Botany Commons^™

Trilepisium (Moraceae): Four New Species From Madagascar, Shawn Kelley

Theses

Trilepisium is a genus of tree with two member species: T. madagascariense and T. gymnandrum. This genus shows diversity in habit and morphology greatly exceeding that expected of a genus with two member species. Concerted collection efforts since the last revision have suggested there are several unrecognized species within Trilepisium and a revision is needed. Chapter one of this thesis details the history of this taxanomically challenging genus and presents the results of our study of 600 Malagasy herbarium specimens. Trilepisium is more adequately circumscribed as containing 17 species, 11 of which are new to science. Chapter two contains …

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of Fungal Communities And Their Effects On Plants, Kel Cook

Biology ETDs

Fungi perform several critical functions in the environment. Spatiotemporal distributions of fungal communities will mediate when and where these functions happen and how they vary across the landscape. I first explored tropical tree canopy fungal community variation at small spatial scales and documented near total turnover of fungi across sub-meter distances and among adjacent substrates. The second chapter analyzed fungal turnover over the course of three years, where community stability was driven primarily by abundant fungi. In the third chapter, I tested effects of the environment, including host plant and habitat, on canopy fungal communities and found only small effects, …

Use Of An Active Canopy Sensor Mounted On An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle To Monitor The Growth And Nitrogen Status Of Winter Wheat, Jie Jiang, Zeyu Zhang, Qiang Cao, Yan Liang, Brian Krienke, Yongchao Tian, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Xiaojun Liu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Using remote sensing to rapidly acquire large-area crop growth information (e.g., shoot biomass, nitrogen status) is an urgent demand for modern crop production; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acts as an effective monitoring platform. In order to improve the practicability and efficiency of UAV based monitoring technique, four field experiments involving different nitrogen (N) rates (0–360 kg N ha⁻¹ ) and seven winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were conducted at different eco-sites (Sihong, Rugao, and Xinghua) during 2015–2019. A multispectral active canopy sensor (RapidSCAN CS-45; Holland Scientific Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) mounted on a multirotor UAV platform was used …

Perspectives On Low Temperature Tolerance And Vernalization Sensitivity In Barley: Prospects For Facultative Growth Habit, Maria Munoz-Amatriain, Javier Hernandez, Dustin Herb, P Stephen Baenziger, Anne Marie Bochard, Flavio Capettini, Ana Casas, Alfonso Cuesta-Marcos, Claus Einfeldt, Scott Fisk, Amelie Genty, Laura Helgerson, Markus Herz, Gongshe Hu, Ernesto Igartua, Ildiko Karsai, Toshiki Nakamura, Kazuhiro Sato, Kevin Smith, Eric Stockinger, William Thomas, Patrick Hayes

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

One option to achieving greater resiliency for barley production in the face of climate change is to explore the potential of winter and facultative growth habits: for both types, low temperature tolerance (LTT) and vernalization sensitivity are key traits. Sensitivity to short-day photoperiod is a desirable attribute for facultative types. In order to broaden our understanding of the genetics of these phenotypes, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identified candidate genes using a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) panel composed of 882 barley accessions that was genotyped with the Illumina 9K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Fifteen loci including 5 known …

Distribution Of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens In Potable Spring Water Of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis On Virulence Gene And Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Escherichia Coli, Ashish Kumar Singh, Saurav Das, Santosh Kumar, Varsha Rani Gajamer, Ishfaq Nabi Najar, Yanchen D. Lepcha, Hare Krishna Tiwari, Samer Singh

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Every year millions of people die due to fatal waterborne diseases around the world especially in developing countries like India. Sikkim, a northeastern state of India, greatly depends on natural water sources. About 80% of the population of Sikkim depends on natural spring water for domestic as well as agricultural use. Recent waterborne disease outbreaks in the state raises a concerning question on water quality. In this study, we analyzed water quality especially for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae members from four districts of the state. Isolation with selective culture media techniques and taxonomic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with 16S rRNA …

The Benefits Of The Arkansas Rice Check-Off Program, B. Peterson-Wilhelm, L. L. Nalley, A. Durand-Morat, A. Shew, R. Parajuli, G. Thoma

