sativa Populations To Water Deficit, Mohamed Farissi, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Mustapha Faghire, Adnane Bargaz, Cherki Ghoulam

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effect of water deficit on growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters related to water deficit tolerance was studied in 4 Moroccan alfalfa Medicago sativa L. populations that originated from the mountains and oases of Morocco. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Seeds were allowed to germinate in pots filled with sand and peat at a 2:1 ratio, respectively. After 1 month of sowing, the plants were subjected to 3 water regimes: optimal irrigation (75% of field capacity, FC), moderate water deficit (50% FC), and severe water deficit (25% FC). At 45 days of stress, the plants were …