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

As margins are reducing for agricultural producers there is a concerted effort to analyze all costs. One such cost for rice producers in Arkansas is their contribution to the Rice Check-off Program. This study analyzes the cost-benefit ratio of funds contributed by Arkansas rice producers and the holistic (both economic and environmental) benefits they receive. This study analyzes just five of the many programs the Rice Check-off Program invests in through the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UASDA) and suggests that every dollar invested generated an average return of $28.49 between 2002–2018 ($70.45 when ecosystem benefits are included). …

Critical Period Of Palmer Amaranth Removal And Effects Of Late Season Herbicide Applications On Palmer Amaranth Seed Production, José Henrique Scarparo De Sanctis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Palmer amaranth is the most troublesome weed in agronomic crops in United States. Therefore, an integrated weed management approach is necessary to successfully manage this weed. The use of residual pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide applied at planting can delays the is one of the critical time of Palmer amaranth removal (CTPAR) giving farmers more time to prepare the weed control tactics and to preventing an unacceptable yield loss in soybean due to Palmer amaranth competition. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, to determine the CTPAR in soybean …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2019, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2019 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines, from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only a data set from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of …

Analysis Of The Variables Affecting Plant Species Richness In Deserts, Eli R. Kallison, Ellen Thompson, Maddison Keen, Rusty Newman

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

There are many hypotheses that attempt to explain patterns of species diversity in different environments. Deserts are a great place to study changes in species richness because they are relatively nutrient bare and exhibit low precipitation. This barebones environment means that slight shifts in climate and geography may lead to clear changes in species richness. We investigate how temperature, precipitation, water and light availability, latitude, elevation and other variables affect plant species richness in 20 deserts.

Influence Of Pinus Contorta And Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi On The Presence Of Cladonia Portentosa Subspecies Pacifica Within Protected Dune Ecosystems In Arcata, California, Courtney Michelle Harris, Kacia Layman, Jamie Wautlet, Grace Rhoades, Chris Belko

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

No abstract provided.

Detailed Genetic Analysis For Identifying Qtls Associated With Drought Tolerance At Seed Germination And Seedling Stages In Barley, Yasser S. Moursi, Samar G. Thabet, Ahmed Amro, Mona F.A. Dawood, P Stephen Baenziger, Ahmed Sallam

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Drought induces several challenges for plant development, growth, and production. These challenges become more severe, in particular, in arid and semiarid countries like Egypt. In terms of production, barley ranks fourth after wheat, maize, and rice. Seed germination and seedling stages are critical stages for plant establishment and growth. In the current study, 60 diverse barley genotypes were tested for drought tolerance using two different treatments: control (0-PEG) and drought (20%-PEG). Twenty-two traits were estimated for seed germination and seedling parameters. All traits were reduced under drought stress, and a significant variation was found among genotypes under control and stress …

Report: Native Seed Stakeholder Meeting 2020, Laura E. Fischer Walter

Tallgrass Prairie Publications and Reports

There were 27 invited participants from Iowa and other Midwestern states (Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin). In addition, the TPC director, TPC staff members, AmeriCorps associates, and UNI students participated in organizing the meeting.

Meeting participants represented various stakeholder groups with connections to the native seed system of Iowa and the Midwest region:

 Seed consumers – need access to diverse, regionally appropriate, and affordable native seed to meet demand for restoration in various contexts.

 Seed producers and service providers – need to sustain business viability while responding to changing policy and demand for native seed and services.

 Researchers, …

Hu Aquaponics Monitoring And Control System : European Annual Edunet Conference 2020, Rachel L. Fogle, Glenn P. Williams, Josh R. Krug

Harrisburg University Presidential Research Grants

The functional purpose of the HU Aquaponics Monitoring and Control System Project is to develop an environmental and plant monitoring and control system for the HU Aquaponics Lab, located in the Student Union. The project involves the design and implementation of technology that will regularly take measurements from the environment (e.g., air temperature, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc). PLCnext Technology will systematically collect, store, and web-publish the measurement data for HU researchers and the public to use for scientific research.

Wild Things To Make Your Heart Sing, Molly Mcclain

History: Faculty Scholarship

The article describes the collaboration between philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps (1836-1932) and artist Albert R. Valentien (1862-1926) that produced an exceptional collection of watercolors depicting the wildflowers of California, now in the collection of the San Diego Natural History Museum.

Coal Char Affects Soil Ph To Reduce Ammonia Volatilization From Sandy Loam Soil, Dinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Bijesh Maharjan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Ammonia (NH₃) volatilization loss adversely affects N availability in soil-plant systems, reduces crop yield, and negatively impacts environment. Char (coal combustion residue), which contains up to 293 g kg⁻¹ total C by weight, has been shown to reduce NH₃ volatilization due to its considerably high surface area and cation exchange capacity. The NH₃ loss can be greatly affected by a shift in soil pH or urea hydrolysis. A 21-d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char on soil pH, N transformations, and subsequent NH₃ volatilization in sandy loam soil. Two …

Economics Of Herbicide Programs For Weed Control In Conventional, Glufosinate, And Dicamba/Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Across Nebraska, Adam M. Striegel, Kent M. Eskridge, Nevin C. Lawrence, Stevan Knezevic, Greg R. Kruger, Christopher A. Proctor, Gary Hein, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Despite widespread adoption of dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Nebraska and across the United States in recent years, economic information comparing herbicide programs with glufosinate-resistant (GLU-R) and conventional soybean is not available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate weed control efficacy, crop safety, gross profit margin, and benefit/cost ratios of herbicide programs with multiple sites of action in DGR, GLUR, and conventional soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at three irrigated and two rain-fed locations across Nebraska, for a total of 10 site-years. Herbicides applied pre-emergence (PRE) that included herbicides with …

Growth, Physiological And Biochemical Responses Of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus) Towards Different Shade Levels, Murthazar Naim Raai

Student Works (2020-2029)

Ambiguous evidence suggests that shade could regulate the indeterminate growth habit of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), an underutilized protein-rich legume from the tropics. This study was conducted to examine the effects of three different shade levels, including 60% (heavy shade), 30% (moderate shade), and 0% (as control) on 25 traits associated with morphological features, photosynthetic and agronomic characteristics of winged bean. The shade-house experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Collectively, approximately 80% of the studied variables displayed significant differences (P< 0.05) between at least two shade treatments. Shading generally showed the most pronounced effect on the physiological traits of the legume, whereby the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rates differed significantly (P< 0.05) among plants for all treatments. Overall, non-shaded plants were observed to have superior growth and physiological responses than the shaded plants, especially being significantly taller with higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Interestingly, the moderately shaded plants exhibited the highest yield per plant (28.9 g �} 1.47), which significantly differed from the non-shaded (23.8 g �} 1.06) and heavily shaded (21.4 g �} 1.48) plants. These findings suggested that winged bean plants can adapt to partial shaded conditions or canopy cover, making it a potential nitrogen-fixing cash crop which can be planted together with fruit and oil trees in commercial plantations. Given that there were no significant differences between the moderately shaded and heavily plants with respect to their seed protein content (P>0.05), this project also demonstrates that winged bean can grow and yield well while maintaining its protein content …

Quantitative Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds In Barks And Leaves Of Okoubaka Aubrevillei Collected From Iwo, Southwestern Nigeria, Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola, Adeboyin Funmi Aderounmu, Isaac Oluwaseyi Abiola, Kolawole Emmanuel Abodurin, Tunde Adeniran, Festus Agboola, Oluwayemisi Samuel Olokeogun

Journal of Bioresource Management

Okoubaka aubrevillei is an indigenous and sacred tropical tree in Africa. It is rare with allelopathic properties and has relatively little information available in terms of what is responsible for its usage for medicinal and traditional usage. The phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis of the compounds in the barks and leaves of Okoubaka aubrevillei was determined to ascertain and establish its earlier claimed usage as traditional and modern medicine. The most important classes of secondary metabolites (phytochemical compounds) specifically alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinnes, mucilages, oses, holosides, coumarin and glycosides were detected in both, the leaves and barks of the …

Patterns Of Intraspecific Trait Variation Along An Aridity Gradient Suggest Both Drought Escape And Drought Tolerance Strategies In An Invasive Herb, Shana R. Welles, Jennifer L. Funk

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background and Aims

In water limited landscapes, some plants build structures that enable them to survive with minimal water (drought resistance). Instead of making structures that allow for survival through times of water limitation, annual plants may invoke a drought escape strategy where they complete growth and reproduction when water is available. Drought escape and resistance each require a unique combination of traits and, therefore, plants are likely to have a suite of trait values that are consistent with a single drought response strategy. In environments where conditions are variable, plants may additionally evolve phenotypically plastic trait responses to water …

Registration Of ‘Ne10589’ (Husker Genetics Brand Ruth) Hard Red Winter Wheat, P. Stephen Baenziger, Robert Graybosch, Devin J. Rose, Lan Xu, Mary Guttieri, Teshome Regassa, Robert N. Klein, Greg R. Kruger, Dipak Santra, Gary Hergert, Stephen Wegulo, Y. Jin, J. Kolmer, Gary Hein, Jeff Bradshaw, M.-S. Chen, G. Bai, R. L. Bowden, Ibrahim El-Basyoni, A. Lorenz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

With climate variation common in the U.S. Great Plains and particularly in Nebraska, wheat growers prefer broadly adapted cultivars. ‘NE10589’ (Reg. no. CV-1165, PI 675998) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA– ARS and released in January 2015 by the developing institutions. NE10589 was released primarily as a broadly adapted semi-dwarf cultivar for its superior performance under rainfed conditions throughout Nebraska and adjacent areas of the Great Plains. Its broad adaptation ensures that it will perform well under the typical environmental fluctuations that occur inNebraska. NE10589was selected …

Ethno-Medicinal Survey For Some Wild Plants Of Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan, Ramiz Raja, Tasveer Zahra Bokhari, Shakil Ahmad, Saeed Ahmad Malik, Kausar Hussain, Kashif Nadeem

Journal of Bioresource Management

Wild plants have always held economic, nutritional and medicinal value for human beings. Present work is the study of local information of some wild plants being used for remedial purposes in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The indigenous knowledge of local conventional uses was collected through survey and personal interviews during field trips. A total of 50 plant species were identified by taxonomic description using field guides and locally by medicinal knowledge of people living in the area. About 150 informers were interviewed randomly to record local names and ethno-medicinal uses of different plant species.

Selection Signatures Across Seven Decades Of Hard Winter Wheat Breeding In The Great Plains Of The United States, Habtamu Ayalew, Mark E. Sorrells, Brett F. Carver, P. Stephen Baenziger, Xue-Feng Ma

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Classical plant breeding has been instrumental in changing the genetic makeup of crop plants for better ecological adaptation and improved quality. This paper provides insights of the genomic changes effected in hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through decades of breeding and selection in the Great Plains of the United States. Population structure and differentiation analyses were conducted on 185 wheat cultivars released from 1943 to 2013. Cultivars were grouped into four distinct clusters using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). One of the clusters was unique in that 15 out of the 18 individuals were recent releases (2000–2010), …

Simulating Winter Rye Cover Crop Production Under Alternative Management In A Corn-Soybean Rotation, Nilovna Chatterjee, Sotirios V. Archontoulis, Angela M Bastidas, Christopher A. Proctor, Roger W. Elmore, Andrea Basche

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to evaluate two alternative approaches for extending the cover crop growing window into corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crop rotations in Nebraska, USA.We evaluated how: (i) shifting corn planting dates (mid-April to early-June) and (ii) altering comparative relative maturity (CRM) corn hybrids (80 to 115 days) influence cover crop biomass and corn yields over a 30-year period. The APSIM model was tested using experimental data and was then used to simulate a range of cover crop planting and termination scenarios. Our results showed no significant yield …

Estimating Economic Minimums Of Mowing, Fertilizing, And Irrigating Turfgrass, Douglas J. Soldat, James T. Brosnan, Ambika Chandra, Roch E. Gaussoin, Alec Kowalewski, Bernd Leinauer, Frank S. Rossi, John C. Stier, J Bryan Unruh

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The public health crisis and economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced turfgrass industry professionals to re-evaluate standard practices. Minimum costs required to fertilize, irrigate, and mow turfgrasses can be roughly estimated using climate data, turfgrass physiology information, and resource costs. Although the actual minimum costs vary situationally and regionally, mowing golf putting greens optimally requires about US$34 per acre per month, whereas other turfgrass areas cost less than US$11 per acre per growing month. Fertilizer applications to turfgrass cost US$22 or less per acre per growing month. Irrigation costs (water and electricity for pumping) vary widely, with …

Relating Green Space Characteristics To Student Housing Habits, Joshua Randall

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Botanical Tour Of Christian Art At The National Museum Of Ancient Art (Lisbon, Portugal), Luis Mendonça De Carvalho, Francisca Maria Fernandes, Maria De Fátima Nunes, Miriam Lopes, Maria Vlachou, Paula Nozes, Ana Maria Costa

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Christian works of art, from the middle XIV to early XIX centuries, were studied in order to contribute to a new perspective of the cultural history of plants in Portuguese and European art displayed at the National Museum of Ancient Art (NMAA). The symbolic use of trees, leaves, flowers and fruits in painting, sculpture and tapestry were compared with theological data from the Bible, Apocrypha Gospels and codes of symbols from the XVII to XX centuries, as well as pictorial data from academic literature and photographic databases. We found 40 botanical taxa used as symbols that aimed to reinforce moral …

Soybean Barcsoysnp6k: An Assay For Soybean Genetics And Breeding Research, Qijian Song, Long Yan, Charles Quigley, Edward Fickus, He Wei, Linfeng Chen, Faming Dong, Susan Araya, Jinlong Liu, David Hyten, Vincent R. Pantalone, Randall L. Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The limited number of recombinant events in recombinant inbred lines suggests that for a biparental population with a limited number of recombinant inbred lines, it is unnecessary to genotype the lines with many markers. For genomic prediction and selection, previous studies have demonstrated that only 1000–2000 genome-wide common markers across all lines/accessions are needed to reach maximum efficiency of genomic prediction in populations. Evaluation of too many markers will not only increase the cost but also generate redundant information. We developed a soybean (Glycine max) assay, BARCSoySNP6K, containing 6000 markers, which were carefully chosen from the SoySNP50K assay based …

Functional Characterization Of Petiolule-Like Pulvinus (Plp) Gene In Abscission Zone Development In Medicago Truncatula And Its Application To Genetic Improvement Of Alfalfa, Juan Du, Shaoyun Lu, Maofeng Chai, Chuanen Zhou, Liang Sun, Yuhong Tang, Jaydeep Kolape, Zhaozhu Wen, Marjan Behzadirad, Tianxiu Zhong, Juan Sun, Yunwei Zhang, Zeng-Yu Wang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops throughout the world. Maximizing leaf retention during the haymaking process is critical for achieving superior hay quality and maintaining biomass yield. Leaf abscission process affects leaf retention. Previous studies have largely focused on the molecular mechanisms of floral organ, pedicel and seed abscission but scarcely touched on leaf and petiole abscission. This study focuses on leaf and petiole abscission in the model legume Medicago truncatula and its closely related commercial species alfalfa. By analysing the petiolule-like pulvinus (plp) mutant in M. truncatula at phenotypic level (breakstrength and shaking …

A Meta-Analysis Of The Human Uses Of Pteridophytic Species In Tennessee, Diana Sevier

Honors Theses

Pteridophytes are an ancient lineage of plants, composed of ferns and fern allies, which are spread across the globe. There is also a long record of humans using pteridophytes to their benefit, which includes the broad categories of medicine, ornamentation, food, phytoremediation, and agriculture. Understanding these concepts, the goal of this thesis was to conduct a meta-analysis which pulled together data from many resources on the 94 Tennessee pteridophyte species to create a repository of human use information, as well as to examine, analyze, and comment on the trends present within and between taxonomic groups of pteridophytes. The methods used …

B.R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2019, K.A. K. Moldenhauer, B. Scott, J. Hardke

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.